See qualm on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for qualm meaning in All languages combined (23.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qualmish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qualmishly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qualmishness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qualmy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English qualm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwalm",
"3": "",
"4": "death, sickness, plague"
},
"expansion": "cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cwealm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\""
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ūtcwalm"
},
"expansion": "ūtcwalm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Anglian: \"utter destruction\""
},
"expansion": "(Anglian: \"utter destruction\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kwalm",
"4": "",
"5": "killing, death, destruction"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quell"
},
"expansion": "quell",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kwalm",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Qualm",
"t": "steam, vapor, mist"
},
"expansion": "German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "quellen",
"t": "to stream, well up"
},
"expansion": "German quellen (“to stream, well up”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \"utter destruction\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \"pang of apprehension, etc.\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "qualms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "qualm (plural qualms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quell"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, First Man on Moon, Dies”, in Wall Street Journal, retrieved 2012-08-26",
"text": "Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club",
"text": "Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc."
],
"id": "en-qualm-en-noun-9lDMeCfs",
"links": [
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
],
[
"doubt",
"doubt"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezpokojstvo",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "безпокойство"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opasenie",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опасение"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pochybnosti"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "obavy"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "rozpaky"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "angstgevoel"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "onbehagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "bedenking"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "onzekerheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "twijfel"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "epävarmuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "epäilys"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eč̣vi",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "ეჭვი"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "merq̇eoba",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "მერყეობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dabneuloba",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "დაბნეულობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dubbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apprensione"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paura"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "potau"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apreensão"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "receio"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "somnénije",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сомне́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastérjannostʹ",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "расте́рянность"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "zábrany"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pochybnosti"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "obavy"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "betänklighet"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sumniv",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сумнів"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pobojuvannja",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "побоювання"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 32 5 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vahannja",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вагання"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness."
],
"id": "en-qualm-en-noun-SAHnQnxj",
"links": [
[
"sickly",
"sickly"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
],
[
"queasiness",
"queasiness"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prilošavane",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прилошаване"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gadene",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гадене"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "(lehká) nevolnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "braakkneiging"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "(plotse) onpasselijkheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "(aanval van) misselijkheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "kuvotus"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "etominen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gulis reva",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "გულის რევა"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "potau"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mal-estar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "greață"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tošnotá",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тошнота́"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nudota",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нудота"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 73 4 5 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mlistʹ",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "млість"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English negative polarity items",
"parents": [
"Negative polarity items",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt."
],
"id": "en-qualm-en-noun-4MnW9MPp",
"links": [
[
"conscience",
"conscience"
],
[
"scruple",
"scruple"
],
[
"pang",
"pang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the negative"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ugrizenie",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "угризение"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "výčitky"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "skrupule"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "gewetensaanval"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gewetensbezwaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scrupule"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "wroeging"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "tunnontuska"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scrupule"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sindisis kenǯna",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "სინდისის ქენჯნა"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Gewissensbisse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scrupolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "potau"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escrúpulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "scrupul"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compuncțiune"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugryzénija sóvesti",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "угрызе́ния со́вести"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "zábrany"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escrúpulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "samvetskval"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 80 13 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dokory sumlinnja",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "докори сумління"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 13 57 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 4 46 8 2 12 2 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mortality; plague; pestilence."
],
"id": "en-qualm-en-noun-5zNn-BTx",
"links": [
[
"Mortality",
"mortality"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
],
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, UK dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A calamity or disaster."
],
"id": "en-qualm-en-noun-JcrUxdCu",
"links": [
[
"calamity",
"calamity"
],
[
"disaster",
"disaster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, UK dialectal) A calamity or disaster."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɔːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɑm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɔm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɑlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwæm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːlm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "compunction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "misgiving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scruple"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uneasiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "apprehension"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "calm"
}
],
"word": "qualm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English qualm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwalm",
"3": "",
"4": "death, sickness, plague"
},
"expansion": "cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cwealm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\""
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ūtcwalm"
},
"expansion": "ūtcwalm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Anglian: \"utter destruction\""
},
"expansion": "(Anglian: \"utter destruction\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kwalm",
"4": "",
"5": "killing, death, destruction"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quell"
},
"expansion": "quell",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kwalm",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Qualm",
"t": "steam, vapor, mist"
},
"expansion": "German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "quellen",
"t": "to stream, well up"
},
"expansion": "German quellen (“to stream, well up”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \"utter destruction\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \"pang of apprehension, etc.\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "qualms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "qualming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "qualmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "qualmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To have a sickly feeling."
],
"id": "en-qualm-en-verb-NWoLbrEG",
"links": [
[
"sickly",
"sickly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɔːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɑm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɔm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɑlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwæm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːlm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "calm"
}
],
"word": "qualm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "English: qualm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: qualm (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: qualm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: qualm (possibly)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cwealm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cwealm, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "qualm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 24 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"Human",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 26 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Disease",
"orig": "enm:Disease",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plague, disease or sickness; that which afflicts."
],
"id": "en-qualm-enm-noun-ZClQszU-"
},
{
"glosses": [
"The effects, fruits, or ravages of plague."
],
"id": "en-qualm-enm-noun-9SDPHEo7"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Killing (as a concept or as an instance)"
],
"id": "en-qualm-enm-noun-3T4dPp5n",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Killing (as a concept or as an instance)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwalm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cwalm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cualm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "qwalm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "qualme"
}
],
"word": "qualm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable",
"enm:Death",
"enm:Disease"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "qualmish"
},
{
"word": "qualmishly"
},
{
"word": "qualmishness"
},
{
"word": "qualmy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English qualm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwalm",
"3": "",
"4": "death, sickness, plague"
},
"expansion": "cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cwealm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\""
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ūtcwalm"
},
"expansion": "ūtcwalm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Anglian: \"utter destruction\""
},
"expansion": "(Anglian: \"utter destruction\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kwalm",
"4": "",
"5": "killing, death, destruction"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quell"
},
"expansion": "quell",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kwalm",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Qualm",
"t": "steam, vapor, mist"
},
"expansion": "German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "quellen",
"t": "to stream, well up"
},
"expansion": "German quellen (“to stream, well up”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \"utter destruction\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \"pang of apprehension, etc.\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "qualms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "qualm (plural qualms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "quell"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, First Man on Moon, Dies”, in Wall Street Journal, retrieved 2012-08-26",
"text": "Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club",
"text": "Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc."
],
"links": [
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
],
[
"doubt",
"doubt"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness."
],
"links": [
[
"sickly",
"sickly"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
],
[
"queasiness",
"queasiness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English negative polarity items",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt."
],
"links": [
[
"conscience",
"conscience"
],
[
"scruple",
"scruple"
],
[
"pang",
"pang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the negative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Mortality; plague; pestilence."
],
"links": [
[
"Mortality",
"mortality"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
],
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, UK dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A calamity or disaster."
],
"links": [
[
"calamity",
"calamity"
],
[
"disaster",
"disaster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, UK dialectal) A calamity or disaster."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɔːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɑm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɔm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɑlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwæm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːlm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "compunction"
},
{
"word": "misgiving"
},
{
"word": "scruple"
},
{
"word": "unease"
},
{
"word": "uneasiness"
},
{
"word": "apprehension"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "calm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezpokojstvo",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "безпокойство"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opasenie",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опасение"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pochybnosti"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "obavy"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "rozpaky"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "angstgevoel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "onbehagen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "bedenking"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "onzekerheid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "twijfel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "epävarmuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "epäilys"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eč̣vi",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "ეჭვი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "merq̇eoba",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "მერყეობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dabneuloba",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "დაბნეულობა"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dubbio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apprensione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paura"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "potau"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apreensão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "receio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "somnénije",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сомне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastérjannostʹ",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "расте́рянность"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "zábrany"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pochybnosti"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "obavy"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"word": "betänklighet"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sumniv",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сумнів"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pobojuvannja",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "побоювання"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vahannja",
"sense": "sudden feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вагання"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prilošavane",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прилошаване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gadene",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гадене"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "(lehká) nevolnost"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "braakkneiging"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "(plotse) onpasselijkheid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "(aanval van) misselijkheid"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "kuvotus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "etominen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gulis reva",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "გულის რევა"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"word": "potau"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mal-estar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "greață"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tošnotá",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тошнота́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nudota",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нудота"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mlistʹ",
"sense": "sickly feeling of being ill at ease; sudden queasiness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "млість"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ugrizenie",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "угризение"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "výčitky"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "skrupule"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "gewetensaanval"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gewetensbezwaar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scrupule"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "wroeging"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "tunnontuska"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scrupule"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sindisis kenǯna",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "სინდისის ქენჯნა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Gewissensbisse"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scrupolo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"word": "potau"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escrúpulo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "scrupul"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compuncțiune"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugryzénija sóvesti",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "угрызе́ния со́вести"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "zábrany"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escrúpulo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "samvetskval"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dokory sumlinnja",
"sense": "prick of the conscience, moral scrupule",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "докори сумління"
}
],
"word": "qualm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːlm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable",
"enm:Death",
"enm:Disease"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English qualm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwalm",
"3": "",
"4": "death, sickness, plague"
},
"expansion": "cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cwealm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\""
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ūtcwalm"
},
"expansion": "ūtcwalm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Anglian: \"utter destruction\""
},
"expansion": "(Anglian: \"utter destruction\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kwalm",
"4": "",
"5": "killing, death, destruction"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quell"
},
"expansion": "quell",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kwalm",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Qualm",
"t": "steam, vapor, mist"
},
"expansion": "German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "quellen",
"t": "to stream, well up"
},
"expansion": "German quellen (“to stream, well up”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: \"death, disaster, plague\"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: \"utter destruction\"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of \"pang of apprehension, etc.\" in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "qualms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "qualming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "qualmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "qualmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To have a sickly feeling."
],
"links": [
[
"sickly",
"sickly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To have a sickly feeling."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɔːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɑm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɔm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɑlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwæm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːlm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-qualm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "calm"
}
],
"word": "qualm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Death",
"enm:Disease"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "English: qualm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: qualm (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: qualm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: qualm (possibly)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cwealm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cwealm, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "qualm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Plague, disease or sickness; that which afflicts."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The effects, fruits, or ravages of plague."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Killing (as a concept or as an instance)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Killing (as a concept or as an instance)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwalm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cwalm"
},
{
"word": "cualm"
},
{
"word": "qwalm"
},
{
"word": "qualme"
}
],
"word": "qualm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.