"surprendre" meaning in All languages combined

See surprendre on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /syʁ.pʁɑ̃dʁ/ Audio: Fr-surprendre.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑ̃dr Etymology: Inherited from Middle French surprendre, from Old French sorprendre. By surface analysis, sur- + prendre. In Old French sorprendre (“to overtake”) (formed from sor- (“over”); cf. modern French sur-) was distinguished from sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”) (formed from sous- (“under”)); the two verbs later became one over time. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|surprendre|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French surprendre, {{inh+|fr|frm|surprendre}} Inherited from Middle French surprendre, {{inh|fr|fro|sorprendre}} Old French sorprendre, {{surf|fr|sur-|prendre}} By surface analysis, sur- + prendre, {{m|fro|sorprendre||to overtake}} sorprendre (“to overtake”), {{m|fro|sor-||over}} sor- (“over”), {{m|fr|sur-}} sur-, {{m|fro|sousprendre||to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)}} sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”), {{m|fro|sous-||under}} sous- (“under”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} surprendre Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], surprendre [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], surprenant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], surpris [participle, past], surprends [first-person, indicative, present, singular], surprends [indicative, present, second-person, singular], surprend [indicative, present, singular, third-person], surprenons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], surprenez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], surprennent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], surprenais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], surprenais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], surprenait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], surprenions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], surpreniez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], surprenaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], surpris [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], surpris [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], surprit [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], surprîmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], surprîtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], surprirent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], surprendrai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], surprendras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], surprendra [future, indicative, singular, third-person], surprendrons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], surprendrez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], surprendront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], surprendrais [conditional, first-person, singular], surprendrais [conditional, second-person, singular], surprendrait [conditional, singular, third-person], surprendrions [conditional, first-person, plural], surprendriez [conditional, plural, second-person], surprendraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], surprenne [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], surprennes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], surprenne [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], surprenions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], surpreniez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], surprennent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], surprisse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], surprisses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], surprît [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], surprissions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], surprissiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], surprissent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], surprends [imperative, second-person, singular], surprenons [first-person, imperative, plural], surprenez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to surprise Synonyms: étonner
    Sense id: en-surprendre-fr-verb-dQx3lwp-
  2. to catch out
    Sense id: en-surprendre-fr-verb-GaSETqmU Categories (other): French terms prefixed with sur- Disambiguation of French terms prefixed with sur-: 21 50 29
  3. to overhear, to discover, to spot (an action or secret someone is trying to hide)
    Sense id: en-surprendre-fr-verb-KmN7Uwvp Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, Middle French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 7 41 52 Disambiguation of Middle French entries with incorrect language header: 9 27 48 9 8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: surpris, surprise

Verb [Middle French]

Etymology: From Old French sorprendre, sousprendre. Etymology templates: {{inh|frm|fro|sorprendre}} Old French sorprendre, {{m|fro|sousprendre}} sousprendre Head templates: {{head|frm|verb}} surprendre
  1. to surprise
    Sense id: en-surprendre-frm-verb-dQx3lwp-
  2. to take (something) over; to seize
    Sense id: en-surprendre-frm-verb-KA6NNLVD
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: surprins [adjective], prendre

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for surprendre meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "sorprender",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Asturian: sorprender",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Asturian: sorprender"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "sorprender",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: sorprender",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: sorprender"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "surpreender",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: surpreender",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: surpreender"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "surprinde",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: surprinde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: surprinde"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "surprendre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French surprendre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "surprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French surprendre",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sorprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sorprendre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sur-",
        "3": "prendre"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, sur- + prendre",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sorprendre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to overtake"
      },
      "expansion": "sorprendre (“to overtake”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sor-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "over"
      },
      "expansion": "sor- (“over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sur-"
      },
      "expansion": "sur-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sousprendre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)"
      },
      "expansion": "sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sous-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "under"
      },
      "expansion": "sous- (“under”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French surprendre, from Old French sorprendre. By surface analysis, sur- + prendre. In Old French sorprendre (“to overtake”) (formed from sor- (“over”); cf. modern French sur-) was distinguished from sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”) (formed from sous- (“under”)); the two verbs later became one over time.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenant",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpris",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprends",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprends",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprend",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenons",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprennent",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenais",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenais",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenait",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenions",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.njɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpreniez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenaient",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpris",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpris",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprit",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprîmes",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁim/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprîtes",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁit/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprirent",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁiʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrai",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendras",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendra",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrons",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendront",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrais",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrais",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrait",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrions",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendriez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendraient",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenne",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprennes",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenne",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenions",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.njɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpreniez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprennent",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprisse",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprisses",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprît",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprissions",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprissiez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprissent",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprends",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenons",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "surprendre",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "surpris"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "surprise"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Nothing surprises me anymore.",
          "text": "Plus rien ne me surprend.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to surprise"
      ],
      "id": "en-surprendre-fr-verb-dQx3lwp-",
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "étonner"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 50 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms prefixed with sur-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to catch out"
      ],
      "id": "en-surprendre-fr-verb-GaSETqmU",
      "links": [
        [
          "catch out",
          "catch out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 41 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 27 48 9 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to overhear, to discover, to spot (an action or secret someone is trying to hide)"
      ],
      "id": "en-surprendre-fr-verb-KmN7Uwvp",
      "links": [
        [
          "overhear",
          "overhear"
        ],
        [
          "discover",
          "discover"
        ],
        [
          "spot",
          "spot"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃dʁ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑ̃dr"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-surprendre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Fr-surprendre.ogg/Fr-surprendre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Fr-surprendre.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprendre"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "surprise"
          },
          "expansion": "English: surprise",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from past participle"
          },
          "expansion": "(from past participle)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: surprise (from past participle)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "surprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "French: surprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: surprendre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sorprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sorprendre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sousprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "sousprendre",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French sorprendre, sousprendre.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "surprendre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle French",
  "lang_code": "frm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "surprins"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "prendre"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to surprise"
      ],
      "id": "en-surprendre-frm-verb-dQx3lwp-",
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Don't you see how he treat those from the castle he seized?",
          "ref": "1560, Jean Longis, Robert le Mangnier, Le Premier livre d'Amadis de Gaule, page CCXXVII",
          "text": "Ne voyez vous comme il a traité ceux du chasteau qu'il a surprins ?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to take (something) over; to seize"
      ],
      "id": "en-surprendre-frm-verb-KA6NNLVD",
      "links": [
        [
          "take (something) over",
          "take over"
        ],
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprendre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French irregular verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms prefixed with sur-",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French third group verbs",
    "French verbs",
    "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle French lemmas",
    "Middle French terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
    "Middle French verbs",
    "Rhymes:French/ɑ̃dr",
    "Rhymes:French/ɑ̃dr/3 syllables"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "sorprender",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Asturian: sorprender",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Asturian: sorprender"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "sorprender",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: sorprender",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: sorprender"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "surpreender",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: surpreender",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: surpreender"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "surprinde",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: surprinde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: surprinde"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "surprendre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French surprendre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "surprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French surprendre",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sorprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sorprendre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sur-",
        "3": "prendre"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, sur- + prendre",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sorprendre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to overtake"
      },
      "expansion": "sorprendre (“to overtake”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sor-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "over"
      },
      "expansion": "sor- (“over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sur-"
      },
      "expansion": "sur-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sousprendre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)"
      },
      "expansion": "sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sous-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "under"
      },
      "expansion": "sous- (“under”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French surprendre, from Old French sorprendre. By surface analysis, sur- + prendre. In Old French sorprendre (“to overtake”) (formed from sor- (“over”); cf. modern French sur-) was distinguished from sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”) (formed from sous- (“under”)); the two verbs later became one over time.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenant",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpris",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprends",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprends",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprend",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenons",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprennent",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenais",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenais",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenait",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenions",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.njɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpreniez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenaient",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpris",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpris",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprit",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprîmes",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁim/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprîtes",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁit/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprirent",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁiʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrai",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendras",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendra",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrons",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendront",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrais",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrais",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrait",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendrions",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendriez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprendraient",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenne",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprennes",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenne",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenions",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.njɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surpreniez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprennent",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɛn/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprisse",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprisses",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprît",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprissions",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprissiez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁi.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprissent",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprends",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenons",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.nɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surprenez",
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁə.ne/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "surprendre",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "surpris"
    },
    {
      "word": "surprise"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Nothing surprises me anymore.",
          "text": "Plus rien ne me surprend.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to surprise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "étonner"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to catch out"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "catch out",
          "catch out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to overhear, to discover, to spot (an action or secret someone is trying to hide)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "overhear",
          "overhear"
        ],
        [
          "discover",
          "discover"
        ],
        [
          "spot",
          "spot"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/syʁ.pʁɑ̃dʁ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑ̃dr"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-surprendre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Fr-surprendre.ogg/Fr-surprendre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Fr-surprendre.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprendre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle French lemmas",
    "Middle French terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
    "Middle French verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "surprise"
          },
          "expansion": "English: surprise",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from past participle"
          },
          "expansion": "(from past participle)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: surprise (from past participle)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "surprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "French: surprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: surprendre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sorprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sorprendre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sousprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "sousprendre",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French sorprendre, sousprendre.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "surprendre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle French",
  "lang_code": "frm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "surprins"
    },
    {
      "word": "prendre"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to surprise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle French terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Don't you see how he treat those from the castle he seized?",
          "ref": "1560, Jean Longis, Robert le Mangnier, Le Premier livre d'Amadis de Gaule, page CCXXVII",
          "text": "Ne voyez vous comme il a traité ceux du chasteau qu'il a surprins ?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to take (something) over; to seize"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "take (something) over",
          "take over"
        ],
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprendre"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.