See sorprendre on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sorprendre meaning in All languages combined (21.1kB)
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "roa-oca", "3": "sobreprendre", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old Catalan sobreprendre", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "roa-oca", "3": "sobreprendre" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan sobreprendre", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "fr", "3": "surprendre" }, "expansion": "French surprendre", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "1803" }, "expansion": "1803", "name": "etydate/the" }, { "args": { "1": "1803" }, "expansion": "First attested in 1803.", "name": "etydate" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan sobreprendre, probably with influence from French surprendre. First attested in 1803.", "forms": [ { "form": "sorprendre", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "root stress:", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "ɛ", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "/e/", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "/ə/", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "sorprenc", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguí", "tags": [ "first-person", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprès", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "conjugation-2 irregular", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ca-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "sorprendre", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "sorprès", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpresa", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpresos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreses", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprenc", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprèn", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreníem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreníeu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenien", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendré", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendràs", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrà", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendran", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguí", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprengueres", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprengué", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguérem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguéreu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprengueren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendria", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendries", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendria", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendríem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendríeu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrien", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprengui", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprengui", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprengueu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguin", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprengués", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguessis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprengués", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguéssim", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguéssiu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguessin", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprèn", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprengui", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "imperative", "second-person-semantically", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguin", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "imperative", "plural", "second-person-semantically" ] }, { "form": "no sorprenguis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "no sorprengui", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "imperative", "negative", "second-person-semantically", "singular" ] }, { "form": "no sorprenguem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "negative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no sorprengueu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "no sorprenguin", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person-semantically" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "root": "ê" }, "expansion": "sorprendre (first-person singular present sorprenc, first-person singular preterite sorprenguí, past participle sorprès); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencian) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/", "name": "ca-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "ca-conj" } ], "lang": "Catalan", "lang_code": "ca", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Catalan verbs with velar infix", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "to surprise" ], "id": "en-sorprendre-ca-verb-dQx3lwp-", "links": [ [ "surprise", "surprise" ] ], "related": [ { "word": "sorprenent" }, { "word": "sorpresa" } ], "tags": [ "Balearic", "Central", "Valencian" ], "wikipedia": [ "Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[surˈpɛn.dɾə]", "tags": [ "Central" ] }, { "ipa": "[surˈpɾɛn.dɾə]", "tags": [ "Central" ] }, { "ipa": "[sorˈpən.dɾə]", "tags": [ "Balearic" ] }, { "ipa": "[sorˈpɾən.dɾə]", "tags": [ "Balearic" ] }, { "ipa": "[soɾˈpen.dɾe]", "tags": [ "Valencian" ] }, { "ipa": "[soɾˈpɾen.dɾe]", "tags": [ "Valencian" ] } ], "word": "sorprendre" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "frm", "2": "surprendre" }, "expansion": "Middle French: surprendre", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle French: surprendre" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "surprise" }, "expansion": "English: surprise", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "from past participle" }, "expansion": "(from past participle)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "English: surprise (from past participle)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "surprendre" }, "expansion": "French: surprendre", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "French: surprendre" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "it", "2": "sorprendere", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Italian: sorprendere", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Italian: sorprendere" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "sor-", "3": "prendre" }, "expansion": "sor- + prendre", "name": "af" }, { "args": { "1": "c", "2": "1165" }, "expansion": "First attested in c. 1165.", "name": "etydate" }, { "args": { "1": "pro", "2": "sobreprendre" }, "expansion": "Old Occitan sobreprendre", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "sosprendre" }, "expansion": "sosprendre", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "From sor- + prendre. First attested in c. 1165. Compare Old Occitan sobreprendre.\nSense 3 is not original and resulted from the absorption by this verb of the related sosprendre.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fro-conj-prendre", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "sorprendre", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "avoir sorpris", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "en sorprenant", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "sorprenant", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "sorpris", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "sorpreing", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "sorprenez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenoie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenoies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenoit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreniiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreniens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreniiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreniez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenoient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpris", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprist", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣimes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣistes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprisdrent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendras", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendra", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendront", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendriiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendriens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendriiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendriez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "multiword-construction", "perfect", "present" ] }, { "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "multiword-construction", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "anterior", "indicative", "multiword-construction", "past" ] }, { "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "multiword-construction", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "multiword-construction", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "sorpreigne", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreignes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreigne", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreigniens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreignons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreigniez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreignent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣisse", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣisses", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣist", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissoiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "multiword-construction", "past", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "multiword-construction", "pluperfect", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprenez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "verb" }, "expansion": "sorprendre", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sor" }, "name": "fro-conj-prendre" }, { "args": { "pastp": "pris", "prefix": "sor", "pres": "pren", "pres1s": "preing,pren", "pres2s": "prenz", "prets": "pri", "prettype": "strong-sd", "pretu": "pre", "repl": "", "sub2": "///preigniens,preignons/preigniez/", "subs": "preign" }, "name": "fro-conj-iii" } ], "lang": "Old French", "lang_code": "fro", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "prendre" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "24 68 5 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 74 5 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French terms prefixed with sor-", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 70 6 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French verbs ending in -re", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 72 6 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 71 6 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to seize, take control of" ], "id": "en-sorprendre-fro-verb-XtMCMzzR", "links": [ [ "seize", "seize" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "to overtake" ], "id": "en-sorprendre-fro-verb-EEaKak7R", "links": [ [ "overtake", "overtake" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "Each wanted to surprise the other", "ref": "c. 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut", "text": "Cascuns voloit l'altre soprendre", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "to surprise" ], "id": "en-sorprendre-fro-verb-dQx3lwp-", "links": [ [ "surprise", "surprise" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "surprendre" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "sourprendre" } ], "word": "sorprendre" }
{ "categories": [ "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "Old French irregular verbs", "Old French lemmas", "Old French terms prefixed with sor-", "Old French third group verbs", "Old French verbs", "Old French verbs ending in -re", "Old French verbs with stem alternations", "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "roa-oca", "3": "sobreprendre", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old Catalan sobreprendre", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "roa-oca", "3": "sobreprendre" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan sobreprendre", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "fr", "3": "surprendre" }, "expansion": "French surprendre", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "1803" }, "expansion": "1803", "name": "etydate/the" }, { "args": { "1": "1803" }, "expansion": "First attested in 1803.", "name": "etydate" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan sobreprendre, probably with influence from French surprendre. First attested in 1803.", "forms": [ { "form": "sorprendre", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "root stress:", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "ɛ", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "/e/", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "/ə/", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "sorprenc", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguí", "tags": [ "first-person", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprès", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "conjugation-2 irregular", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ca-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "sorprendre", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "sorprès", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpresa", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpresos", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreses", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "participle", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprenc", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprèn", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenia", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreníem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreníeu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenien", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendré", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendràs", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrà", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendran", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguí", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprengueres", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprengué", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguérem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguéreu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprengueren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendria", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendries", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendria", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendríem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendríeu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrien", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprengui", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprengui", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprengueu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguin", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprengués", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguessis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprengués", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguéssim", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguéssiu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguessin", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprèn", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprengui", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "imperative", "second-person-semantically", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenguin", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "imperative", "plural", "second-person-semantically" ] }, { "form": "no sorprenguis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "no sorprengui", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "imperative", "negative", "second-person-semantically", "singular" ] }, { "form": "no sorprenguem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "negative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no sorprengueu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "no sorprenguin", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person-semantically" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "root": "ê" }, "expansion": "sorprendre (first-person singular present sorprenc, first-person singular preterite sorprenguí, past participle sorprès); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencian) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/", "name": "ca-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "ca-conj" } ], "lang": "Catalan", "lang_code": "ca", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "sorprenent" }, { "word": "sorpresa" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Catalan entries with incorrect language header", "Catalan irregular verbs", "Catalan lemmas", "Catalan second conjugation verbs", "Catalan terms derived from French", "Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan", "Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan", "Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation", "Catalan verbs", "Catalan verbs with velar infix" ], "glosses": [ "to surprise" ], "links": [ [ "surprise", "surprise" ] ], "tags": [ "Balearic", "Central", "Valencian" ], "wikipedia": [ "Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[surˈpɛn.dɾə]", "tags": [ "Central" ] }, { "ipa": "[surˈpɾɛn.dɾə]", "tags": [ "Central" ] }, { "ipa": "[sorˈpən.dɾə]", "tags": [ "Balearic" ] }, { "ipa": "[sorˈpɾən.dɾə]", "tags": [ "Balearic" ] }, { "ipa": "[soɾˈpen.dɾe]", "tags": [ "Valencian" ] }, { "ipa": "[soɾˈpɾen.dɾe]", "tags": [ "Valencian" ] } ], "word": "sorprendre" } { "categories": [ "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "Old French irregular verbs", "Old French lemmas", "Old French terms prefixed with sor-", "Old French third group verbs", "Old French verbs", "Old French verbs ending in -re", "Old French verbs with stem alternations", "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "frm", "2": "surprendre" }, "expansion": "Middle French: surprendre", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle French: surprendre" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "surprise" }, "expansion": "English: surprise", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "from past participle" }, "expansion": "(from past participle)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "English: surprise (from past participle)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "surprendre" }, "expansion": "French: surprendre", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "French: surprendre" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "it", "2": "sorprendere", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Italian: sorprendere", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Italian: sorprendere" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "sor-", "3": "prendre" }, "expansion": "sor- + prendre", "name": "af" }, { "args": { "1": "c", "2": "1165" }, "expansion": "First attested in c. 1165.", "name": "etydate" }, { "args": { "1": "pro", "2": "sobreprendre" }, "expansion": "Old Occitan sobreprendre", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "sosprendre" }, "expansion": "sosprendre", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "From sor- + prendre. First attested in c. 1165. Compare Old Occitan sobreprendre.\nSense 3 is not original and resulted from the absorption by this verb of the related sosprendre.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fro-conj-prendre", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "sorprendre", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "avoir sorpris", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "en sorprenant", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "sorprenant", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "sorpris", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "sorpreing", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "sorprenez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenoie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenoies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenoit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreniiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreniens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorpreniiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreniez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenoient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreneient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpris", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣis", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprist", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣimes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣistes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprisdrent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendras", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendra", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendrez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendront", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendriiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendriens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprendriiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendriez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendroient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprendreient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "multiword-construction", "perfect", "present" ] }, { "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "multiword-construction", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "anterior", "indicative", "multiword-construction", "past" ] }, { "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "multiword-construction", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "multiword-construction", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "sorpreigne", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreignes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreigne", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorprenons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreigniens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreignons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorprenez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreigniez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreignent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣisse", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣisses", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣist", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissoiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpreṣissent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "multiword-construction", "past", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "multiword-construction", "pluperfect", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "sorpren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "sorprenons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "sorprenez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "verb" }, "expansion": "sorprendre", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sor" }, "name": "fro-conj-prendre" }, { "args": { "pastp": "pris", "prefix": "sor", "pres": "pren", "pres1s": "preing,pren", "pres2s": "prenz", "prets": "pri", "prettype": "strong-sd", "pretu": "pre", "repl": "", "sub2": "///preigniens,preignons/preigniez/", "subs": "preign" }, "name": "fro-conj-iii" } ], "lang": "Old French", "lang_code": "fro", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "prendre" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "to seize, take control of" ], "links": [ [ "seize", "seize" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "to overtake" ], "links": [ [ "overtake", "overtake" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Old French terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "Each wanted to surprise the other", "ref": "c. 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut", "text": "Cascuns voloit l'altre soprendre", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "to surprise" ], "links": [ [ "surprise", "surprise" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "surprendre" }, { "word": "sourprendre" } ], "word": "sorprendre" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.