See permafrost on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for permafrost meaning in All languages combined (19.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perma",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "perma- + frost",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "perma- + frost",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "permafrost (countable and uncountable, plural permafrosts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with perma-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geomorphology",
"orig": "en:Geomorphology",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "permafrosted"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Johannes C. Nonner, Introduction to Hydrogeology, page 157",
"text": "Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof."
],
"id": "en-permafrost-en-noun-oE-xH7~l",
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cryogenesis"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "turba ṣaqīʕiyya",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تُربَةُ صَقِيعِيّة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "večno zamrǎznala počva",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "вечно замръзнала почва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisòl"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久冻土"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ikirouta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergélisol"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "maradi mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარადი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali niadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ნიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali kveniadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ქვენიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali grunṭi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი გრუნტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Permafrostboden"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "aoyoittoq",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talamh síorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "talamh shíorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"alt": "えいきゅうとうど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eikyūtōdo",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"alt": "永久凍土",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeonggudongto",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "영구동토"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mūžīgais sasalums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amžinasis įšalas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "večen mraz",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вечен мраз"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sheer-rio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "upokomārō pūmau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wieczna zmarzlina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnaja merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ве́чная мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permacongelamiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisuelo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisol"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente congelado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente helado"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčna merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "багаторі́чна мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "víčna merzlota",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ві́чна мерзлота"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"North",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhew parhaol"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"South",
"masculine"
],
"word": "iâ parhaol"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:permafrost"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "English permafrost",
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English permafrost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "-",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
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],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧ma‧frost"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"glosses": [
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"id": "en-permafrost-nl-noun-LuGrlblk",
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[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
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],
"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr.maːˌfrɔst/"
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{
"audio": "Nl-permafrost.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Nl-permafrost.ogg/Nl-permafrost.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Nl-permafrost.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
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"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "perma-",
"3": "frost"
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"expansion": "perma- + frost",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From perma- + frost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (plural permafrosts)",
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"id": "en-permafrost-fr-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "English permafrost",
"name": "der"
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],
"etymology_text": "From English permafrost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"glosses": [
"permafrost"
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"id": "en-permafrost-nb-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
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"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
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}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
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"3": "permafrost"
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],
"etymology_text": "From English permafrost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"glosses": [
"permafrost"
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"id": "en-permafrost-nn-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
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"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
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],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
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"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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{
"kind": "topical",
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"glosses": [
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"id": "en-permafrost-pt-noun-Mtbny1Ty",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) permafrost (permanently frozen ground)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɾ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɾ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃ.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɻ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɻ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨɾ.mɐˈfɾɔʃt/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "de",
"3": "Permafrost",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German Permafrost",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
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},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Permafrost",
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{
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"expansion": "French permafrost",
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
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"tags": [
"inflection-template"
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},
{
"form": "permafrost",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "permafrosturi"
},
"expansion": "permafrost n (plural permafrosturi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "permafrosturilor",
"gpi": "permafrosturi",
"gsd": "permafrostului",
"gsi": "permafrost",
"n": "",
"npd": "permafrosturile",
"npi": "permafrosturi",
"nsd": "permafrostul",
"nsi": "permafrost",
"vp": "permafrosturilor",
"vs": "permafrostule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"id": "en-permafrost-ro-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English permafrost",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English permafrost",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English permafrost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧ma‧frost"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "es:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"id": "en-permafrost-es-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) permafrost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"word": "permacongelamiento"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peɾmaˈfɾost/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peɾ.maˈfɾost̪]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ost"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-noun-unc-irreg-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "permafrost c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "permafrost c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "permafrost",
"2": "permafrosten",
"3": "-",
"4": "-",
"5": "permafrosts",
"6": "permafrostens",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"base": "permafrost",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common",
"uncountable": "yes"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"id": "en-permafrost-sv-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "frozen ground",
"word": "tjäle"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "English permafrost",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English permafrost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧ma‧frost"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch terms borrowed from English",
"Dutch terms derived from English",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr.maːˌfrɔst/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-permafrost.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Nl-permafrost.ogg/Nl-permafrost.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Nl-permafrost.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "permafrosted"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perma",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "perma- + frost",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "perma- + frost",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "permafrost (countable and uncountable, plural permafrosts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cryogenesis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with perma-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"en:Geomorphology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Johannes C. Nonner, Introduction to Hydrogeology, page 157",
"text": "Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof."
],
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:permafrost"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "turba ṣaqīʕiyya",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تُربَةُ صَقِيعِيّة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "večno zamrǎznala počva",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "вечно замръзнала почва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisòl"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久冻土"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ikirouta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergélisol"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "maradi mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარადი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali niadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ნიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali kveniadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ქვენიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali grunṭi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი გრუნტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Permafrostboden"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "aoyoittoq",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talamh síorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "talamh shíorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"alt": "えいきゅうとうど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eikyūtōdo",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"alt": "永久凍土",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeonggudongto",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "영구동토"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mūžīgais sasalums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amžinasis įšalas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "večen mraz",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вечен мраз"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sheer-rio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "upokomārō pūmau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wieczna zmarzlina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnaja merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ве́чная мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permacongelamiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisuelo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisol"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente congelado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente helado"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčna merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "багаторі́чна мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "víčna merzlota",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ві́чна мерзлота"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"North",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhew parhaol"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"South",
"masculine"
],
"word": "iâ parhaol"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "perma-",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "perma- + frost",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From perma- + frost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (plural permafrosts)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms prefixed with perma-"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "English permafrost",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English permafrost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from English",
"Norwegian Bokmål uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "English permafrost",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English permafrost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from English",
"Norwegian Nynorsk uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese 4-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese uncountable nouns",
"pt:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost (permanently frozen ground)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) permafrost (permanently frozen ground)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɾ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɾ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃ.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɻ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɻ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨɾ.mɐˈfɾɔʃt/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "de",
"3": "Permafrost",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German Permafrost",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "de",
"3": "Permafrost"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Permafrost",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "French permafrost",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Permafrost or French permafrost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "permafrosturi"
},
"expansion": "permafrost n (plural permafrosturi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "permafrosturilor",
"gpi": "permafrosturi",
"gsd": "permafrostului",
"gsi": "permafrost",
"n": "",
"npd": "permafrosturile",
"npi": "permafrosturi",
"nsd": "permafrostul",
"nsi": "permafrost",
"vp": "permafrosturilor",
"vs": "permafrostule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from German",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from German"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English permafrost",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English permafrost",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English permafrost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧ma‧frost"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/ost",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ost/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from English",
"Spanish terms derived from English",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish uncountable nouns",
"es:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) permafrost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"word": "permacongelamiento"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peɾmaˈfɾost/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peɾ.maˈfɾost̪]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ost"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-noun-unc-irreg-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "permafrost c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "permafrost c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "permafrost",
"2": "permafrosten",
"3": "-",
"4": "-",
"5": "permafrosts",
"6": "permafrostens",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"base": "permafrost",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common",
"uncountable": "yes"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "frozen ground",
"word": "tjäle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Swedish nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.