"so-called" meaning in All languages combined

See so-called on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈsəʊˌkɔːld/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈsoʊˌkɔld/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-so-called.wav
enPR: sōʹkôld' [Received-Pronunciation] Etymology: From so + called. Etymology templates: {{compound|en|so|called}} so + called Head templates: {{en-adj|-|head=so-called}} so-called (not comparable)
  1. so named; commonly called. Tags: not-comparable Translations (so named): مَا يُسَمَّى (mā yusammā) (Arabic), այսպես կոչված (ayspes kočʻvac) (Armenian), adlanan (Azerbaijani), так зва́ны (tak zvány) (Belarusian), т.з. (t.z.) (Belarusian), така́ наре́чен (taká naréčen) (Bulgarian), 所謂 (Chinese Mandarin), 所谓 (suǒwèi) (Chinese Mandarin), takzvaný (Czech), såkaldt (Danish), zogenaamd (Dutch), zgn. (Dutch), zogeheten (Dutch), zogenoemd (Dutch), niin sanottu (Finnish), niin kutsuttu (Finnish), dénommé (French), sogenannt (German), αποκαλούμενος (apokaloúmenos) (Greek), λεγόμενος (legómenos) (Greek), נקרא כך (nikrá kakh) (Hebrew), שנקרא כך (shenikrá kakh) (Hebrew), כך נקרא (kakh nikrá) (Hebrew), úgynevezett (Hungarian), cosiddetto (Italian), 所謂 (iwayuru) (alt: いわゆる) (Japanese), 소위 (sowi) (alt: 所謂) (Korean), 이른바 (ireunba) (Korean), nuncupativus (Latin), таканаречен (takanarečen) (Macedonian), såkalt (Norwegian Bokmål), tak zwany (Polish), tzw. (Polish), dito [masculine] (Portuguese), chamado [masculine] (Portuguese), așa-numit (Romanian), așa-zis (Romanian), так называ́емый (tak nazyvájemyj) (Russian), т.н. (t.n.) (Russian), тако̀зва̄нӣ [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), takòzvānī [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), takzvaný (Slovak), tako imenovan (Slovene), så kallad (Swedish), ཟེར་བའི (zer ba'i) (Tibetan), གྲག་པའི (grag pa'i) [colloquial] (Tibetan), ཅེས་ཟེར་བ (ces zer ba) (Tibetan), ཅེས་བྱ་བ (ces bya ba) (Tibetan), ཞེས་བྱ་བ (zhes bya ba) (Tibetan), ཅེས་བྱ་ཞིང (ces bya zhing) (Tibetan), ཅེས་བྱ་སྟེ (ces bya ste) [literary] (Tibetan), так зва́ний (tak zványj) (Ukrainian), т.з. (t.z.) (Ukrainian) Translations (so named, but wrongly so): ashtuquajtur (Albanian), λεγόμενος (legómenos) (Ancient Greek), οὕτω καλούμενος (hoútō kaloúmenos) (Ancient Greek), οὕτω ὀνομαζόμενος (hoútō onomazómenos) (Ancient Greek), այսպես կոչված (ayspes kočʻvac) (Armenian), dırnaqarası (Azerbaijani), так зва́ны (tak zvány) (Belarusian), т.з. (t.z.) (Belarusian), така́ наре́чен (taká naréčen) (Bulgarian), anomenat (Catalan), dit (Catalan), 所謂嘅 (Chinese Cantonese), 所谓嘅 (so² wai⁶ ge³) (Chinese Cantonese), 所謂 (Chinese Mandarin), 所谓 (suǒwèi) (Chinese Mandarin), takzvaný (Czech), såkaldt (Danish), zogenaamd (Dutch), zgn. (Dutch), nõndanimetatud (Estonian), muka (Finnish), niin sanottu (Finnish), niin kutsuttu (Finnish), soi-disant (French), prétendu (French), sogenannt (German), sog. (German), αποκαλούμενος (apokaloúmenos) (Greek), λεγόμενος (legómenos) (Greek), δήθεν (díthen) (Greek), כביכול used as a conjunctive adverb (kiv’yakhól, k’vayaklhól) (Hebrew), not an adjective (Hebrew), कहने को (kahne ko) (Hindi), बोलने को (bolne ko) (Hindi), úgynevezett (Hungarian), cosiddetto (Italian), 所謂 (iwayuru) (alt: いわゆる) (Japanese), 소위 (sowi) (alt: 所謂) (Korean), 이른바 (ireunba) (Korean), såkalt (Norwegian Bokmål), کذایی (kazâyi) (Persian), tak zwany (Polish), tzw. (Polish), assim chamado (Portuguese), chamado (Portuguese), dito (Portuguese), suposto (Portuguese), așa-zis (Romanian), так называ́емый (tak nazyvájemyj) (Russian), т.н. (t.n.) (Russian), тако̀зва̄нӣ [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), takòzvānī [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), نام نهاد (Sindhi), tako imenovan (Slovene), llamado (Spanish), så kallad (Swedish), ཟེར་བའི (zer ba'i) (Tibetan), གྲག་པའི (grag pa'i) [colloquial] (Tibetan), ཅེས་ཟེར་བ (ces zer ba) (Tibetan), ཅེས་བྱ་བ (ces bya ba) (Tibetan), ཞེས་བྱ་བ (zhes bya ba) (Tibetan), ཅེས་བྱ་ཞིང (ces bya zhing) (Tibetan), ཅེས་བྱ་སྟེ (ces bya ste) [literary] (Tibetan), sözde (Turkish), так зва́ний (tak zványj) (Ukrainian), т.з. (t.z.) (Ukrainian), cái gọi là (Vietnamese), אַזוי גערופֿן (azoy gerufn) (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-so-called-en-adj-VEMQi5WY Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Cantonese translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Sindhi translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tibetan translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations, Terms with Yiddish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 59 41 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 85 15 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 87 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 93 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Azerbaijani translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Cantonese translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 93 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 89 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 89 11 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 89 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 93 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 93 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 93 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 84 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 93 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Sindhi translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 93 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Tibetan translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Yiddish translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of 'so named': 89 11 Disambiguation of 'so named, but wrongly so': 82 18
  2. (ironic) commonly called by such a name, but false or unfitting. Tags: ironic, not-comparable
    Sense id: en-so-called-en-adj-ePyMVGsv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: so-called dollar
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      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "so-called dollar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "so",
        "3": "called"
      },
      "expansion": "so + called",
      "name": "compound"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "From so + called.",
  "head_templates": [
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
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      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "the so-called Ising mode",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1988, Ingrid Coetzee, Gerhard-Mark Van der Waal, Conservation of Culture: Changing Context and Challenges:",
          "text": "Another Canadian example is that of the so-called Halfback Program initiated in the province of Ontario. With this scheme state lottery tickets with which no prizes are won retain 50% of the value of their initial cost […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Matty McEire, Looking for Sheville, Dog Ear Publishing, →ISBN, page 78:",
          "text": "... I hadn't met any straight women at the gay bars — a few so called \"fag hags\" fraternizing with the boys, of course, but ...",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "so named; commonly called."
      ],
      "id": "en-so-called-en-adj-VEMQi5WY",
      "links": [
        [
          "name",
          "name"
        ],
        [
          "commonly",
          "commonly"
        ],
        [
          "call",
          "call"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mā yusammā",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "مَا يُسَمَّى"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "ayspes kočʻvac",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "այսպես կոչված"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "adlanan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "tak zvány",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "так зва́ны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "t.z.",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "т.з."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "taká naréčen",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "така́ наре́чен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "所謂"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "suǒwèi",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "所谓"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "takzvaný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "såkaldt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "zogenaamd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "zgn."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "zogeheten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "zogenoemd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "niin sanottu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "niin kutsuttu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "dénommé"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "sogenannt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "apokaloúmenos",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "αποκαλούμενος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "legómenos",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "λεγόμενος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "nikrá kakh",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "נקרא כך"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "shenikrá kakh",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "שנקרא כך"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "kakh nikrá",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "כך נקרא"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "úgynevezett"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "cosiddetto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "alt": "いわゆる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "iwayuru",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "所謂"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "alt": "所謂",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "sowi",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "소위"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "ireunba",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "이른바"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "nuncupativus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "takanarečen",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "таканаречен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "såkalt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "tak zwany"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "tzw."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "so named",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dito"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "so named",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chamado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "așa-numit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "așa-zis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tak nazyvájemyj",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "так называ́емый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "t.n.",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "т.н."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "so named",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "тако̀зва̄нӣ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "so named",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "takòzvānī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "takzvaný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "tako imenovan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "så kallad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "zer ba'i",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "ཟེར་བའི"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "grag pa'i",
          "sense": "so named",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial"
          ],
          "word": "གྲག་པའི"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ces zer ba",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "ཅེས་ཟེར་བ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ces bya ba",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་བ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "zhes bya ba",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "ཞེས་བྱ་བ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ces bya zhing",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་ཞིང"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ces bya ste",
          "sense": "so named",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་སྟེ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "tak zványj",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "так зва́ний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "t.z.",
          "sense": "so named",
          "word": "т.з."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "ashtuquajtur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "ayspes kočʻvac",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "այսպես կոչված"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "dırnaqarası"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "tak zvány",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "так зва́ны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "t.z.",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "т.з."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "taká naréčen",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "така́ наре́чен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "anomenat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "dit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "所謂嘅"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "so² wai⁶ ge³",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "所谓嘅"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "所謂"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "suǒwèi",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "所谓"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "takzvaný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "såkaldt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "zogenaamd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "zgn."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "nõndanimetatud"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "muka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "niin sanottu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "niin kutsuttu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "soi-disant"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "prétendu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "sogenannt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "sog."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "apokaloúmenos",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "αποκαλούμενος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "legómenos",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "λεγόμενος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "díthen",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "δήθεν"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "legómenos",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "λεγόμενος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "hoútō kaloúmenos",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "οὕτω καλούμενος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "hoútō onomazómenos",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "οὕτω ὀνομαζόμενος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "kiv’yakhól, k’vayaklhól",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "כביכול used as a conjunctive adverb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "not an adjective"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "kahne ko",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "कहने को"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "bolne ko",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "बोलने को"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "úgynevezett"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "cosiddetto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "alt": "いわゆる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "iwayuru",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "所謂"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "alt": "所謂",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "sowi",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "소위"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "ireunba",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "이른바"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "såkalt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "kazâyi",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "کذایی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "tak zwany"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "tzw."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "assim chamado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "chamado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "dito"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "suposto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "așa-zis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tak nazyvájemyj",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "так называ́емый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "t.n.",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "т.н."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "тако̀зва̄нӣ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "takòzvānī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "sd",
          "lang": "Sindhi",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "نام نهاد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "tako imenovan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "llamado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "så kallad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "zer ba'i",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "ཟེར་བའི"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "grag pa'i",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial"
          ],
          "word": "གྲག་པའི"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ces zer ba",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "ཅེས་ཟེར་བ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ces bya ba",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་བ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "zhes bya ba",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "ཞེས་བྱ་བ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ces bya zhing",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་ཞིང"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ces bya ste",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་སྟེ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "sözde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "tak zványj",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "так зва́ний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "t.z.",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "т.з."
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "cái gọi là"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "azoy gerufn",
          "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
          "word": "אַזוי גערופֿן"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "These so-called \"assistants\" are making our jobs harder, not easier!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895, Marie Corelli, The Sorrows of Satan, →OCLC, page 5:",
          "text": "[…]dawdling away the hours in the Park as if all the world and its millions of honest hard workers were created solely for the casual diversion of the so-called 'upper' classes,[…]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "commonly called by such a name, but false or unfitting."
      ],
      "id": "en-so-called-en-adj-ePyMVGsv",
      "links": [
        [
          "ironic",
          "irony"
        ],
        [
          "commonly",
          "commonly"
        ],
        [
          "call",
          "call"
        ],
        [
          "name",
          "name"
        ],
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ],
        [
          "unfitting",
          "unfitting"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ironic) commonly called by such a name, but false or unfitting."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ironic",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "sōʹkôld'",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsəʊˌkɔːld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsoʊˌkɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-so-called.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-so-called.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-so-called.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-so-called.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-so-called.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "so-called"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English compound terms",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Cantonese translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Sindhi translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tibetan translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "so-called dollar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "so",
        "3": "called"
      },
      "expansion": "so + called",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From so + called.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "head": "so-called"
      },
      "expansion": "so-called (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "the so-called Ising mode",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1988, Ingrid Coetzee, Gerhard-Mark Van der Waal, Conservation of Culture: Changing Context and Challenges:",
          "text": "Another Canadian example is that of the so-called Halfback Program initiated in the province of Ontario. With this scheme state lottery tickets with which no prizes are won retain 50% of the value of their initial cost […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Matty McEire, Looking for Sheville, Dog Ear Publishing, →ISBN, page 78:",
          "text": "... I hadn't met any straight women at the gay bars — a few so called \"fag hags\" fraternizing with the boys, of course, but ...",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "so named; commonly called."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "name",
          "name"
        ],
        [
          "commonly",
          "commonly"
        ],
        [
          "call",
          "call"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "These so-called \"assistants\" are making our jobs harder, not easier!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895, Marie Corelli, The Sorrows of Satan, →OCLC, page 5:",
          "text": "[…]dawdling away the hours in the Park as if all the world and its millions of honest hard workers were created solely for the casual diversion of the so-called 'upper' classes,[…]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "commonly called by such a name, but false or unfitting."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ironic",
          "irony"
        ],
        [
          "commonly",
          "commonly"
        ],
        [
          "call",
          "call"
        ],
        [
          "name",
          "name"
        ],
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ],
        [
          "unfitting",
          "unfitting"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ironic) commonly called by such a name, but false or unfitting."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ironic",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "sōʹkôld'",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsəʊˌkɔːld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsoʊˌkɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-so-called.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-so-called.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-so-called.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-so-called.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-so-called.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mā yusammā",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "مَا يُسَمَّى"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "ayspes kočʻvac",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "այսպես կոչված"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "adlanan"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "tak zvány",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "так зва́ны"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "t.z.",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "т.з."
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "taká naréčen",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "така́ наре́чен"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "所謂"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "suǒwèi",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "所谓"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "takzvaný"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "såkaldt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "zogenaamd"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "zgn."
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "zogeheten"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "zogenoemd"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "niin sanottu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "niin kutsuttu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "dénommé"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "sogenannt"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apokaloúmenos",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "αποκαλούμενος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "legómenos",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "λεγόμενος"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "nikrá kakh",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "נקרא כך"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "shenikrá kakh",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "שנקרא כך"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "kakh nikrá",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "כך נקרא"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "úgynevezett"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "cosiddetto"
    },
    {
      "alt": "いわゆる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "iwayuru",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "所謂"
    },
    {
      "alt": "所謂",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "sowi",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "소위"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "ireunba",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "이른바"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "nuncupativus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "takanarečen",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "таканаречен"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "såkalt"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "tak zwany"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "tzw."
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "so named",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dito"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "so named",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chamado"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "așa-numit"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "așa-zis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tak nazyvájemyj",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "так называ́емый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "t.n.",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "т.н."
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "so named",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "тако̀зва̄нӣ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "so named",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "takòzvānī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "takzvaný"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "tako imenovan"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "så kallad"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "zer ba'i",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "ཟེར་བའི"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "grag pa'i",
      "sense": "so named",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "གྲག་པའི"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ces zer ba",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "ཅེས་ཟེར་བ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ces bya ba",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་བ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "zhes bya ba",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "ཞེས་བྱ་བ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ces bya zhing",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་ཞིང"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ces bya ste",
      "sense": "so named",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་སྟེ"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "tak zványj",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "так зва́ний"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "t.z.",
      "sense": "so named",
      "word": "т.з."
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "ashtuquajtur"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "ayspes kočʻvac",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "այսպես կոչված"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "dırnaqarası"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "tak zvány",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "так зва́ны"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "t.z.",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "т.з."
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "taká naréčen",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "така́ наре́чен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "anomenat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "dit"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "所謂嘅"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "so² wai⁶ ge³",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "所谓嘅"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "所謂"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "suǒwèi",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "所谓"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "takzvaný"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "såkaldt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "zogenaamd"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "zgn."
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "nõndanimetatud"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "muka"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "niin sanottu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "niin kutsuttu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "soi-disant"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "prétendu"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "sogenannt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "sog."
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apokaloúmenos",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "αποκαλούμενος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "legómenos",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "λεγόμενος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "díthen",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "δήθεν"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "legómenos",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "λεγόμενος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "hoútō kaloúmenos",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "οὕτω καλούμενος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "hoútō onomazómenos",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "οὕτω ὀνομαζόμενος"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "kiv’yakhól, k’vayaklhól",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "כביכול used as a conjunctive adverb"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "not an adjective"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kahne ko",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "कहने को"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "bolne ko",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "बोलने को"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "úgynevezett"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "cosiddetto"
    },
    {
      "alt": "いわゆる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "iwayuru",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "所謂"
    },
    {
      "alt": "所謂",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "sowi",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "소위"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "ireunba",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "이른바"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "såkalt"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "kazâyi",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "کذایی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "tak zwany"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "tzw."
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "assim chamado"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "chamado"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "dito"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "suposto"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "așa-zis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tak nazyvájemyj",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "так называ́емый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "t.n.",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "т.н."
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "тако̀зва̄нӣ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "takòzvānī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sd",
      "lang": "Sindhi",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "نام نهاد"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "tako imenovan"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "llamado"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "så kallad"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "zer ba'i",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "ཟེར་བའི"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "grag pa'i",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "གྲག་པའི"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ces zer ba",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "ཅེས་ཟེར་བ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ces bya ba",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་བ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "zhes bya ba",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "ཞེས་བྱ་བ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ces bya zhing",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་ཞིང"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ces bya ste",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "ཅེས་བྱ་སྟེ"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "sözde"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "tak zványj",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "так зва́ний"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "t.z.",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "т.з."
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "cái gọi là"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "azoy gerufn",
      "sense": "so named, but wrongly so",
      "word": "אַזוי גערופֿן"
    }
  ],
  "word": "so-called"
}

Download raw JSONL data for so-called meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "translations/611",
  "msg": "suspicious translation with 'used ': {'lang': 'Hebrew', 'code': 'he', 'sense': 'so named, but wrongly so', 'roman': 'kiv’yakhól, k’vayaklhól', 'word': 'כביכול used as a conjunctive adverb'}",
  "path": [
    "so-called"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "so-called",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.