See paraf on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for paraf meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "paraaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch paraaf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fr",
"3": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "French paraphe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "paraphus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paraphus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch paraaf, from French paraphe, from Latin paraphus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paraf-paraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parafku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "parafmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "parafnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "paraf-paraf"
},
"expansion": "paraf (plural paraf-paraf, first-person possessive parafku, second-person possessive parafmu, third-person possessive parafnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧raf"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berparaf"
},
{
"word": "memaraf"
},
{
"word": "terparaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One's initials used as alternative for an autograph when signing."
],
"id": "en-paraf-id-noun-ze6~AhIU",
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"autograph",
"autograph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"word": "parap"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpa.raf]"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤارف",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "paraf-paraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parafku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "parafmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "parafnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤارف"
},
"expansion": "paraf (Jawi spelling ڤارف, plural paraf-paraf, informal 1st possessive parafku, 2nd possessive parafmu, 3rd possessive parafnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧raf"
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "parap"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "pemarafan [agentive"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "qualitative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "instrumental"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "abstract"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "measure + resultative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "locative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "collective"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "variety"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "verbal noun"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "fruit]"
},
{
"alt": "meN-",
"word": "memaraf [agent focus]"
},
{
"alt": "teR-",
"word": "terparaf [agentless action]"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"word": "berparaf [stative"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"roman": "beR-",
"word": "habitual]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of parap."
],
"id": "en-paraf-ms-noun-k~WWGbSS",
"links": [
[
"parap",
"parap#Malay"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "tandatangan"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈraf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-araf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-raf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-af"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paraph"
},
"expansion": "English: paraph",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: paraph"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "paraphus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin paraphus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "paraphus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "paraffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French paraffe",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "paraphe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "paragraphe"
},
"expansion": "paragraphe",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus or its etymon, Middle French paraffe, paraphe, shortening of paragraphe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "paraf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Textual division",
"orig": "enm:Textual division",
"parents": [
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A paragraph."
],
"id": "en-paraf-enm-noun-OGua~aoc",
"links": [
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A paragraph sign; a pilcrow."
],
"id": "en-paraf-enm-noun-gKxIR2Y6",
"links": [
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"pilcrow",
"pilcrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈraf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈparaf/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "paraffe"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fr",
"3": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "French paraphe",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French paraphe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "paraf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One's initials used as alternative for an autograph when signing."
],
"id": "en-paraf-tr-noun-ze6~AhIU",
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"autograph",
"autograph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
]
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "berparaf"
},
{
"word": "memaraf"
},
{
"word": "terparaf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "paraaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch paraaf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fr",
"3": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "French paraphe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "paraphus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paraphus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch paraaf, from French paraphe, from Latin paraphus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paraf-paraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parafku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "parafmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "parafnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "paraf-paraf"
},
"expansion": "paraf (plural paraf-paraf, first-person possessive parafku, second-person possessive parafmu, third-person possessive parafnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧raf"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from French",
"Indonesian terms derived from Latin",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"One's initials used as alternative for an autograph when signing."
],
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"autograph",
"autograph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpa.raf]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"word": "parap"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "pemarafan [agentive"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "qualitative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "instrumental"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "abstract"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "measure + resultative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "locative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "collective"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "variety"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "verbal noun"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "fruit]"
},
{
"alt": "meN-",
"word": "memaraf [agent focus]"
},
{
"alt": "teR-",
"word": "terparaf [agentless action]"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"word": "berparaf [stative"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"roman": "beR-",
"word": "habitual]"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤارف",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "paraf-paraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parafku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "parafmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "parafnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤارف"
},
"expansion": "paraf (Jawi spelling ڤارف, plural paraf-paraf, informal 1st possessive parafku, 2nd possessive parafmu, 3rd possessive parafnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧raf"
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "tandatangan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "parap"
}
],
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay obsolete forms",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:Malay/af",
"Rhymes:Malay/araf",
"Rhymes:Malay/raf"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of parap."
],
"links": [
[
"parap",
"parap#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈraf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-araf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-raf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-af"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English uncommon terms",
"enm:Textual division"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paraph"
},
"expansion": "English: paraph",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: paraph"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "paraphus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin paraphus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "paraphus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "paraffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French paraffe",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "paraphe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "paragraphe"
},
"expansion": "paragraphe",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus or its etymon, Middle French paraffe, paraphe, shortening of paragraphe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "paraf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A paragraph."
],
"links": [
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A paragraph sign; a pilcrow."
],
"links": [
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"pilcrow",
"pilcrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈraf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈparaf/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "paraffe"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fr",
"3": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "French paraphe",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French paraphe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "paraf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"One's initials used as alternative for an autograph when signing."
],
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"autograph",
"autograph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
]
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.