"sorprendre" meaning in Old French

See sorprendre in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From sor- + prendre. First attested in c. 1165. Compare Old Occitan sobreprendre. Sense 3 is not original and resulted from the absorption by this verb of the related sosprendre. Etymology templates: {{af|fro|sor-|prendre}} sor- + prendre, {{etydate|c|1165}} First attested in c. 1165, {{cog|pro|sobreprendre}} Old Occitan sobreprendre Head templates: {{head|fro|verb}} sorprendre Inflection templates: {{fro-conj-prendre|sor}}, {{fro-conj-iii|pastp=pris|prefix=sor|pres=pren|pres1s=preing,pren|pres2s=prenz|prets=pri|prettype=strong-sd|pretu=pre|repl=|sub2=///preigniens,preignons/preigniez/|subs=preign}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], sorprendre [infinitive], avoir sorpris [infinitive, multiword-construction], en sorprenant [gerund], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction], sorprenant [participle, present], sorpris [participle, past], sorpreing [first-person, indicative, present, singular], sorpren [first-person, indicative, present, singular], sorprenz [indicative, present, second-person, singular], sorprent [indicative, present, singular, third-person], sorprenons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], sorprenez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], sorprenent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], sorprenoie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], sorpreneie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], sorprenoies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], sorpreneies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], sorprenoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], sorpreneit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], sorpreniiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], sorpreniens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], sorpreniiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], sorpreniez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], sorprenoient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], sorpreneient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], sorpris [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], sorpreṣis [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], sorprist [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], sorpreṣimes [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], sorpreṣistes [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], sorprisdrent [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], sorprendrai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], sorprendras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], sorprendra [future, indicative, singular, third-person], sorprendrons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], sorprendroiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], sorprendreiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], sorprendrez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], sorprendront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], sorprendroie [conditional, first-person, singular], sorprendreie [conditional, first-person, singular], sorprendroies [conditional, second-person, singular], sorprendreies [conditional, second-person, singular], sorprendroit [conditional, singular, third-person], sorprendreit [conditional, singular, third-person], sorprendriiens [conditional, first-person, plural], sorprendriens [conditional, first-person, plural], sorprendriiez [conditional, plural, second-person], sorprendriez [conditional, plural, second-person], sorprendroient [conditional, plural, third-person], sorprendreient [conditional, plural, third-person], present tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], preterite tense of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future tense of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional tense of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], sorpreigne [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], sorpreignes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], sorpreigne [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sorprenons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], sorpreigniens [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], sorpreignons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], sorprenez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], sorpreigniez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], sorpreignent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], sorpreṣisse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], sorpreṣisses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], sorpreṣist [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sorpreṣissons [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], sorpreṣissiens [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], sorpreṣissoiz [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], sorpreṣissez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], sorpreṣissiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], sorpreṣissent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], sorpren [imperative, second-person, singular], sorprenons [first-person, imperative, plural], sorprenez [imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. to seize, take control of
    Sense id: en-sorprendre-fro-verb-XtMCMzzR Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French terms prefixed with sor-, Old French verbs ending in -re, Old French verbs with stem alternations, Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 32 57 6 4 Disambiguation of Old French terms prefixed with sor-: 22 55 11 11 Disambiguation of Old French verbs ending in -re: 27 55 9 9 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with stem alternations: 24 53 11 11 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite: 18 46 19 18
  2. to overtake
    Sense id: en-sorprendre-fro-verb-EEaKak7R
  3. to surprise
    Sense id: en-sorprendre-fro-verb-dQx3lwp-
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: surprendre, sourprendre Related terms: prendre

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "surprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: surprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: surprendre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "surprise"
          },
          "expansion": "English: surprise",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from past participle"
          },
          "expansion": "(from past participle)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: surprise (from past participle)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "surprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "French: surprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: surprendre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "sorprendere",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: sorprendere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: sorprendere"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sor-",
        "3": "prendre"
      },
      "expansion": "sor- + prendre",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "1165"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in c. 1165",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pro",
        "2": "sobreprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Occitan sobreprendre",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From sor- + prendre. First attested in c. 1165. Compare Old Occitan sobreprendre.\nSense 3 is not original and resulted from the absorption by this verb of the related sosprendre.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-prendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir sorpris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en sorprenant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreing",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreneie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreneies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreneit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreniiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreniens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreniiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreneient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣimes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣistes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprisdrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendrai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendra",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendrons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendrez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreigne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreignes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreigne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreigniens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreignons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreigniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreignent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣisses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "sorprendre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sor"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-prendre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pastp": "pris",
        "prefix": "sor",
        "pres": "pren",
        "pres1s": "preing,pren",
        "pres2s": "prenz",
        "prets": "pri",
        "prettype": "strong-sd",
        "pretu": "pre",
        "repl": "",
        "sub2": "///preigniens,preignons/preigniez/",
        "subs": "preign"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-iii"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "prendre"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 57 6 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 55 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French terms prefixed with sor-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 55 9 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -re",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 53 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 46 19 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to seize, take control of"
      ],
      "id": "en-sorprendre-fro-verb-XtMCMzzR",
      "links": [
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to overtake"
      ],
      "id": "en-sorprendre-fro-verb-EEaKak7R",
      "links": [
        [
          "overtake",
          "overtake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Each wanted to surprise the other",
          "ref": "c. 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut:",
          "text": "Cascuns voloit l'altre soprendre",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to surprise"
      ],
      "id": "en-sorprendre-fro-verb-dQx3lwp-",
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "surprendre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sourprendre"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorprendre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French irregular verbs",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French terms prefixed with sor-",
    "Old French third group verbs",
    "Old French verbs",
    "Old French verbs ending in -re",
    "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
    "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "surprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: surprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: surprendre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "surprise"
          },
          "expansion": "English: surprise",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from past participle"
          },
          "expansion": "(from past participle)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: surprise (from past participle)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "surprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "French: surprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: surprendre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "sorprendere",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: sorprendere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: sorprendere"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sor-",
        "3": "prendre"
      },
      "expansion": "sor- + prendre",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "1165"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in c. 1165",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pro",
        "2": "sobreprendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Occitan sobreprendre",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From sor- + prendre. First attested in c. 1165. Compare Old Occitan sobreprendre.\nSense 3 is not original and resulted from the absorption by this verb of the related sosprendre.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-prendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir sorpris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en sorprenant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreing",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreneie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreneies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreneit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreniiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreniens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreniiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreneient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣimes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣistes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprisdrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendrai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendra",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendrons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendrez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprendreient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreigne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreignes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreigne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreigniens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreignons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreigniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreignent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣisses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpreṣissent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorpren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "sorprendre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sor"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-prendre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pastp": "pris",
        "prefix": "sor",
        "pres": "pren",
        "pres1s": "preing,pren",
        "pres2s": "prenz",
        "prets": "pri",
        "prettype": "strong-sd",
        "pretu": "pre",
        "repl": "",
        "sub2": "///preigniens,preignons/preigniez/",
        "subs": "preign"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-iii"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "prendre"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to seize, take control of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to overtake"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "overtake",
          "overtake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Each wanted to surprise the other",
          "ref": "c. 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut:",
          "text": "Cascuns voloit l'altre soprendre",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to surprise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "surprendre"
    },
    {
      "word": "sourprendre"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorprendre"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sorprendre meaning in Old French (11.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.