"projective" meaning in All languages combined

See projective on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

Forms: more projective [comparative], most projective [superlative]
Rhymes: -ɛktɪv Etymology: Formed by the suffixation of prōiect- (the perfect passive participial stem of the Classical Latin prōiciō, whence the English verb project) with the English -ive; however, compare the post-Classical Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”). Etymology templates: {{m|la||prōiect-}} prōiect-, {{der|en|la|prōiciō}} Latin prōiciō, {{cog|en|-}} English, {{m|en|project}} project, {{cog|en|-ive}} English -ive, {{cog|la|prōiectīvus|t=relating to purging}} Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”) Head templates: {{en-adj|more}} projective (comparative more projective, superlative most projective)
  1. projecting outward
    Sense id: en-projective-en-adj-YRYV2-v-
  2. of, relating to, or caused by a projection
    Sense id: en-projective-en-adj-gaYSytbo
  3. (geometry) Of or related to projective geometry:
    (now usually in set phrases, of a property of a geometric object, figure, etc.) Invariant under projective transformations.
    Tags: usually Categories (topical): Geometry
    Sense id: en-projective-en-adj-ORhTqq5q Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 12 16 14 11 15 1 10 2 16 Topics: geometry, mathematics, sciences
  4. (geometry) Of or related to projective geometry:
    (of a geometric object, figure, etc.) Defined in or inhabiting a projective space.
    Tags: usually Categories (topical): Geometry
    Sense id: en-projective-en-adj-~RnETLhQ Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ive Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 12 16 14 11 15 1 10 2 16 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 1 2 8 10 19 12 11 1 14 3 18 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ive: 3 2 8 12 17 14 12 0 12 2 19 Topics: geometry, mathematics, sciences
  5. (algebra) In a technical sense, general (but not necessarily so general as to be free); involving such objects:
    (module theory, of a (left) module M over a ring R) Such that there is another (left) R-module N with M⊕N a free R-module. Equivalently, projective in the category of modules (see below).
    Categories (topical): Algebra
    Sense id: en-projective-en-adj-wEAT3HGr Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ive Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 12 16 14 11 15 1 10 2 16 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 1 2 8 10 19 12 11 1 14 3 18 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ive: 3 2 8 12 17 14 12 0 12 2 19 Topics: algebra, mathematics, sciences
  6. (algebra) In a technical sense, general (but not necessarily so general as to be free); involving such objects:
    (category theory, most generally, of an object P in a category) Such that, given an epimorphism e:E→X and morphism f:P→X, f factors through e; that is, there exists a morphism ̃f:P→E with e∘̃f
    Categories (topical): Algebra
    Sense id: en-projective-en-adj-p88UsKyQ Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ive Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 12 16 14 11 15 1 10 2 16 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 1 2 8 10 19 12 11 1 14 3 18 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ive: 3 2 8 12 17 14 12 0 12 2 19 Topics: algebra, category-theory, computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences
  7. (group theory, of a profinite group G) Such that every epimorphism from a profinite group onto G has a right inverse which is a homomorphism. Categories (topical): Group theory
    Sense id: en-projective-en-adj-4AIBTmRU Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ive Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 12 16 14 11 15 1 10 2 16 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 1 2 8 10 19 12 11 1 14 3 18 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ive: 3 2 8 12 17 14 12 0 12 2 19 Topics: group-theory, mathematics, sciences
  8. (homological algebra, of a resolution) Such that every object in the resolution is projective.
    Sense id: en-projective-en-adj-qss1bRey
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: complex projective line, projective basis, projective resolution, real projective plane, projective frame, projective variety

Noun [English]

Forms: projectives [plural]
Rhymes: -ɛktɪv Etymology: Formed by the suffixation of prōiect- (the perfect passive participial stem of the Classical Latin prōiciō, whence the English verb project) with the English -ive; however, compare the post-Classical Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”). Etymology templates: {{m|la||prōiect-}} prōiect-, {{der|en|la|prōiciō}} Latin prōiciō, {{cog|en|-}} English, {{m|en|project}} project, {{cog|en|-ive}} English -ive, {{cog|la|prōiectīvus|t=relating to purging}} Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} projective (plural projectives)
  1. (psychology) An assessment test that presents subjects with some sort of stimulus to which they react by projecting or imagining details. Categories (topical): Psychology
    Sense id: en-projective-en-noun-7Xu326jc Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ive Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 12 16 14 11 15 1 10 2 16 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 1 2 8 10 19 12 11 1 14 3 18 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ive: 3 2 8 12 17 14 12 0 12 2 19 Topics: human-sciences, psychology, sciences
  2. (mathematics) A projective member of a category. Categories (topical): Mathematics
    Sense id: en-projective-en-noun-TftQcx8E Topics: mathematics, sciences
  3. (linguistics) A statement about a conditional or potential state of affairs, as opposed to one about a situation that actually exists or existed. Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en-projective-en-noun-dOPuir8i Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ive Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 12 16 14 11 15 1 10 2 16 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 1 2 8 10 19 12 11 1 14 3 18 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ive: 3 2 8 12 17 14 12 0 12 2 19 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: projection
Derived forms: projective frame, projective variety, biprojective, multiprojective, nonprojective, preprojective, projective algebraic manifold, projective collineation, projective cone, projective correlation, projective differential geometry, projective general linear group, projective general orthogonal group, projective general unitary group, projective geometry, projective Hilbert space, projective identification, projective limit, projective line, projective linear group, projectively, projective module, projective object, projective plane, projective plane dissection, projective representation, projective set, projective space, projective special linear group, projective special orthogonal group, projective special unitary group, projective symplectic group, projective test, projective texture mapping, projective transformation, projective unitary group, projective vector field, projectivism, quasiprojective, semiprojective, superprojective

Adjective [French]

IPA: /pʁɔ.ʒɛk.tiv/
Head templates: {{head|fr|adjective form}} projective
  1. feminine singular of projectif Tags: feminine, form-of, singular Form of: projectif
    Sense id: en-projective-fr-adj-OGSeMXpR Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for projective meaning in All languages combined (20.7kB)

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      "word": "complex projective line"
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  "etymology_text": "Formed by the suffixation of prōiect- (the perfect passive participial stem of the Classical Latin prōiciō, whence the English verb project) with the English -ive; however, compare the post-Classical Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”).",
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          "ref": "1912 November 2, Edwin B. Wilson, Gillbert B. Lewis, “The Space-Time Manifold of Relativity. The Non-Euclidean Geometry of Mechanics and Electromagnetics”, in Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, volume 45, number 11, page 503",
          "text": "Hence the non-Euclidean angle is measured by one-half the logarithm of the cross-ratio of four rays. Although the Euclidean point of view has been adopted for simplicity, the final result, depending as it does only on the cross-ratio, is projective; it is therefore independent of the particular assumptions that the rays α and β are perpendicular and that the initial line bisects the angle between them.",
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        "Defined in or inhabiting a projective space."
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        "(module theory, of a (left) module M over a ring R) Such that there is another (left) R-module N with M⊕N a free R-module. Equivalently, projective in the category of modules (see below).",
        "Such that there is another (left) R-module N with M⊕N a free R-module. Equivalently, projective in the category of modules (see below)."
      ],
      "id": "en-projective-en-adj-wEAT3HGr",
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      "glosses": [
        "Such that every epimorphism from a profinite group onto G has a right inverse which is a homomorphism."
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      "id": "en-projective-en-adj-4AIBTmRU",
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        [
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      "raw_tags": [
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      ],
      "topics": [
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    {
      "glosses": [
        "Such that every object in the resolution is projective."
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      "id": "en-projective-en-adj-qss1bRey",
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          "homological algebra"
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          "resolution"
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      "qualifier": "homological algebra",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(homological algebra, of a resolution) Such that every object in the resolution is projective."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a resolution"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
    }
  ],
  "word": "projective"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "projective frame"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "projective variety"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "biprojective"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "multiprojective"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "nonprojective"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "preprojective"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective algebraic manifold"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective collineation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective cone"
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    {
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      "word": "projective correlation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective differential geometry"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective general linear group"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective general orthogonal group"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective general unitary group"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective geometry"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective Hilbert space"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective identification"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective limit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective line"
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      "word": "projective module"
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "projective plane dissection"
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      "word": "projective symplectic group"
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          "ref": "1984, Lawrence A. Pervin, Personality: Theory and Research, page 322",
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        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Paul J. Frick, Christopher T. Barry, Randy W. Kamphaus, Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behavior",
          "text": "For example, using projectives as a psychometric technique allows one to compare a person's score with those from a normative group, or with those from some relevant clinic group, or with some other clinically important criterion (e.g., response to treatment).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Linda C. Wing, Bernard R. Gifford, Policy Issues in Employment Testing, page 174",
          "text": "The unimpressive evidence for validity and operational problems related to projectives led Reilly and Chao to a pessimistic conclusion regarding projectives.",
          "type": "quotation"
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        {
          "ref": "2015, Paul Hackett, Qualitative Research Methods in Consumer Psychology",
          "text": "With its origins based in the field of psychology, projectives (also referred to as projective exercises or projective techniques) when used in qualitative research are fun \"assignments\" most often implemented during focus groups. Their goal is to elicit deeper, more visceral feelings from respondents -- about brands, products, concepts, advertising, and so on -- viewpoints that may go unmentioned when using more direct lines of inquiry.",
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        "human-sciences",
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          "ref": "1965, Theory of Categories, page 109",
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          "type": "quotation"
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        {
          "ref": "1999, Maurice Auslander, Idun Reiten, Sverre O. Smalø, Selected Works of Maurice Auslander - Part 1, page 490",
          "text": "In particular our assumptions hold if B is an abelian category with enough projectives.",
          "type": "quotation"
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        {
          "ref": "2012, M. Scott Osborne, Basic Homological Algebra, page 187",
          "text": "The idea behind “cheating with projectives” in a pre-Abelian category with a separating class of projectives is this: Make the arrows do the work that elements do in concrete categories.",
          "type": "quotation"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "ref": "1995, Keith E. Nelson, Zita Reger, Children's Language - Volume 8",
          "text": "There was no basis for expecting differences in the frequency of projectives or turnabouts as a function of partner.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Ronald James Williams, John C. Beckman, Williams' Hebrew Syntax, page 78",
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          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Jean Curthoys, Victor Dudman, Victor Dudman's Grammar and Semantics, page 74",
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  "etymology_text": "Formed by the suffixation of prōiect- (the perfect passive participial stem of the Classical Latin prōiciō, whence the English verb project) with the English -ive; however, compare the post-Classical Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”).",
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          "text": "Hence the non-Euclidean angle is measured by one-half the logarithm of the cross-ratio of four rays. Although the Euclidean point of view has been adopted for simplicity, the final result, depending as it does only on the cross-ratio, is projective; it is therefore independent of the particular assumptions that the rays α and β are perpendicular and that the initial line bisects the angle between them.",
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      "rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
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      "word": "multiprojective"
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      "word": "preprojective"
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    {
      "word": "projective algebraic manifold"
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      "word": "projective collineation"
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    {
      "word": "projective cone"
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    {
      "word": "projective correlation"
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    {
      "word": "projective differential geometry"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective frame"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective general linear group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective general orthogonal group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective general unitary group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective geometry"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective Hilbert space"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective identification"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective limit"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective line"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective linear group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projectively"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective module"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective object"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective plane"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective plane dissection"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective representation"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective set"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective space"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective special linear group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective special orthogonal group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective special unitary group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective symplectic group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective test"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective texture mapping"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective transformation"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective unitary group"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective variety"
    },
    {
      "word": "projective vector field"
    },
    {
      "word": "projectivism"
    },
    {
      "word": "quasiprojective"
    },
    {
      "word": "semiprojective"
    },
    {
      "word": "superprojective"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "prōiect-"
      },
      "expansion": "prōiect-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "prōiciō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin prōiciō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "project"
      },
      "expansion": "project",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ive"
      },
      "expansion": "English -ive",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prōiectīvus",
        "t": "relating to purging"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Formed by the suffixation of prōiect- (the perfect passive participial stem of the Classical Latin prōiciō, whence the English verb project) with the English -ive; however, compare the post-Classical Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "projectives",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "projective (plural projectives)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "projection"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Psychology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1984, Lawrence A. Pervin, Personality: Theory and Research, page 322",
          "text": "The projectives suggested considerable difficulty with women and a conflict between sexual preoccupation and hostility.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Paul J. Frick, Christopher T. Barry, Randy W. Kamphaus, Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behavior",
          "text": "For example, using projectives as a psychometric technique allows one to compare a person's score with those from a normative group, or with those from some relevant clinic group, or with some other clinically important criterion (e.g., response to treatment).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Linda C. Wing, Bernard R. Gifford, Policy Issues in Employment Testing, page 174",
          "text": "The unimpressive evidence for validity and operational problems related to projectives led Reilly and Chao to a pessimistic conclusion regarding projectives.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, Paul Hackett, Qualitative Research Methods in Consumer Psychology",
          "text": "With its origins based in the field of psychology, projectives (also referred to as projective exercises or projective techniques) when used in qualitative research are fun \"assignments\" most often implemented during focus groups. Their goal is to elicit deeper, more visceral feelings from respondents -- about brands, products, concepts, advertising, and so on -- viewpoints that may go unmentioned when using more direct lines of inquiry.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An assessment test that presents subjects with some sort of stimulus to which they react by projecting or imagining details."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "psychology",
          "psychology"
        ],
        [
          "assessment",
          "assessment"
        ],
        [
          "stimulus",
          "stimulus"
        ],
        [
          "project",
          "project"
        ],
        [
          "imagining",
          "imagine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(psychology) An assessment test that presents subjects with some sort of stimulus to which they react by projecting or imagining details."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "psychology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1965, Theory of Categories, page 109",
          "text": "By 2.2 we see that this is a full, contravariant imbedding, and by 2.3 the image of A in (A, G) is a generating set of small projectives.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Maurice Auslander, Idun Reiten, Sverre O. Smalø, Selected Works of Maurice Auslander - Part 1, page 490",
          "text": "In particular our assumptions hold if B is an abelian category with enough projectives.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, M. Scott Osborne, Basic Homological Algebra, page 187",
          "text": "The idea behind “cheating with projectives” in a pre-Abelian category with a separating class of projectives is this: Make the arrows do the work that elements do in concrete categories.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A projective member of a category."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "category",
          "category"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) A projective member of a category."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Linguistics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1995, Keith E. Nelson, Zita Reger, Children's Language - Volume 8",
          "text": "There was no basis for expecting differences in the frequency of projectives or turnabouts as a function of partner.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Ronald James Williams, John C. Beckman, Williams' Hebrew Syntax, page 78",
          "text": "The volitive moods (also called volitives, volitional forms, modals, or projectives) are the imperative, jussive, and cohortative.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Jean Curthoys, Victor Dudman, Victor Dudman's Grammar and Semantics, page 74",
          "text": "This implies they contain more information than projectives. For if language is a code, then every element of that code – here, every word, every form of a word – would register a distinct semantic ingredient.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A statement about a conditional or potential state of affairs, as opposed to one about a situation that actually exists or existed."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A statement about a conditional or potential state of affairs, as opposed to one about a situation that actually exists or existed."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
    }
  ],
  "word": "projective"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "projective",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French 3-syllable words",
        "French adjective forms",
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French non-lemma forms",
        "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "French terms with homophones"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "projectif"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of projectif"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "projectif",
          "projectif#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pʁɔ.ʒɛk.tiv/"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "projectives"
    }
  ],
  "word": "projective"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.