See permafrost in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for permafrost meaning in English (8.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perma",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "perma- + frost",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "perma- + frost",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "permafrost (countable and uncountable, plural permafrosts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with perma-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geomorphology",
"orig": "en:Geomorphology",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "permafrosted"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Johannes C. Nonner, Introduction to Hydrogeology, page 157",
"text": "Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof."
],
"id": "en-permafrost-en-noun-oE-xH7~l",
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cryogenesis"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "turba ṣaqīʕiyya",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تُربَةُ صَقِيعِيّة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "večno zamrǎznala počva",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "вечно замръзнала почва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisòl"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久冻土"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ikirouta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergélisol"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "maradi mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარადი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali niadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ნიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali kveniadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ქვენიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali grunṭi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი გრუნტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Permafrostboden"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "aoyoittoq",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talamh síorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "talamh shíorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"alt": "えいきゅうとうど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eikyūtōdo",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"alt": "永久凍土",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeonggudongto",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "영구동토"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mūžīgais sasalums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amžinasis įšalas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "večen mraz",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вечен мраз"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sheer-rio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "upokomārō pūmau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wieczna zmarzlina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnaja merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ве́чная мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permacongelamiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisuelo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisol"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente congelado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente helado"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčna merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "багаторі́чна мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "víčna merzlota",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ві́чна мерзлота"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"North",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhew parhaol"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"South",
"masculine"
],
"word": "iâ parhaol"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:permafrost"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "permafrosted"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perma",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "perma- + frost",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "perma- + frost",
"forms": [
{
"form": "permafrosts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "permafrost (countable and uncountable, plural permafrosts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cryogenesis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with perma-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"en:Geomorphology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Johannes C. Nonner, Introduction to Hydrogeology, page 157",
"text": "Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof."
],
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:permafrost"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-permafrost.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "turba ṣaqīʕiyya",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تُربَةُ صَقِيعِيّة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "večno zamrǎznala počva",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "вечно замръзнала почва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisòl"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久冻土"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ikirouta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergélisol"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mravalc̣lovani mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მრავალწლოვანი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "maradi mzraloba",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარადი მზრალობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali niadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ნიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali kveniadagi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი ქვენიადაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "marad mzrali grunṭi",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "მარად მზრალი გრუნტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Permafrostboden"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "aoyoittoq",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talamh síorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "talamh shíorshioctha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"alt": "えいきゅうとうど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eikyūtōdo",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "永久凍土"
},
{
"alt": "永久凍土",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeonggudongto",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "영구동토"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mūžīgais sasalums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amžinasis įšalas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "večen mraz",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вечен мраз"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "ibun abadi"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sheer-rio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"word": "upokomārō pūmau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wieczna zmarzlina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "véčnaja merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ве́чная мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permafrost"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permacongelamiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "permagel"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisuelo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pergelisol"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente congelado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suelo permanentemente helado"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bahatoríčna merzlotá",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "багаторі́чна мерзлота́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "víčna merzlota",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ві́чна мерзлота"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"North",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhew parhaol"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "permanently frozen ground",
"tags": [
"South",
"masculine"
],
"word": "iâ parhaol"
}
],
"word": "permafrost"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.