See permafrost on Wiktionary
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"derived": [
{
"word": "permafrosted"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Johannes C. Nonner, Introduction to Hydrogeology, →ISBN, page 157:",
"text": "Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 July 21, Christopher R. Penton et al., “Denitrifying and diazotrophic community responses to artificial warming in permafrost and tallgrass prairie soils”, in Frontiers in Microbiology, volume 6, →DOI:",
"text": "In agreement with our overall trends within the permafrost samples, lower nirK and nirS and higher nosZ diversity have been identified in cryoturbated peat vs. unturbated peat soils (Palmer and Horn, 2012 ).",
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-permafrost-en-noun-oE-xH7~l",
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[
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"related": [
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"word": "cryogenesis"
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"tags": [
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"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "turba ṣaqīʕiyya",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تُربَةُ صَقِيعِيّة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "večno zamrǎznala počva",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "вечно замръзнала почва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
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"masculine"
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"word": "pergelisòl"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土 /永久冻土"
},
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"code": "nl",
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ikirouta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergélisol"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
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"roman": "maradi mzraloba",
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"word": "მარადი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ნიადაგი"
},
{
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
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},
{
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"roman": "marad mzrali grunṭi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი გრუნტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Permafrostboden"
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{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "aoyoittoq",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talamh síorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
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{
"code": "it",
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
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"word": "permafrost"
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{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permagelo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permaghiaccio"
},
{
"alt": "えいきゅうとうど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eikyūtōdo",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"alt": "永久凍土",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeonggudongto",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "영구동토"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mūžīgais sasalums"
},
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"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amžinasis įšalas"
},
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"code": "mk",
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"roman": "večen mraz",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "вечен мраз"
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"code": "ms",
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
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{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sheer-rio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "upokomārō pūmau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
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"code": "nn",
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{
"code": "pl",
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"feminine"
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"word": "wieczna zmarzlina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
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"code": "ru",
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"roman": "véčnaja merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ве́чная мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "es",
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{
"code": "es",
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"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
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"word": "permacongelamiento"
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{
"code": "es",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permagel"
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"code": "es",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisuelo"
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"code": "es",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisol"
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{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente congelado / helado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "permahielo"
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{
"code": "es",
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"feminine"
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"word": "багаторі́чна мерзлота́"
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"id": "en-permafrost-nn-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
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"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
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],
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"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
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},
{
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"geology",
"geology"
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[
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"permafrost#English"
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"(geology) permafrost (permanently frozen ground)"
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"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
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],
"sounds": [
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"tags": [
"Brazil"
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},
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"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
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},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
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},
{
"ipa": "/peɾ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
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},
{
"ipa": "/peɾ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
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"São-Paulo"
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},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃ.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
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},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɻ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɻ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
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"Southern-Brazil"
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}
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"form": "permafrosturi",
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"plural"
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},
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{
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},
{
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"accusative",
"indefinite",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "permafrosturile",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "permafrosturi"
},
"expansion": "permafrost n (plural permafrosturi)",
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "permafrosturilor",
"gpi": "permafrosturi",
"gsd": "permafrostului",
"gsi": "permafrost",
"n": "",
"npd": "permafrosturile",
"npi": "permafrosturi",
"nsd": "permafrostul",
"nsi": "permafrost",
"vp": "permafrosturilor",
"vs": "permafrostule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"id": "en-permafrost-ro-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English permafrost",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English permafrost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧ma‧frost"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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},
{
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "es:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"id": "en-permafrost-es-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) permafrost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"word": "permacongelamiento"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peɾmaˈfɾost/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peɾ.maˈfɾost̪]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ost"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "permafrost c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "permafrost c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"id": "en-permafrost-sv-noun-LuGrlblk",
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "frozen ground",
"word": "tjäle"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English permafrost",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English permafrost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧ma‧frost"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch terms borrowed from English",
"Dutch terms derived from English",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr.maːˌfrɔst/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-permafrost.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Nl-permafrost.ogg/Nl-permafrost.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Nl-permafrost.ogg"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "permafrosted"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perma-",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "perma- + frost",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From perma- + frost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "permafrost (countable and uncountable, plural permafrosts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cryogenesis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with perma-",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Inuktitut translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Climatology",
"en:Geomorphology",
"en:Ice",
"en:Soil science"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Johannes C. Nonner, Introduction to Hydrogeology, →ISBN, page 157:",
"text": "Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 July 21, Christopher R. Penton et al., “Denitrifying and diazotrophic community responses to artificial warming in permafrost and tallgrass prairie soils”, in Frontiers in Microbiology, volume 6, →DOI:",
"text": "In agreement with our overall trends within the permafrost samples, lower nirK and nirS and higher nosZ diversity have been identified in cryoturbated peat vs. unturbated peat soils (Palmer and Horn, 2012 ).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof."
],
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Permafrost Kingdom",
"permafrost"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "turba ṣaqīʕiyya",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تُربَةُ صَقِيعِيّة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "večno zamrǎznala počva",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "вечно замръзнала почва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisòl"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土 /永久冻土"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ikirouta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergélisol"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "maradi mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარადი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali niadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ნიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali kveniadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ქვენიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali grunṭi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი გრუნტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Permafrostboden"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "aoyoittoq",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talamh síorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "talamh shíorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permagelo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permaghiaccio"
},
{
"alt": "えいきゅうとうど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eikyūtōdo",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"alt": "永久凍土",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeonggudongto",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "영구동토"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mūžīgais sasalums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amžinasis įšalas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "večen mraz",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вечен мраз"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sheer-rio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "upokomārō pūmau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wieczna zmarzlina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnaja merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ве́чная мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permacongelamiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisuelo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisol"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente congelado / helado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permahielo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gelisuelo"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčna merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "багаторі́чна мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "víčna merzlota",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ві́чна мерзлота"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"North",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhew parhaol"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"South",
"masculine"
],
"word": "iâ parhaol"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "perma-",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "perma- + frost",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From perma- + frost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (plural permafrosts)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms prefixed with perma-",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "English permafrost",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English permafrost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from English",
"Norwegian Bokmål uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English permafrost",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English permafrost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from English",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from English",
"Norwegian Nynorsk uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese 4-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese uncountable nouns",
"pt:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost (permanently frozen ground)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) permafrost (permanently frozen ground)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɾ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɾ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃ.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɻ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɻ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "de",
"3": "Permafrost"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Permafrost",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "French permafrost",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Permafrost or French permafrost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "permafrosturi"
},
"expansion": "permafrost n (plural permafrosturi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "permafrosturilor",
"gpi": "permafrosturi",
"gsd": "permafrostului",
"gsi": "permafrost",
"n": "",
"npd": "permafrosturile",
"npi": "permafrosturi",
"nsd": "permafrostul",
"nsi": "permafrost",
"vp": "permafrosturilor",
"vs": "permafrostule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from German",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from German"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "permafrost"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English permafrost",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English permafrost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "permafrost m (uncountable)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧ma‧frost"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ost",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ost/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from English",
"Spanish terms derived from English",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish uncountable nouns",
"es:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) permafrost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"word": "permacongelamiento"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peɾmaˈfɾost/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peɾ.maˈfɾost̪]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ost"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrost",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrosten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "permafrostens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "permafrost c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "permafrost c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "frozen ground",
"word": "tjäle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Swedish nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"permafrost"
],
"links": [
[
"permafrost",
"permafrost#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
Download raw JSONL data for permafrost meaning in All languages combined (20.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"permafrost"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "permafrost",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113b",
"msg": "Rowspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"permafrost"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "permafrost",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.