"prast" meaning in All languages combined

See prast on Wiktionary

Verb [Latvian]

IPA: [pɾast]
Etymology: From an earlier *prasti, from *prat-ti, from Proto-Baltic *prat-, from Proto-Indo-European *pret-, *prot- (“to understand”); the first-person form is derived from a variant with an extra n, *prantuo, from *prantu, from protu. Up until the 17th century, prast basically meant “to understand,” “to perceive,” i.e, it was synonymous with saprast; the present-day meaning occurred alongside the older meaning and became dominant only by the end of the 19th century. Cognates include Lithuanian pràsti (“to get used to, to understand, to perceive”), Old Prussian issprestun (“to understand”) (compare Latvian izprast), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan, “to think, to recognize, to understand”), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹 (fraþi, “mind, intelligence”), Latin interpres (“intermediary, mediator, interpreter”), Tocharian A pratim, etc. Etymology templates: {{m|lv|*prasti}} *prasti, {{m|lv|*prat-ti}} *prat-ti, {{uder|lv|bat-pro|*prat-}} Proto-Baltic *prat-, {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*pret-}} Proto-Indo-European *pret-, {{m|ine-pro|*prot-||to understand}} *prot- (“to understand”), {{m|lv|*prantuo}} *prantuo, {{m|lv|*prantu}} *prantu, {{m|lv|protu}} protu, {{m|lv|prast}} prast, {{m|lv|saprast}} saprast, {{cog|lt|pràsti||to get used to, to understand, to perceive}} Lithuanian pràsti (“to get used to, to understand, to perceive”), {{cog|prg|issprestun||to understand}} Old Prussian issprestun (“to understand”), {{cog|lv|izprast}} Latvian izprast, {{cog|got|𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽||to think, to recognize, to understand}} Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan, “to think, to recognize, to understand”), {{m|got|𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹||mind, intelligence}} 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹 (fraþi, “mind, intelligence”), {{cog|la|interpres||intermediary, mediator, interpreter}} Latin interpres (“intermediary, mediator, interpreter”), {{cog|xto|pratim}} Tocharian A pratim Head templates: {{head|lv|verb|transitive or intransitive||1st conjugation||||||present|protu, proti, prot|past|pratu|head=prast}} prast (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present protu, proti, prot, past pratu), {{lv-verb|tr-intr|1st|prot|prot|i|prat}} prast (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present protu, proti, prot, past pratu) Inflection templates: {{lv-conj|pra|prot|1st|prot|i|prat|ī|a/o/a-s/t}}, {{lv-conj-1|pra|prot|prot|i|prat|ī|a/o/a-s/t|inf=|kc=|pass=|pol=|prespart=|refl=|stem2=|sz=|width=100%|zstd=t}}, {{lv-conj-table|protu|proti|prot|protam|protat|pratu|prati|prata|pratām|pratāt|pratīšu|pratīsi|pratīs|pratīsim|pratīsiet, pratīsit|proti|protiet|protot|pratīšot|prastu|jāprot|jāprotot|protošs|prazdams|protot|protam|pratis|protams|prasts|prašana|inf=|pass=|pol=|prespart=|refl=|width=100%}} Forms: conjugation [first-person], protu [present], proti [present], prot [present], pratu [past], no-table-tags [table-tags], protu [first-person, indicative, present, singular], pratu [first-person, indicative, past, singular], pratīšu [first-person, future, indicative, singular], - [first-person, imperative, singular], proti [indicative, present, second-person, singular], prati [indicative, past, second-person, singular], pratīsi [future, indicative, second-person, singular], proti [imperative, second-person, singular], prot [indicative, present, singular, third-person], prata [indicative, past, singular, third-person], pratīs [future, indicative, singular, third-person], lai prot [imperative, singular, third-person], protam [first-person, indicative, plural, present], pratām [first-person, indicative, past, plural], pratīsim [first-person, future, indicative, plural], pratīsim [first-person, imperative, plural], protat [indicative, plural, present, second-person], pratāt [indicative, past, plural, second-person], pratīsiet [future, indicative, plural, second-person], pratīsit [future, indicative, plural, second-person], protiet [imperative, plural, second-person], prot [indicative, plural, present, third-person], prata [indicative, past, plural, third-person], pratīs [future, indicative, plural, third-person], lai prot [imperative, plural, third-person], protot [present, renarrative], protošs [active, adjectival, participle, participle-1, present], esot pratis [past, renarrative], prazdams [active, adverbial, participle, participle-2, present], pratīšot [future, renarrative], protot [active, adverbial, participle, participle-3, present], lai protot [imperative], protam [active, participle, participle-4, present], pratis [active, participle, past], prastu [conditional, present], protams [participle, passive, present], būtu pratis [conditional, past], prasts [participle, passive, past], jāprot [debitive, indicative], būt jāprot [debitive, indicative], prast [infinitive], esot jāprot [conjunctive, conjunctive-1, debitive], neprast [infinitive, negative], jāprotot [conjunctive, conjunctive-2, debitive], prašana [noun-from-verb]
  1. (often with an infinitive) to know how to, to be able to do (a certain activity, task, etc.) Tags: intransitive, often, transitive Synonyms (of "be able to, capable of"): spēt, varēt Synonyms (of "know how"): jēgt, mācēt
    Sense id: en-prast-lv-verb-OEc5BEGt Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian undefined derivations Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 59 36 5 Disambiguation of Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup: 74 17 9 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 75 20 4 Disambiguation of Latvian undefined derivations: 73 22 5 Disambiguation of 'of "be able to, capable of"': 80 3 17 Disambiguation of 'of "know how"': 62 18 21
  2. to know, to speak, to be fluent in (a language) Tags: intransitive, transitive Categories (topical): Thinking
    Sense id: en-prast-lv-verb-5AHIZL-G Disambiguation of Thinking: 32 42 26 Categories (other): Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t, Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st Disambiguation of Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t: 30 52 17 Disambiguation of Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st: 30 52 17
  3. (intransitively) to know, to be able Tags: intransitive, transitive
    Sense id: en-prast-lv-verb-YQoPJUBk
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: prefixed verbs:, izprast, noprast, pārprast, pieprast, saprast, prasties Related terms: prāts

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for prast meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "prefixed verbs:"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "izprast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "noprast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "pārprast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "pieprast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "saprast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "prasties"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*prasti"
      },
      "expansion": "*prasti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*prat-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "*prat-ti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*prat-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *prat-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pret-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pret-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*prot-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to understand"
      },
      "expansion": "*prot- (“to understand”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*prantuo"
      },
      "expansion": "*prantuo",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*prantu"
      },
      "expansion": "*prantu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "protu"
      },
      "expansion": "protu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "prast"
      },
      "expansion": "prast",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "saprast"
      },
      "expansion": "saprast",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pràsti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to get used to, to understand, to perceive"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pràsti (“to get used to, to understand, to perceive”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "issprestun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to understand"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian issprestun (“to understand”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "izprast"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian izprast",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to think, to recognize, to understand"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan, “to think, to recognize, to understand”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mind, intelligence"
      },
      "expansion": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹 (fraþi, “mind, intelligence”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "interpres",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intermediary, mediator, interpreter"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin interpres (“intermediary, mediator, interpreter”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "pratim"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A pratim",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From an earlier *prasti, from *prat-ti, from Proto-Baltic *prat-, from Proto-Indo-European *pret-, *prot- (“to understand”); the first-person form is derived from a variant with an extra n, *prantuo, from *prantu, from protu. Up until the 17th century, prast basically meant “to understand,” “to perceive,” i.e, it was synonymous with saprast; the present-day meaning occurred alongside the older meaning and became dominant only by the end of the 19th century. Cognates include Lithuanian pràsti (“to get used to, to understand, to perceive”), Old Prussian issprestun (“to understand”) (compare Latvian izprast), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan, “to think, to recognize, to understand”), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹 (fraþi, “mind, intelligence”), Latin interpres (“intermediary, mediator, interpreter”), Tocharian A pratim, etc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protu",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proti",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prot",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratu",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīšu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prata",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai prot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prata",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai prot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protošs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "participle-1",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot pratis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prazdams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-2",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīšot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-3",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai protot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "participle-4",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prastu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būtu pratis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prasts",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāprot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būt jāprot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot jāprot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-1",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neprast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāprotot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-2",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prašana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "",
        "11": "present",
        "12": "protu, proti, prot",
        "13": "past",
        "14": "pratu",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "transitive or intransitive",
        "4": "",
        "5": "1st conjugation",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "head": "prast"
      },
      "expansion": "prast (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present protu, proti, prot, past pratu)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr-intr",
        "2": "1st",
        "3": "prot",
        "4": "prot",
        "5": "i",
        "6": "prat"
      },
      "expansion": "prast (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present protu, proti, prot, past pratu)",
      "name": "lv-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pra",
        "2": "prot",
        "3": "1st",
        "4": "prot",
        "5": "i",
        "6": "prat",
        "7": "ī",
        "8": "a/o/a-s/t"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pra",
        "2": "prot",
        "3": "prot",
        "4": "i",
        "5": "prat",
        "6": "ī",
        "7": "a/o/a-s/t",
        "inf": "",
        "kc": "",
        "pass": "",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "stem2": "",
        "sz": "",
        "width": "100%",
        "zstd": "t"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "protu",
        "10": "pratāt",
        "11": "pratīšu",
        "12": "pratīsi",
        "13": "pratīs",
        "14": "pratīsim",
        "15": "pratīsiet,\npratīsit",
        "16": "proti",
        "17": "protiet",
        "18": "protot",
        "19": "pratīšot",
        "2": "proti",
        "20": "prastu",
        "21": "jāprot",
        "22": "jāprotot",
        "23": "protošs",
        "24": "prazdams",
        "25": "protot",
        "26": "protam",
        "27": "pratis",
        "28": "protams",
        "29": "prasts",
        "3": "prot",
        "30": "prašana",
        "4": "protam",
        "5": "protat",
        "6": "pratu",
        "7": "prati",
        "8": "prata",
        "9": "pratām",
        "inf": "",
        "pass": "",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "width": "100%"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "prāts"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "59 36 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 17 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "75 20 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 22 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to know how to sew, draw, read",
          "text": "prast šūt, zīmēt, lasīt",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Oto knew well all the work of fishing",
          "text": "Oto labi prata visus zvejas darbus",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to know how to, to be able to do (a certain activity, task, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-prast-lv-verb-OEc5BEGt",
      "links": [
        [
          "infinitive",
          "infinitive"
        ],
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "be able to",
          "be able to"
        ],
        [
          "certain",
          "certain"
        ],
        [
          "activity",
          "activity"
        ],
        [
          "task",
          "task"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often with an infinitive) to know how to, to be able to do (a certain activity, task, etc.)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with an infinitive"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "62 18 21",
          "sense": "of \"know how\"",
          "word": "jēgt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "62 18 21",
          "sense": "of \"know how\"",
          "word": "mācēt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "80 3 17",
          "sense": "of \"be able to, capable of\"",
          "word": "spēt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "80 3 17",
          "sense": "of \"be able to, capable of\"",
          "word": "varēt"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "often",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 52 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 52 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 42 26",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Thinking",
          "orig": "lv:Thinking",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Pushkin knew several languages",
          "text": "Puškins prata vairākas valodas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he knew English well and could read all books and magazines without any difficulty",
          "text": "viņš labi prata angļu valodu un bez kādām grūtībām varēja lasīt katru grāmatu vai laikrakstu",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to know, to speak, to be fluent in (a language)"
      ],
      "id": "en-prast-lv-verb-5AHIZL-G",
      "links": [
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "fluent",
          "fluent"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "“we live as each (of us) can”, the old sailor growled",
          "text": "“dzīvojam, kā kurais prot,” vecais jūrnieks norūca",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "you have been good to me, I want to be good to you, as (much) as I, poor fool, am able",
          "text": "tu esi man laba bijusi, es gribu tev laba būt, kā jau nu es, muļķe, protu",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to know, to be able"
      ],
      "id": "en-prast-lv-verb-YQoPJUBk",
      "links": [
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "be able",
          "be able"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitively) to know, to be able"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pɾast]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "prast"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian a/o/a-s/t type first conjugation verbs",
    "Latvian ambitransitive verbs",
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian first conjugation verbs",
    "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t",
    "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latvian terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Latvian undefined derivations",
    "Latvian verbs",
    "lv:Thinking"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "prefixed verbs:"
    },
    {
      "word": "izprast"
    },
    {
      "word": "noprast"
    },
    {
      "word": "pārprast"
    },
    {
      "word": "pieprast"
    },
    {
      "word": "saprast"
    },
    {
      "word": "prasties"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*prasti"
      },
      "expansion": "*prasti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*prat-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "*prat-ti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*prat-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *prat-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pret-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pret-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*prot-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to understand"
      },
      "expansion": "*prot- (“to understand”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*prantuo"
      },
      "expansion": "*prantuo",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*prantu"
      },
      "expansion": "*prantu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "protu"
      },
      "expansion": "protu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "prast"
      },
      "expansion": "prast",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "saprast"
      },
      "expansion": "saprast",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pràsti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to get used to, to understand, to perceive"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pràsti (“to get used to, to understand, to perceive”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "issprestun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to understand"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian issprestun (“to understand”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "izprast"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian izprast",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to think, to recognize, to understand"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan, “to think, to recognize, to understand”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mind, intelligence"
      },
      "expansion": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹 (fraþi, “mind, intelligence”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "interpres",
        "3": "",
        "4": "intermediary, mediator, interpreter"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin interpres (“intermediary, mediator, interpreter”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "pratim"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A pratim",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From an earlier *prasti, from *prat-ti, from Proto-Baltic *prat-, from Proto-Indo-European *pret-, *prot- (“to understand”); the first-person form is derived from a variant with an extra n, *prantuo, from *prantu, from protu. Up until the 17th century, prast basically meant “to understand,” “to perceive,” i.e, it was synonymous with saprast; the present-day meaning occurred alongside the older meaning and became dominant only by the end of the 19th century. Cognates include Lithuanian pràsti (“to get used to, to understand, to perceive”), Old Prussian issprestun (“to understand”) (compare Latvian izprast), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan, “to think, to recognize, to understand”), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹 (fraþi, “mind, intelligence”), Latin interpres (“intermediary, mediator, interpreter”), Tocharian A pratim, etc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protu",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proti",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prot",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratu",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīšu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prata",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai prot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīsit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prata",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai prot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protošs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "participle-1",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot pratis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prazdams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-2",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratīšot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-3",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai protot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "participle-4",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pratis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prastu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "protams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būtu pratis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prasts",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāprot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būt jāprot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot jāprot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-1",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neprast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāprotot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-2",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "prašana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "",
        "11": "present",
        "12": "protu, proti, prot",
        "13": "past",
        "14": "pratu",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "transitive or intransitive",
        "4": "",
        "5": "1st conjugation",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "head": "prast"
      },
      "expansion": "prast (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present protu, proti, prot, past pratu)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr-intr",
        "2": "1st",
        "3": "prot",
        "4": "prot",
        "5": "i",
        "6": "prat"
      },
      "expansion": "prast (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present protu, proti, prot, past pratu)",
      "name": "lv-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pra",
        "2": "prot",
        "3": "1st",
        "4": "prot",
        "5": "i",
        "6": "prat",
        "7": "ī",
        "8": "a/o/a-s/t"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pra",
        "2": "prot",
        "3": "prot",
        "4": "i",
        "5": "prat",
        "6": "ī",
        "7": "a/o/a-s/t",
        "inf": "",
        "kc": "",
        "pass": "",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "stem2": "",
        "sz": "",
        "width": "100%",
        "zstd": "t"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "protu",
        "10": "pratāt",
        "11": "pratīšu",
        "12": "pratīsi",
        "13": "pratīs",
        "14": "pratīsim",
        "15": "pratīsiet,\npratīsit",
        "16": "proti",
        "17": "protiet",
        "18": "protot",
        "19": "pratīšot",
        "2": "proti",
        "20": "prastu",
        "21": "jāprot",
        "22": "jāprotot",
        "23": "protošs",
        "24": "prazdams",
        "25": "protot",
        "26": "protam",
        "27": "pratis",
        "28": "protams",
        "29": "prasts",
        "3": "prot",
        "30": "prašana",
        "4": "protam",
        "5": "protat",
        "6": "pratu",
        "7": "prati",
        "8": "prata",
        "9": "pratām",
        "inf": "",
        "pass": "",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "width": "100%"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "prāts"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to know how to sew, draw, read",
          "text": "prast šūt, zīmēt, lasīt",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Oto knew well all the work of fishing",
          "text": "Oto labi prata visus zvejas darbus",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to know how to, to be able to do (a certain activity, task, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "infinitive",
          "infinitive"
        ],
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "be able to",
          "be able to"
        ],
        [
          "certain",
          "certain"
        ],
        [
          "activity",
          "activity"
        ],
        [
          "task",
          "task"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often with an infinitive) to know how to, to be able to do (a certain activity, task, etc.)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with an infinitive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "often",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Pushkin knew several languages",
          "text": "Puškins prata vairākas valodas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he knew English well and could read all books and magazines without any difficulty",
          "text": "viņš labi prata angļu valodu un bez kādām grūtībām varēja lasīt katru grāmatu vai laikrakstu",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to know, to speak, to be fluent in (a language)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "fluent",
          "fluent"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "“we live as each (of us) can”, the old sailor growled",
          "text": "“dzīvojam, kā kurais prot,” vecais jūrnieks norūca",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "you have been good to me, I want to be good to you, as (much) as I, poor fool, am able",
          "text": "tu esi man laba bijusi, es gribu tev laba būt, kā jau nu es, muļķe, protu",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to know, to be able"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "be able",
          "be able"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitively) to know, to be able"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pɾast]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "of \"know how\"",
      "word": "jēgt"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"know how\"",
      "word": "mācēt"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"be able to, capable of\"",
      "word": "spēt"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"be able to, capable of\"",
      "word": "varēt"
    }
  ],
  "word": "prast"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.