See rudzi on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*rugís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrugʰís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "rugỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian rugỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "rugis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian rugis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rъžь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rъžь",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "рожь"
},
"expansion": "Russian рожь (rožʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "рожь"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian рожь (rožʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ръж"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian ръж (rǎž)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "rež"
},
"expansion": "Czech rež",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "reż"
},
"expansion": "Polish reż",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rocko"
},
"expansion": "Old High German rocko",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ryge"
},
"expansion": "Old English ryge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Danish rug",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Cognates include Lithuanian rugỹs, rugiaĩ, Old Prussian rugis, ruggis, Proto-Slavic *rъžь (Russian рожь (rožʹ), Ukrainian рожь (rožʹ), Bulgarian ръж (rǎž), Czech rež, Polish reż), Proto-Germanic *rugiz (Old High German rocko, German Roggen, Dutch rogge, Old English ryge, English rye,\nOld Norse rugr, Swedish råg, Danish rug).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudziem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudziem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rudzi m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "rudzi m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rudz",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"4": "no-sg",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rudz",
"2": "s",
"4": "no-sg",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"10": "rudziem",
"11": "-",
"12": "rudzos",
"13": "-",
"14": "rudzi",
"2": "rudzi",
"3": "-",
"4": "rudzus",
"5": "-",
"6": "rudzu",
"7": "-",
"8": "rudziem",
"9": "-",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "lv:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rudzu maize"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sow, to mow rye",
"text": "sēt, pļaut rudzus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the animals went into the rye (field)",
"text": "lopi sagājuši rudzos",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "portion of rye",
"text": "pūrs rudzu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to pound rye",
"text": "malt rudzus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "rye bread",
"text": "rudzu maize",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rye (a grass, Secale sereale, or its grains, used for food or fodder)"
],
"id": "en-rudzi-lv-noun-2wnw2lyJ",
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"fodder",
"fodder#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:rudzi"
]
}
],
"word": "rudzi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "rudzi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧dzi"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rudy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"virile nominative/vocative plural of rudy"
],
"id": "en-rudzi-pl-adj-JzF55tQv",
"links": [
[
"rudy",
"rudy#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"virile",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.d͡ʑi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ud͡ʑi"
}
],
"word": "rudzi"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rudzu maize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*rugís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrugʰís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "rugỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian rugỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "rugis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian rugis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rъžь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rъžь",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "рожь"
},
"expansion": "Russian рожь (rožʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "рожь"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian рожь (rožʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ръж"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian ръж (rǎž)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "rež"
},
"expansion": "Czech rež",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "reż"
},
"expansion": "Polish reż",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rocko"
},
"expansion": "Old High German rocko",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ryge"
},
"expansion": "Old English ryge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Danish rug",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Cognates include Lithuanian rugỹs, rugiaĩ, Old Prussian rugis, ruggis, Proto-Slavic *rъžь (Russian рожь (rožʹ), Ukrainian рожь (rožʹ), Bulgarian ръж (rǎž), Czech rež, Polish reż), Proto-Germanic *rugiz (Old High German rocko, German Roggen, Dutch rogge, Old English ryge, English rye,\nOld Norse rugr, Swedish råg, Danish rug).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudziem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudziem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rudzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rudzi m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "rudzi m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rudz",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"4": "no-sg",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rudz",
"2": "s",
"4": "no-sg",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"10": "rudziem",
"11": "-",
"12": "rudzos",
"13": "-",
"14": "rudzi",
"2": "rudzi",
"3": "-",
"4": "rudzus",
"5": "-",
"6": "rudzu",
"7": "-",
"8": "rudziem",
"9": "-",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian noun forms",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian pluralia tantum",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for audio pronunciation in Latvian entries",
"lv:Grains"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sow, to mow rye",
"text": "sēt, pļaut rudzus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the animals went into the rye (field)",
"text": "lopi sagājuši rudzos",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "portion of rye",
"text": "pūrs rudzu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to pound rye",
"text": "malt rudzus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "rye bread",
"text": "rudzu maize",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rye (a grass, Secale sereale, or its grains, used for food or fodder)"
],
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"fodder",
"fodder#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:rudzi"
]
}
],
"word": "rudzi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "rudzi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧dzi"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjective forms",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ud͡ʑi",
"Rhymes:Polish/ud͡ʑi/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rudy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"virile nominative/vocative plural of rudy"
],
"links": [
[
"rudy",
"rudy#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"virile",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.d͡ʑi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ud͡ʑi"
}
],
"word": "rudzi"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rudzi meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.