See penoso on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penosamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penosità"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pena",
"3": "oso"
},
"expansion": "pena + -oso",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -oso.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penosa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "penosi",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penose",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penosissimo",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"sup": "penosissimo"
},
"expansion": "penoso (feminine penosa, masculine plural penosi, feminine plural penose, superlative penosissimo)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nó‧so"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pathetic, pitiful"
],
"id": "en-penoso-it-adj-QLFd95nk",
"links": [
[
"pathetic",
"pathetic"
],
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"painful"
],
"id": "en-penoso-it-adj-X18lPiHr",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 13 62 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 55 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian terms suffixed with -oso",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 20 4 22 3 5 22 0 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 20 2 25 2 3 25 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anxious"
],
"id": "en-penoso-it-adj--u9hbfLs",
"links": [
[
"anxious",
"anxious"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficult"
],
"id": "en-penoso-it-adj-HkRTqYyd",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.zo/"
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.so/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ozo"
},
{
"rhymes": "(traditional) -oso"
}
],
"word": "penoso"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penosamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penosidade"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena",
"3": "-oso"
},
"expansion": "pena + -oso",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -oso.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penosa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "penosos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penosas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metaphonic",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"meta": "1"
},
"expansion": "penoso (feminine penosa, masculine plural penosos, feminine plural penosas, metaphonic)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧no‧so"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 20 4 22 3 5 22 0 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 20 2 25 2 3 25 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese adjectives with metaphony",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese terms suffixed with -oso",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"painful"
],
"id": "en-penoso-pt-adj-X18lPiHr",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "doloroso"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficult, arduous"
],
"id": "en-penoso-pt-adj-g0Dgo4c1",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"arduous",
"arduous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "difícil"
},
{
"word": "árduo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.zu/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.zu/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.zo/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈno.zu/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ozu"
}
],
"word": "penoso"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penosidad"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pena",
"3": "oso"
},
"expansion": "pena + -oso",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -oso.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penosa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "penosos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penosas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penoso (feminine penosa, masculine plural penosos, feminine plural penosas)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧no‧so"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tough, difficult"
],
"id": "en-penoso-es-adj-b8xDDUGN",
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "difícil"
},
{
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"word": "trabajoso"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 20 4 22 3 5 22 0 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 20 2 25 2 3 25 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 53 1 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 42 7 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -oso",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"painful"
],
"id": "en-penoso-es-adj-X18lPiHr",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "doloroso"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"awful, pitiful"
],
"id": "en-penoso-es-adj--UJF0cZH",
"links": [
[
"awful",
"awful"
],
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mexican Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 20 4 22 3 5 22 0 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 20 2 25 2 3 25 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 42 7 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -oso",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"timid, easily embarrassed"
],
"id": "en-penoso-es-adj-R54CEk2A",
"links": [
[
"timid",
"timid"
],
[
"embarrassed",
"embarrassed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mexico) timid, easily embarrassed"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tímido"
},
{
"word": "vergonzoso"
}
],
"tags": [
"Mexico"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnoso/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈno.so]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oso"
}
],
"word": "penoso"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian adjectives",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian terms suffixed with -oso",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/oso",
"Rhymes:Italian/oso/3 syllables",
"Rhymes:Italian/ozo",
"Rhymes:Italian/ozo/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penosamente"
},
{
"word": "penosità"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pena",
"3": "oso"
},
"expansion": "pena + -oso",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -oso.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penosa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "penosi",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penose",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penosissimo",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"sup": "penosissimo"
},
"expansion": "penoso (feminine penosa, masculine plural penosi, feminine plural penose, superlative penosissimo)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nó‧so"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pathetic, pitiful"
],
"links": [
[
"pathetic",
"pathetic"
],
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"painful"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anxious"
],
"links": [
[
"anxious",
"anxious"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficult"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.zo/"
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.so/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ozo"
},
{
"rhymes": "(traditional) -oso"
}
],
"word": "penoso"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese adjectives with metaphony",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese terms suffixed with -oso",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ozu",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ozu/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penosamente"
},
{
"word": "penosidade"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena",
"3": "-oso"
},
"expansion": "pena + -oso",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -oso.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penosa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "penosos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penosas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metaphonic",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"meta": "1"
},
"expansion": "penoso (feminine penosa, masculine plural penosos, feminine plural penosas, metaphonic)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧no‧so"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"painful"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "doloroso"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficult, arduous"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"arduous",
"arduous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "difícil"
},
{
"word": "árduo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.zu/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.zu/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈno.zo/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈno.zu/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ozu"
}
],
"word": "penoso"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/oso",
"Rhymes:Spanish/oso/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish terms suffixed with -oso",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penosidad"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pena",
"3": "oso"
},
"expansion": "pena + -oso",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -oso.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penosa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "penosos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penosas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penoso (feminine penosa, masculine plural penosos, feminine plural penosas)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧no‧so"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tough, difficult"
],
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "difícil"
},
{
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"word": "trabajoso"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"painful"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "doloroso"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"awful, pitiful"
],
"links": [
[
"awful",
"awful"
],
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mexican Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"timid, easily embarrassed"
],
"links": [
[
"timid",
"timid"
],
[
"embarrassed",
"embarrassed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mexico) timid, easily embarrassed"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tímido"
},
{
"word": "vergonzoso"
}
],
"tags": [
"Mexico"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnoso/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈno.so]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oso"
}
],
"word": "penoso"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penoso meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.