See penurunan on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for penurunan meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penurunan bentuk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "turun",
"3": "peng- -an"
},
"expansion": "turun + peng- -an",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penurunan"
},
"expansion": "Malay penurunan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed turun + peng- -an, from Malay penurunan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pênurunan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunan-penurunan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunanku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunanmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunannya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "pênurunan",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "pênurunan (plural penurunan-penurunan, first-person possessive penurunanku, second-person possessive penurunanmu, third-person possessive penurunannya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pê‧nu‧run‧an"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 11 10 10 3 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms circumfixed with peng- -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lowering, reducing, decline, decrement, loss, decrease"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-Mje3iL~V",
"links": [
[
"lowering",
"lowering"
],
[
"reducing",
"reducing"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"decrement",
"decrement"
],
[
"loss",
"loss"
],
[
"decrease",
"decrease"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reduction:",
"The act, process, or result of reducing."
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-DvldslU6",
"links": [
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pengurangan"
},
{
"word": "reduksi"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reduction:",
"The amount or rate by which something is reduced, e.g. in price."
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-qWqUYp3p",
"links": [
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pemotongan"
},
{
"word": "reduksi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 11 10 10 3 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms circumfixed with peng- -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"discharging (of passenger)"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-e7K76U8r",
"links": [
[
"discharging",
"discharging"
],
[
"passenger",
"passenger"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"unloading"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-t4zOc~xg",
"links": [
[
"unloading",
"unloading"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pembongkaran"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"downgrading"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-i0iqhjZ-",
"links": [
[
"downgrading",
"downgrading"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"subsidence"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-fO0w67nn",
"links": [
[
"subsidence",
"subsidence"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 4 8 5 5 5 40 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 11 10 10 3 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms circumfixed with peng- -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 4 10 7 7 5 34 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"derivation, deriving"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-enU6KqXp",
"links": [
[
"derivation",
"derivation"
],
[
"deriving",
"deriving"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 11 10 10 3 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms circumfixed with peng- -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"descent, slope"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-id-noun-dijetiLj",
"links": [
[
"descent",
"descent"
],
[
"slope",
"slope"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) descent, slope"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pə.nu.ˈrʊn.an/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:penurunan"
],
"word": "penurunan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "penurunan"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: penurunan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: penurunan"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurunan-penurunan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunanku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunanmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunannya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "penurunan (plural penurunan-penurunan, informal 1st possessive penurunanku, 2nd possessive penurunanmu, 3rd possessive penurunannya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fall"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-ms-noun-LcRq8beM",
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "ms:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(Indonesian)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reduction:",
"the rewriting of an expression into a simpler form."
],
"id": "en-penurunan-ms-noun-ElymGBDK",
"links": [
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
],
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"reduction:",
"(mathematics) the rewriting of an expression into a simpler form."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penyederhanaan"
}
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "ms:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(Indonesian)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reduction:",
"a reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen."
],
"id": "en-penurunan-ms-noun--QbZoDfi",
"links": [
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
],
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"reduction:",
"(chemistry) a reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "reduksi"
}
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 19 28 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 20 24 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disembarkation"
],
"id": "en-penurunan-ms-noun-z7aFK92i",
"links": [
[
"disembarkation",
"disembarkation"
]
]
}
],
"word": "penurunan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 4-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms circumfixed with peng- -an",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/an",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/an/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penurunan bentuk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "turun",
"3": "peng- -an"
},
"expansion": "turun + peng- -an",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penurunan"
},
"expansion": "Malay penurunan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed turun + peng- -an, from Malay penurunan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pênurunan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunan-penurunan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunanku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunanmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunannya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "pênurunan",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "pênurunan (plural penurunan-penurunan, first-person possessive penurunanku, second-person possessive penurunanmu, third-person possessive penurunannya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pê‧nu‧run‧an"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lowering, reducing, decline, decrement, loss, decrease"
],
"links": [
[
"lowering",
"lowering"
],
[
"reducing",
"reducing"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"decrement",
"decrement"
],
[
"loss",
"loss"
],
[
"decrease",
"decrease"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reduction:",
"The act, process, or result of reducing."
],
"links": [
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pengurangan"
},
{
"word": "reduksi"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reduction:",
"The amount or rate by which something is reduced, e.g. in price."
],
"links": [
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pemotongan"
},
{
"word": "reduksi"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"discharging (of passenger)"
],
"links": [
[
"discharging",
"discharging"
],
[
"passenger",
"passenger"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"unloading"
],
"links": [
[
"unloading",
"unloading"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pembongkaran"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"downgrading"
],
"links": [
[
"downgrading",
"downgrading"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"subsidence"
],
"links": [
[
"subsidence",
"subsidence"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"derivation, deriving"
],
"links": [
[
"derivation",
"derivation"
],
[
"deriving",
"deriving"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"descent, slope"
],
"links": [
[
"descent",
"descent"
],
[
"slope",
"slope"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) descent, slope"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pə.nu.ˈrʊn.an/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:penurunan"
],
"word": "penurunan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms with redundant script codes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "penurunan"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: penurunan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: penurunan"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurunan-penurunan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunanku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunanmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penurunannya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "penurunan (plural penurunan-penurunan, informal 1st possessive penurunanku, 2nd possessive penurunanmu, 3rd possessive penurunannya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fall"
],
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ms:Mathematics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(Indonesian)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reduction:",
"the rewriting of an expression into a simpler form."
],
"links": [
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
],
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"reduction:",
"(mathematics) the rewriting of an expression into a simpler form."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penyederhanaan"
}
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ms:Chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(Indonesian)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reduction:",
"a reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen."
],
"links": [
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
],
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"reduction:",
"(chemistry) a reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "reduksi"
}
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"disembarkation"
],
"links": [
[
"disembarkation",
"disembarkation"
]
]
}
],
"word": "penurunan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.