"qualm" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "qualmish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "qualmishly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "qualmishness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "qualmy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷelH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "qualm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English qualm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cwealm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cwealm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\""
      },
      "expansion": "(West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\")",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Anglian: \"utter destruction\""
      },
      "expansion": "(Anglian: \"utter destruction\")",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kwalm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "killing, death, destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "kwalm"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kwalm",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Qualm",
        "t": "steam, vapor, mist"
      },
      "expansion": "German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "quellen",
        "t": "to stream, well up"
      },
      "expansion": "German quellen (“to stream, well up”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \"utter destruction\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \"pang of apprehension, etc.\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "qualms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "qualm (plural qualms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "quell"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:",
          "text": "[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:",
          "text": "\"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?\" / \"Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway.[…]\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club:",
          "text": "Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-en-noun-9lDMeCfs",
      "links": [
        [
          "apprehension",
          "apprehension"
        ],
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ],
        [
          "fear",
          "fear"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bezpokojstvo",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "безпокойство"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "opasenie",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "опасение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "pochybnosti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "obavy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "rozpaky"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "angstgevoel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "onbehagen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "bedenking"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "onzekerheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "twijfel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "epävarmuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "epäilys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "appréhension"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "eč̣vi",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "ეჭვი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "merq̇eoba",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "მერყეობა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "dabneuloba",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "დაბნეულობა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dubbio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "apprensione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "paura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "potau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "apreensão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "receio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "somnénije",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "сомне́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rastérjannostʹ",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "расте́рянность"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "zábrany"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "pochybnosti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "obavy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aprensión"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "word": "betänklighet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "sumniv",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сумнів"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pobojuvannja",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "побоювання"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 32 5 3 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vahannja",
          "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "вагання"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness."
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-en-noun-SAHnQnxj",
      "links": [
        [
          "sickly",
          "sickly"
        ],
        [
          "feeling",
          "feeling"
        ],
        [
          "queasiness",
          "queasiness"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prilošavane",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "прилошаване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "gadene",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "гадене"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "(lehká) nevolnost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "word": "braakkneiging"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "word": "(plotse) onpasselijkheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "word": "(aanval van) misselijkheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "word": "kuvotus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "word": "etominen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "gulis reva",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "word": "გულის რევა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "word": "potau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mal-estar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "greață"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tošnotá",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "тошнота́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "reparo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nudota",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "нудота"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 73 4 4 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "mlistʹ",
          "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "млість"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English negative polarity items",
          "parents": [
            "Negative polarity items",
            "Terms by semantic function"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt."
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-en-noun-4MnW9MPp",
      "links": [
        [
          "conscience",
          "conscience"
        ],
        [
          "scruple",
          "scruple"
        ],
        [
          "pang",
          "pang"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in the negative"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ugrizenie",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "угризение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "výčitky"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "word": "skrupule"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "word": "gewetensaanval"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "gewetensbezwaar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "scrupule"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "word": "wroeging"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "word": "tunnontuska"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "scrupule"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "sindisis kenǯna",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "word": "სინდისის ქენჯნა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Gewissensbisse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "scrupolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "word": "potau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escrúpulo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "scrupul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "compuncțiune"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ugryzénija sóvesti",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "neuter",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "угрызе́ния со́вести"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "zábrany"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escrúpulo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "samvetskval"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 81 12 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "dokory sumlinnja",
          "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "докори сумління"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 4 13 56 16 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 11 10 50 6 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 6 42 8 3 14 3 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 5 29 4 5 18 4 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 9 15 45 14 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 8 17 48 12 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 11 11 49 6 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 13 46 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 10 12 50 5 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 19 46 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 11 10 50 8 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 11 58 15 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 9 57 6 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 9 57 6 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 13 46 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 13 47 14 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 13 46 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 9 57 6 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 13 46 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 13 54 5 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 9 13 47 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 13 46 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mortality; plague; pestilence."
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-en-noun-5zNn-BTx",
      "links": [
        [
          "Mortality",
          "mortality"
        ],
        [
          "plague",
          "plague"
        ],
        [
          "pestilence",
          "pestilence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "archaic",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A calamity or disaster."
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-en-noun-JcrUxdCu",
      "links": [
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ],
        [
          "disaster",
          "disaster"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "archaic",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɔːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɔm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑlm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwæm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːlm"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "compunction"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "misgiving"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "scruple"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "unease"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "uneasiness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "apprehension"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "calm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "qualm"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷelH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "qualm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English qualm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cwealm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cwealm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\""
      },
      "expansion": "(West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\")",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Anglian: \"utter destruction\""
      },
      "expansion": "(Anglian: \"utter destruction\")",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kwalm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "killing, death, destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "kwalm"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kwalm",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Qualm",
        "t": "steam, vapor, mist"
      },
      "expansion": "German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "quellen",
        "t": "to stream, well up"
      },
      "expansion": "German quellen (“to stream, well up”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \"utter destruction\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \"pang of apprehension, etc.\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "qualms",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "qualming",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "qualmed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "qualmed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To have a sickly feeling."
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-en-verb-NWoLbrEG",
      "links": [
        [
          "sickly",
          "sickly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɔːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɔm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑlm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwæm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːlm"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "calm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "qualm"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "qualm"
          },
          "expansion": "English: qualm",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: qualm (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "qualm"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: qualm",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: qualm (possibly)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cwealm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cwealm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kwalm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English cwealm, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "qualm",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 5 29 4 5 18 4 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 26 9",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Death",
          "orig": "enm:Death",
          "parents": [
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 25 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Disease",
          "orig": "enm:Disease",
          "parents": [
            "Health",
            "Body",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Plague, disease or sickness; that which afflicts."
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-enm-noun-ZClQszU-"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The effects, fruits, or ravages of plague."
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-enm-noun-9SDPHEo7"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 5 29 4 5 18 4 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 4 23 3 4 22 3 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 4 66",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Killing (as a concept or as an instance)"
      ],
      "id": "en-qualm-enm-noun-3T4dPp5n",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Killing (as a concept or as an instance)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kwalm/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cwalm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cualm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "qwalm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "qualme"
    }
  ],
  "word": "qualm"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Dutch",
    "English terms borrowed from German",
    "English terms derived from Dutch",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Latin translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːlm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "enm:Death",
    "enm:Disease",
    "enm:Emotions"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "qualmish"
    },
    {
      "word": "qualmishly"
    },
    {
      "word": "qualmishness"
    },
    {
      "word": "qualmy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷelH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "qualm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English qualm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cwealm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cwealm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\""
      },
      "expansion": "(West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\")",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Anglian: \"utter destruction\""
      },
      "expansion": "(Anglian: \"utter destruction\")",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kwalm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "killing, death, destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "kwalm"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kwalm",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Qualm",
        "t": "steam, vapor, mist"
      },
      "expansion": "German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "quellen",
        "t": "to stream, well up"
      },
      "expansion": "German quellen (“to stream, well up”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \"utter destruction\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \"pang of apprehension, etc.\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "qualms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "qualm (plural qualms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "quell"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:",
          "text": "[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:",
          "text": "\"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?\" / \"Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway.[…]\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club:",
          "text": "Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "apprehension",
          "apprehension"
        ],
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ],
        [
          "fear",
          "fear"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sickly",
          "sickly"
        ],
        [
          "feeling",
          "feeling"
        ],
        [
          "queasiness",
          "queasiness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English negative polarity items",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "conscience",
          "conscience"
        ],
        [
          "scruple",
          "scruple"
        ],
        [
          "pang",
          "pang"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in the negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mortality; plague; pestilence."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Mortality",
          "mortality"
        ],
        [
          "plague",
          "plague"
        ],
        [
          "pestilence",
          "pestilence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "archaic",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A calamity or disaster."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ],
        [
          "disaster",
          "disaster"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "archaic",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɔːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɔm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑlm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwæm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːlm"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "compunction"
    },
    {
      "word": "misgiving"
    },
    {
      "word": "scruple"
    },
    {
      "word": "unease"
    },
    {
      "word": "uneasiness"
    },
    {
      "word": "apprehension"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "calm"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bezpokojstvo",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "безпокойство"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "opasenie",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "опасение"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "pochybnosti"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "obavy"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "rozpaky"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "angstgevoel"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "onbehagen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "bedenking"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "onzekerheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "twijfel"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "epävarmuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "epäilys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "appréhension"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "eč̣vi",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "ეჭვი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "merq̇eoba",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "მერყეობა"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "dabneuloba",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "დაბნეულობა"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dubbio"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "apprensione"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "paura"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "potau"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "apreensão"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "receio"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "somnénije",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "сомне́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rastérjannostʹ",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "расте́рянность"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "zábrany"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "pochybnosti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "obavy"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aprensión"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "word": "betänklighet"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "sumniv",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сумнів"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pobojuvannja",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "побоювання"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vahannja",
      "sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "вагання"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prilošavane",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "прилошаване"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "gadene",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "гадене"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "(lehká) nevolnost"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "word": "braakkneiging"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "word": "(plotse) onpasselijkheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "word": "(aanval van) misselijkheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "word": "kuvotus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "word": "etominen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "gulis reva",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "word": "გულის რევა"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "word": "potau"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mal-estar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "greață"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tošnotá",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тошнота́"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "reparo"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nudota",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "нудота"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "mlistʹ",
      "sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "млість"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ugrizenie",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "угризение"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "výčitky"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "word": "skrupule"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "word": "gewetensaanval"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "gewetensbezwaar"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "scrupule"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "word": "wroeging"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "word": "tunnontuska"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "scrupule"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "sindisis kenǯna",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "word": "სინდისის ქენჯნა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Gewissensbisse"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "scrupolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "word": "potau"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escrúpulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "scrupul"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "compuncțiune"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ugryzénija sóvesti",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "угрызе́ния со́вести"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "zábrany"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escrúpulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "samvetskval"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "dokory sumlinnja",
      "sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "докори сумління"
    }
  ],
  "word": "qualm"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Dutch",
    "English terms borrowed from German",
    "English terms derived from Dutch",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Latin translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːlm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "enm:Death",
    "enm:Disease",
    "enm:Emotions"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷelH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "qualm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English qualm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cwealm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cwealm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\""
      },
      "expansion": "(West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\")",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Anglian: \"utter destruction\""
      },
      "expansion": "(Anglian: \"utter destruction\")",
      "name": "gloss"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kwalm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "killing, death, destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "kwalm"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kwalm",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Qualm",
        "t": "steam, vapor, mist"
      },
      "expansion": "German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "quellen",
        "t": "to stream, well up"
      },
      "expansion": "German quellen (“to stream, well up”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \"utter destruction\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \"pang of apprehension, etc.\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "qualms",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "qualming",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "qualmed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "qualmed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To have a sickly feeling."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sickly",
          "sickly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɔːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɔm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwɑlm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kwæm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːlm"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "calm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "qualm"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Death",
    "enm:Disease",
    "enm:Emotions"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "qualm"
          },
          "expansion": "English: qualm",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: qualm (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "qualm"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: qualm",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: qualm (possibly)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cwealm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cwealm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kwalm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English cwealm, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "qualm",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Plague, disease or sickness; that which afflicts."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The effects, fruits, or ravages of plague."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Killing (as a concept or as an instance)"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Killing (as a concept or as an instance)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kwalm/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "cwalm"
    },
    {
      "word": "cualm"
    },
    {
      "word": "qwalm"
    },
    {
      "word": "qualme"
    }
  ],
  "word": "qualm"
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"qualmish\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishly\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishness\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmy\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (plural qualms)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"quell\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:\", \"text\": \"[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:\", \"text\": \"\\\"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?\\\" / \\\"Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway.[…]\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club:\", \"text\": \"Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.\"], \"links\": [[\"apprehension\", \"apprehension\"], [\"doubt\", \"doubt\"], [\"fear\", \"fear\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"], [\"feeling\", \"feeling\"], [\"queasiness\", \"queasiness\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English negative polarity items\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"links\": [[\"conscience\", \"conscience\"], [\"scruple\", \"scruple\"], [\"pang\", \"pang\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"in the negative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"links\": [[\"Mortality\", \"mortality\"], [\"plague\", \"plague\"], [\"pestilence\", \"pestilence\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A calamity or disaster.\"], \"links\": [[\"calamity\", \"calamity\"], [\"disaster\", \"disaster\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"compunction\"}, {\"word\": \"misgiving\"}, {\"word\": \"scruple\"}, {\"word\": \"unease\"}, {\"word\": \"uneasiness\"}, {\"word\": \"apprehension\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bezpokojstvo\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"безпокойство\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opasenie\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"опасение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"rozpaky\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"angstgevoel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"onbehagen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"bedenking\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"onzekerheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"twijfel\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epävarmuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epäilys\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"appréhension\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"eč̣vi\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"ეჭვი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"merq̇eoba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"მერყეობა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dabneuloba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"დაბნეულობა\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dubbio\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apprensione\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"paura\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apreensão\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"receio\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"somnénije\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"сомне́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rastérjannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"расте́рянность\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"aprensión\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"betänklighet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sumniv\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сумнів\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pobojuvannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"побоювання\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"vahannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"вагання\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"prilošavane\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"прилошаване\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"gadene\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"гадене\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"(lehká) nevolnost\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"braakkneiging\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(plotse) onpasselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(aanval van) misselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"kuvotus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"etominen\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gulis reva\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"გულის რევა\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"mal-estar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"greață\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"tošnotá\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"тошнота́\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"reparo\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"nudota\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"нудота\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"mlistʹ\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"млість\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ugrizenie\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"угризение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"výčitky\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"skrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"gewetensaanval\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"gewetensbezwaar\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"wroeging\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"tunnontuska\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"sindisis kenǯna\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"სინდისის ქენჯნა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"Gewissensbisse\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupolo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"scrupul\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"compuncțiune\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ugryzénija sóvesti\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"угрызе́ния со́вести\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"samvetskval\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"dokory sumlinnja\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"докори сумління\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"qualmish\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishly\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishness\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmy\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (plural qualms)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"quell\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:\", \"text\": \"[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:\", \"text\": \"\\\"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?\\\" / \\\"Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway.[…]\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club:\", \"text\": \"Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.\"], \"links\": [[\"apprehension\", \"apprehension\"], [\"doubt\", \"doubt\"], [\"fear\", \"fear\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"], [\"feeling\", \"feeling\"], [\"queasiness\", \"queasiness\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English negative polarity items\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"links\": [[\"conscience\", \"conscience\"], [\"scruple\", \"scruple\"], [\"pang\", \"pang\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"in the negative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"links\": [[\"Mortality\", \"mortality\"], [\"plague\", \"plague\"], [\"pestilence\", \"pestilence\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A calamity or disaster.\"], \"links\": [[\"calamity\", \"calamity\"], [\"disaster\", \"disaster\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"compunction\"}, {\"word\": \"misgiving\"}, {\"word\": \"scruple\"}, {\"word\": \"unease\"}, {\"word\": \"uneasiness\"}, {\"word\": \"apprehension\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bezpokojstvo\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"безпокойство\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opasenie\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"опасение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"rozpaky\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"angstgevoel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"onbehagen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"bedenking\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"onzekerheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"twijfel\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epävarmuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epäilys\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"appréhension\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"eč̣vi\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"ეჭვი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"merq̇eoba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"მერყეობა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dabneuloba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"დაბნეულობა\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dubbio\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apprensione\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"paura\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apreensão\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"receio\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"somnénije\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"сомне́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rastérjannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"расте́рянность\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"aprensión\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"betänklighet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sumniv\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сумнів\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pobojuvannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"побоювання\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"vahannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"вагання\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"prilošavane\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"прилошаване\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"gadene\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"гадене\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"(lehká) nevolnost\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"braakkneiging\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(plotse) onpasselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(aanval van) misselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"kuvotus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"etominen\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gulis reva\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"გულის რევა\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"mal-estar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"greață\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"tošnotá\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"тошнота́\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"reparo\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"nudota\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"нудота\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"mlistʹ\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"млість\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ugrizenie\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"угризение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"výčitky\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"skrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"gewetensaanval\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"gewetensbezwaar\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"wroeging\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"tunnontuska\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"sindisis kenǯna\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"სინდისის ქენჯნა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"Gewissensbisse\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupolo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"scrupul\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"compuncțiune\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ugryzénija sóvesti\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"угрызе́ния со́вести\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"samvetskval\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"dokory sumlinnja\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"докори сумління\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"qualmish\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishly\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishness\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmy\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (plural qualms)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"quell\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:\", \"text\": \"[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:\", \"text\": \"\\\"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?\\\" / \\\"Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway.[…]\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club:\", \"text\": \"Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.\"], \"links\": [[\"apprehension\", \"apprehension\"], [\"doubt\", \"doubt\"], [\"fear\", \"fear\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"], [\"feeling\", \"feeling\"], [\"queasiness\", \"queasiness\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English negative polarity items\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"links\": [[\"conscience\", \"conscience\"], [\"scruple\", \"scruple\"], [\"pang\", \"pang\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"in the negative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"links\": [[\"Mortality\", \"mortality\"], [\"plague\", \"plague\"], [\"pestilence\", \"pestilence\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A calamity or disaster.\"], \"links\": [[\"calamity\", \"calamity\"], [\"disaster\", \"disaster\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"compunction\"}, {\"word\": \"misgiving\"}, {\"word\": \"scruple\"}, {\"word\": \"unease\"}, {\"word\": \"uneasiness\"}, {\"word\": \"apprehension\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bezpokojstvo\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"безпокойство\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opasenie\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"опасение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"rozpaky\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"angstgevoel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"onbehagen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"bedenking\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"onzekerheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"twijfel\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epävarmuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epäilys\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"appréhension\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"eč̣vi\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"ეჭვი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"merq̇eoba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"მერყეობა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dabneuloba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"დაბნეულობა\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dubbio\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apprensione\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"paura\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apreensão\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"receio\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"somnénije\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"сомне́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rastérjannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"расте́рянность\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"aprensión\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"betänklighet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sumniv\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сумнів\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pobojuvannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"побоювання\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"vahannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"вагання\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"prilošavane\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"прилошаване\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"gadene\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"гадене\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"(lehká) nevolnost\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"braakkneiging\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(plotse) onpasselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(aanval van) misselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"kuvotus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"etominen\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gulis reva\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"გულის რევა\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"mal-estar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"greață\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"tošnotá\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"тошнота́\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"reparo\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"nudota\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"нудота\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"mlistʹ\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"млість\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ugrizenie\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"угризение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"výčitky\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"skrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"gewetensaanval\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"gewetensbezwaar\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"wroeging\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"tunnontuska\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"sindisis kenǯna\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"სინდისის ქენჯნა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"Gewissensbisse\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupolo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"scrupul\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"compuncțiune\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ugryzénija sóvesti\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"угрызе́ния со́вести\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"samvetskval\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"dokory sumlinnja\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"докори сумління\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"qualmish\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishly\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishness\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmy\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (plural qualms)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"quell\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:\", \"text\": \"[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:\", \"text\": \"\\\"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?\\\" / \\\"Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway.[…]\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club:\", \"text\": \"Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.\"], \"links\": [[\"apprehension\", \"apprehension\"], [\"doubt\", \"doubt\"], [\"fear\", \"fear\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"], [\"feeling\", \"feeling\"], [\"queasiness\", \"queasiness\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English negative polarity items\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"links\": [[\"conscience\", \"conscience\"], [\"scruple\", \"scruple\"], [\"pang\", \"pang\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"in the negative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"links\": [[\"Mortality\", \"mortality\"], [\"plague\", \"plague\"], [\"pestilence\", \"pestilence\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A calamity or disaster.\"], \"links\": [[\"calamity\", \"calamity\"], [\"disaster\", \"disaster\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"compunction\"}, {\"word\": \"misgiving\"}, {\"word\": \"scruple\"}, {\"word\": \"unease\"}, {\"word\": \"uneasiness\"}, {\"word\": \"apprehension\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bezpokojstvo\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"безпокойство\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opasenie\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"опасение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"rozpaky\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"angstgevoel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"onbehagen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"bedenking\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"onzekerheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"twijfel\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epävarmuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epäilys\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"appréhension\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"eč̣vi\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"ეჭვი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"merq̇eoba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"მერყეობა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dabneuloba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"დაბნეულობა\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dubbio\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apprensione\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"paura\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apreensão\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"receio\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"somnénije\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"сомне́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rastérjannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"расте́рянность\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"aprensión\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"betänklighet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sumniv\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сумнів\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pobojuvannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"побоювання\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"vahannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"вагання\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"prilošavane\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"прилошаване\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"gadene\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"гадене\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"(lehká) nevolnost\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"braakkneiging\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(plotse) onpasselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(aanval van) misselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"kuvotus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"etominen\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gulis reva\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"გულის რევა\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"mal-estar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"greață\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"tošnotá\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"тошнота́\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"reparo\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"nudota\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"нудота\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"mlistʹ\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"млість\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ugrizenie\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"угризение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"výčitky\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"skrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"gewetensaanval\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"gewetensbezwaar\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"wroeging\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"tunnontuska\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"sindisis kenǯna\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"სინდისის ქენჯნა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"Gewissensbisse\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupolo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"scrupul\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"compuncțiune\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ugryzénija sóvesti\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"угрызе́ния со́вести\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"samvetskval\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"dokory sumlinnja\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"докори сумління\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"qualmish\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishly\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishness\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmy\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (plural qualms)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"quell\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:\", \"text\": \"[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:\", \"text\": \"\\\"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?\\\" / \\\"Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway.[…]\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club:\", \"text\": \"Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.\"], \"links\": [[\"apprehension\", \"apprehension\"], [\"doubt\", \"doubt\"], [\"fear\", \"fear\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"], [\"feeling\", \"feeling\"], [\"queasiness\", \"queasiness\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English negative polarity items\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"links\": [[\"conscience\", \"conscience\"], [\"scruple\", \"scruple\"], [\"pang\", \"pang\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"in the negative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"links\": [[\"Mortality\", \"mortality\"], [\"plague\", \"plague\"], [\"pestilence\", \"pestilence\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A calamity or disaster.\"], \"links\": [[\"calamity\", \"calamity\"], [\"disaster\", \"disaster\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"compunction\"}, {\"word\": \"misgiving\"}, {\"word\": \"scruple\"}, {\"word\": \"unease\"}, {\"word\": \"uneasiness\"}, {\"word\": \"apprehension\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bezpokojstvo\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"безпокойство\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opasenie\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"опасение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"rozpaky\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"angstgevoel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"onbehagen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"bedenking\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"onzekerheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"twijfel\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epävarmuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epäilys\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"appréhension\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"eč̣vi\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"ეჭვი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"merq̇eoba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"მერყეობა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dabneuloba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"დაბნეულობა\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dubbio\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apprensione\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"paura\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apreensão\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"receio\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"somnénije\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"сомне́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rastérjannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"расте́рянность\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"aprensión\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"betänklighet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sumniv\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сумнів\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pobojuvannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"побоювання\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"vahannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"вагання\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"prilošavane\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"прилошаване\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"gadene\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"гадене\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"(lehká) nevolnost\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"braakkneiging\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(plotse) onpasselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(aanval van) misselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"kuvotus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"etominen\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gulis reva\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"გულის რევა\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"mal-estar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"greață\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"tošnotá\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"тошнота́\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"reparo\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"nudota\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"нудота\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"mlistʹ\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"млість\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ugrizenie\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"угризение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"výčitky\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"skrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"gewetensaanval\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"gewetensbezwaar\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"wroeging\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"tunnontuska\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"sindisis kenǯna\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"სინდისის ქენჯნა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"Gewissensbisse\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupolo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"scrupul\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"compuncțiune\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ugryzénija sóvesti\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"угрызе́ния со́вести\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"samvetskval\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"dokory sumlinnja\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"докори сумління\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"qualmish\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishly\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmishness\"}, {\"word\": \"qualmy\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (plural qualms)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"quell\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:\", \"text\": \"[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:\", \"text\": \"\\\"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?\\\" / \\\"Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway.[…]\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club:\", \"text\": \"Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.\"], \"links\": [[\"apprehension\", \"apprehension\"], [\"doubt\", \"doubt\"], [\"fear\", \"fear\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"], [\"feeling\", \"feeling\"], [\"queasiness\", \"queasiness\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English negative polarity items\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"links\": [[\"conscience\", \"conscience\"], [\"scruple\", \"scruple\"], [\"pang\", \"pang\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"in the negative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"links\": [[\"Mortality\", \"mortality\"], [\"plague\", \"plague\"], [\"pestilence\", \"pestilence\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English dialectal terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A calamity or disaster.\"], \"links\": [[\"calamity\", \"calamity\"], [\"disaster\", \"disaster\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"archaic\", \"dialectal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"compunction\"}, {\"word\": \"misgiving\"}, {\"word\": \"scruple\"}, {\"word\": \"unease\"}, {\"word\": \"uneasiness\"}, {\"word\": \"apprehension\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bezpokojstvo\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"безпокойство\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opasenie\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"опасение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"rozpaky\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"angstgevoel\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"onbehagen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"bedenking\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"onzekerheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"twijfel\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epävarmuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"epäilys\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"appréhension\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"eč̣vi\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"ეჭვი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"merq̇eoba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"მერყეობა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dabneuloba\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"დაბნეულობა\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dubbio\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apprensione\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"paura\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"apreensão\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"receio\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"somnénije\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"сомне́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rastérjannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"расте́рянность\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"pochybnosti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"obavy\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"aprensión\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"word\": \"betänklighet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sumniv\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сумнів\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pobojuvannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"побоювання\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"vahannja\", \"sense\": \"sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear, etc.\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"вагання\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"prilošavane\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"прилошаване\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"gadene\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"гадене\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"(lehká) nevolnost\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"braakkneiging\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(plotse) onpasselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"(aanval van) misselijkheid\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"kuvotus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"etominen\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gulis reva\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"გულის რევა\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"mal-estar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"greață\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"tošnotá\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"тошнота́\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"reparo\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"nudota\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"нудота\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"mlistʹ\", \"sense\": \"sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"млість\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ugrizenie\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"угризение\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"výčitky\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"skrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"gewetensaanval\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"gewetensbezwaar\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"wroeging\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"tunnontuska\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupule\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"sindisis kenǯna\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"სინდისის ქენჯნა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"Gewissensbisse\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"scrupolo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"word\": \"potau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"scrupul\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"compuncțiune\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ugryzénija sóvesti\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"угрызе́ния со́вести\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"zábrany\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"escrúpulo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"samvetskval\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"dokory sumlinnja\", \"sense\": \"prick of the conscience, moral scrupule\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"докори сумління\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualming\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualming\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualming\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualming\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualming\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "qualm/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Dutch\", \"English terms borrowed from German\", \"English terms derived from Dutch\", \"English terms derived from German\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of German translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Italian translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Spanish translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"enm:Death\", \"enm:Disease\", \"enm:Emotions\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"qualm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English qualm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"cwealm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cwealm\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\")\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*kwalm\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"killing, death, destruction\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷelH-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"nl\", \"3\": \"kwalm\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch kwalm\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"Qualm\", \"t\": \"steam, vapor, mist\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"de\", \"3\": \"quellen\", \"t\": \"to stream, well up\"}, \"expansion\": \"German quellen (“to stream, well up”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \\\"death, disaster, plague\\\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \\\"utter destruction\\\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \\\"pang of apprehension, etc.\\\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"qualms\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualming\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"qualmed\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"links\": [[\"sickly\", \"sickly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɔm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwɑlm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kwæm/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔːm\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɑːlm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"calm\"}], \"word\": \"qualm\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "qualm",
  "trace": ""
}