See porumb on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "porumbel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "porumbiță"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "palumbus",
"4": "",
"5": "wood-pigeon, ringdove",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin palumbus (“wood-pigeon, ringdove”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "palumbus",
"4": "",
"5": "wood-pigeon, ringdove"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin palumbus (“wood-pigeon, ringdove”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pal-wo",
"4": "",
"5": "dark-colored, gray"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pal-wo (“dark-colored, gray”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin palumbus (“wood-pigeon, ringdove”), palumbes, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pal-wo (“dark-colored, gray”). The sense of \"maize\" or \"corn\" developed probably due to the similarity in appearance of a corn cob to the bird (a similar development occurred in Bulgarian or was calqued: гълъб (gǎlǎb, “dove”) and гълъби (gǎlǎbi, “corn/maize”). Compare also Spanish and Galician carrizo (“reed; also wren; hornet”), which while unrelated, is another example of the semantic change between a word for a plant and animal. The original sense in Romanian was that of a pigeon or dove, but today the derived diminutive term porumbel is mostly used. The arrival of the crop occurred in the 1680s and spread quickly throughout the country, in areas where wheat was previously dominant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "porumbi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "porumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "porumbi"
},
"expansion": "porumb m (plural porumbi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "porumbilor",
"gpi": "porumbi",
"gsd": "porumbului",
"gsi": "porumb",
"n": "",
"npd": "porumbii",
"npi": "porumbi",
"nsd": "porumbul",
"nsi": "porumb",
"vp": "porumbilor",
"vs": "porumbule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "porumbă"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "porumbac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "porumbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "știulete"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "ro:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"maize, corn"
],
"id": "en-porumb-ro-noun-vzRBO-yw",
"links": [
[
"maize",
"maize"
],
[
"corn",
"corn"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "păpușoi"
},
{
"word": "cucuruz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Columbids",
"orig": "ro:Columbids",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "ro:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pigeon, dove"
],
"id": "en-porumb-ro-noun-zDf9Z3mx",
"links": [
[
"pigeon",
"pigeon"
],
[
"dove",
"dove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) pigeon, dove"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "pigeon, dove",
"word": "porumbel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "pigeon, dove",
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "hulub"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/poˈrumb/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "post-1930s Cyrillic spelling",
"roman": "porumb",
"word": "порумб"
}
],
"word": "porumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"ro:Columbids",
"ro:Grains"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "porumbel"
},
{
"word": "porumbiță"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "palumbus",
"4": "",
"5": "wood-pigeon, ringdove",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin palumbus (“wood-pigeon, ringdove”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "palumbus",
"4": "",
"5": "wood-pigeon, ringdove"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin palumbus (“wood-pigeon, ringdove”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pal-wo",
"4": "",
"5": "dark-colored, gray"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pal-wo (“dark-colored, gray”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin palumbus (“wood-pigeon, ringdove”), palumbes, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pal-wo (“dark-colored, gray”). The sense of \"maize\" or \"corn\" developed probably due to the similarity in appearance of a corn cob to the bird (a similar development occurred in Bulgarian or was calqued: гълъб (gǎlǎb, “dove”) and гълъби (gǎlǎbi, “corn/maize”). Compare also Spanish and Galician carrizo (“reed; also wren; hornet”), which while unrelated, is another example of the semantic change between a word for a plant and animal. The original sense in Romanian was that of a pigeon or dove, but today the derived diminutive term porumbel is mostly used. The arrival of the crop occurred in the 1680s and spread quickly throughout the country, in areas where wheat was previously dominant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "porumbi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "porumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "porumbilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "porumbi"
},
"expansion": "porumb m (plural porumbi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "porumbilor",
"gpi": "porumbi",
"gsd": "porumbului",
"gsi": "porumb",
"n": "",
"npd": "porumbii",
"npi": "porumbi",
"nsd": "porumbul",
"nsi": "porumb",
"vp": "porumbilor",
"vs": "porumbule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "porumbă"
},
{
"word": "porumbac"
},
{
"word": "porumbar"
},
{
"word": "știulete"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"maize, corn"
],
"links": [
[
"maize",
"maize"
],
[
"corn",
"corn"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "păpușoi"
},
{
"word": "cucuruz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Romanian dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"pigeon, dove"
],
"links": [
[
"pigeon",
"pigeon"
],
[
"dove",
"dove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) pigeon, dove"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/poˈrumb/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "pigeon, dove",
"word": "porumbel"
},
{
"sense": "pigeon, dove",
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "hulub"
},
{
"english": "post-1930s Cyrillic spelling",
"roman": "porumb",
"word": "порумб"
}
],
"word": "porumb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for porumb meaning in All languages combined (4.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"porumb"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "porumb",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.