See pariah on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pariah meaning in All languages combined (10.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pariah arrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pariah dog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pariah kite"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ta",
"3": "பறையர்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil பறையர் (paṟaiyar)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "பறையன்",
"3": "",
"4": "drummer"
},
"expansion": "பறையன் (paṟaiyaṉ, “drummer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "பறை",
"3": "",
"4": "drum"
},
"expansion": "பறை (paṟai, “drum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ml",
"3": "പറയർ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam പറയർ (paṟayaṟ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "പറയൻ",
"3": "",
"4": "drummer"
},
"expansion": "പറയൻ (paṟayaṉ, “drummer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "പറ",
"3": "",
"4": "drum"
},
"expansion": "പറ (paṟa, “drum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "पर",
"4": "",
"5": "distant; outsider"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Tamil பறையர் (paṟaiyar), from பறையன் (paṟaiyaṉ, “drummer”), from பறை (paṟai, “drum”) or from Malayalam പറയർ (paṟayaṟ), from പറയൻ (paṟayaṉ, “drummer”), from പറ (paṟa, “drum”). Parai in Tamil or Para in Malayalam refers to a type of large drum designed to announce the king’s notices to the public. The people who made a living using the parai were called paraiyar; in the caste-based society they were in the lower strata, hence the derisive paraiah and pariah.\nAlternatively, derived from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pariahs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pariah (plural pariahs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1985, Robert Holmes, “The Two Doctors”, in Doctor Who, season 22, episode 4",
"text": "I’m a pariah, outlawed from Time Lord society.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Sylvia Ann Hewlett, “Prologue”, in Executive Presence",
"text": "[…] I went from being a much-feted author to a pariah, since one of the many problems of being trashed on the front page of the New York Times is that everyone is in the know.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of outcast: A person despised and excluded by their family, community, or society, especially a member of the untouchable castes in Indian society."
],
"id": "en-pariah-en-noun-wK9p9jB7",
"links": [
[
"outcast",
"outcast#English"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"despise",
"despise"
],
[
"excluded",
"excluded"
],
[
"their",
"their"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"untouchable",
"untouchable"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
],
[
"Indian",
"Indian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "A person despised and excluded by their family, community, or society, especially a member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "outcast"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "páryja",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "párij",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рий"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pària"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "paaria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "paaria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "párij",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́риј"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "párija",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рија"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâriyâ",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "پاریا"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parias"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pária"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "párija",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рия"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "parya"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 1 33",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "párija",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рія"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 53 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Marvin Harris, “The Abominable Pig”, in Food and Culture: A Reader, 3rd edition, New York City, pages 64–65",
"text": "As ecological conditions became unfavorable for pig raising, there was no alternative function which could redeem its existence. The creature became not only useless, but worse than useless—harmful, a curse to touch or merely to see—a pariah animal.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 2, Thomas L. Friedman, “I See Three Scenarios for How This War Ends”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "This scenario could lead to war crimes the scale of which has not been seen in Europe since the Nazis — crimes that would make Vladimir Putin, his cronies and Russia as a country all global pariahs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A similarly despised group of people or species of animal."
],
"id": "en-pariah-en-noun-xESHg5LY",
"links": [
[
"similarly",
"similarly"
],
[
"despise",
"despise"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A similarly despised group of people or species of animal."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an Indian breed, any stray dog in Indian contexts",
"word": "pariah dog"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 3 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 6 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 14 63",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "en:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of pariah dog: an Indian breed, any stray dog in Indian contexts."
],
"id": "en-pariah-en-noun-MG27LHN8",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"pariah dog",
"pariah dog#English"
],
[
"Indian",
"Indian"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
],
[
"any",
"any"
],
[
"stray dog",
"stray dog"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) Ellipsis of pariah dog: an Indian breed, any stray dog in Indian contexts."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹaɪə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-pariah.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-pariah.ogg/En-us-pariah.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-pariah.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-pariah.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-au-pariah.ogg/En-au-pariah.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-au-pariah.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Indian pariah dog",
"pariah",
"pye-dog"
],
"word": "pariah"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Malayalam",
"English terms borrowed from Tamil",
"English terms derived from Malayalam",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms derived from Tamil",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə/3 syllables",
"en:Dogs",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pariah arrack"
},
{
"word": "pariah dog"
},
{
"word": "pariah kite"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ta",
"3": "பறையர்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil பறையர் (paṟaiyar)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "பறையன்",
"3": "",
"4": "drummer"
},
"expansion": "பறையன் (paṟaiyaṉ, “drummer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "பறை",
"3": "",
"4": "drum"
},
"expansion": "பறை (paṟai, “drum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ml",
"3": "പറയർ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam പറയർ (paṟayaṟ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "പറയൻ",
"3": "",
"4": "drummer"
},
"expansion": "പറയൻ (paṟayaṉ, “drummer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "പറ",
"3": "",
"4": "drum"
},
"expansion": "പറ (paṟa, “drum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "पर",
"4": "",
"5": "distant; outsider"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Tamil பறையர் (paṟaiyar), from பறையன் (paṟaiyaṉ, “drummer”), from பறை (paṟai, “drum”) or from Malayalam പറയർ (paṟayaṟ), from പറയൻ (paṟayaṉ, “drummer”), from പറ (paṟa, “drum”). Parai in Tamil or Para in Malayalam refers to a type of large drum designed to announce the king’s notices to the public. The people who made a living using the parai were called paraiyar; in the caste-based society they were in the lower strata, hence the derisive paraiah and pariah.\nAlternatively, derived from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pariahs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pariah (plural pariahs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1985, Robert Holmes, “The Two Doctors”, in Doctor Who, season 22, episode 4",
"text": "I’m a pariah, outlawed from Time Lord society.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Sylvia Ann Hewlett, “Prologue”, in Executive Presence",
"text": "[…] I went from being a much-feted author to a pariah, since one of the many problems of being trashed on the front page of the New York Times is that everyone is in the know.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of outcast: A person despised and excluded by their family, community, or society, especially a member of the untouchable castes in Indian society."
],
"links": [
[
"outcast",
"outcast#English"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"despise",
"despise"
],
[
"excluded",
"excluded"
],
[
"their",
"their"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"untouchable",
"untouchable"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
],
[
"Indian",
"Indian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "A person despised and excluded by their family, community, or society, especially a member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "outcast"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Marvin Harris, “The Abominable Pig”, in Food and Culture: A Reader, 3rd edition, New York City, pages 64–65",
"text": "As ecological conditions became unfavorable for pig raising, there was no alternative function which could redeem its existence. The creature became not only useless, but worse than useless—harmful, a curse to touch or merely to see—a pariah animal.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 2, Thomas L. Friedman, “I See Three Scenarios for How This War Ends”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "This scenario could lead to war crimes the scale of which has not been seen in Europe since the Nazis — crimes that would make Vladimir Putin, his cronies and Russia as a country all global pariahs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A similarly despised group of people or species of animal."
],
"links": [
[
"similarly",
"similarly"
],
[
"despise",
"despise"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A similarly despised group of people or species of animal."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an Indian breed, any stray dog in Indian contexts",
"word": "pariah dog"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses",
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of pariah dog: an Indian breed, any stray dog in Indian contexts."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"pariah dog",
"pariah dog#English"
],
[
"Indian",
"Indian"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
],
[
"any",
"any"
],
[
"stray dog",
"stray dog"
],
[
"context",
"context"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) Ellipsis of pariah dog: an Indian breed, any stray dog in Indian contexts."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹaɪə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-pariah.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-pariah.ogg/En-us-pariah.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-pariah.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-pariah.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-au-pariah.ogg/En-au-pariah.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-au-pariah.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "páryja",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "párij",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рий"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pària"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "paaria"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "paaria"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Paria"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "párij",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́риј"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "párija",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рија"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâriyâ",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "پاریا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parias"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pária"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "párija",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рия"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"word": "parya"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "párija",
"sense": "member of the untouchable castes in Indian society",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рія"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Indian pariah dog",
"pariah",
"pye-dog"
],
"word": "pariah"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.