See paraf on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "paraaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch paraaf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fr",
"3": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "French paraphe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "paraphus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paraphus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch paraaf, from French paraphe, from Latin paraphus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "parap",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "paraf-paraf"
},
"expansion": "paraf (plural)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧raf"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berparaf"
},
{
"word": "memaraf"
},
{
"word": "terparaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One's initials used as alternative for an autograph when signing."
],
"id": "en-paraf-id-noun-ze6~AhIU",
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"autograph",
"autograph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpa.raf]"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤارف",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "paraf-paraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parafku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "parafmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "parafnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤارف"
},
"expansion": "paraf (Jawi spelling ڤارف, plural paraf-paraf, informal 1st possessive parafku, 2nd possessive parafmu, 3rd possessive parafnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧raf"
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "parap"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "pemarafan [agentive"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "qualitative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "instrumental"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "abstract"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "measure + resultative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "locative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "collective"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "variety"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "verbal noun"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "fruit]"
},
{
"alt": "meN-",
"word": "memaraf [agent focus]"
},
{
"alt": "teR-",
"word": "terparaf [agentless action]"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"word": "berparaf [stative"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"roman": "beR-",
"word": "habitual]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of parap."
],
"id": "en-paraf-ms-noun-k~WWGbSS",
"links": [
[
"parap",
"parap#Malay"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "tandatangan"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈraf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-araf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-raf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-af"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paraph"
},
"expansion": "English: paraph",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: paraph"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "paraphus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "paraffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French paraffe",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus or its etymon, Middle French paraffe, paraphe, shortening of paragraphe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paraffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "paraf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "uncommon",
"3": "mostly",
"4": "Late ME"
},
"expansion": "(uncommon, chiefly Late Middle English)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Textual division",
"orig": "enm:Textual division",
"parents": [
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A paragraph."
],
"id": "en-paraf-enm-noun-OGua~aoc",
"links": [
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Textual division",
"orig": "enm:Textual division",
"parents": [
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A paragraph sign; a pilcrow."
],
"id": "en-paraf-enm-noun-gKxIR2Y6",
"links": [
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"pilcrow",
"pilcrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈraf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈparaf/"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fr",
"3": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "French paraphe",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French paraphe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "paraf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One's initials used as alternative for an autograph when signing."
],
"id": "en-paraf-tr-noun-ze6~AhIU",
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"autograph",
"autograph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
]
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "berparaf"
},
{
"word": "memaraf"
},
{
"word": "terparaf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "paraaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch paraaf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fr",
"3": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "French paraphe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "paraphus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paraphus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch paraaf, from French paraphe, from Latin paraphus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "parap",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "paraf-paraf"
},
"expansion": "paraf (plural)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧raf"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from French",
"Indonesian terms derived from Latin",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"One's initials used as alternative for an autograph when signing."
],
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"autograph",
"autograph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpa.raf]"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "pemarafan [agentive"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "qualitative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "instrumental"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "abstract"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "measure + resultative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "locative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "collective"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "variety"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "verbal noun"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"word": "fruit]"
},
{
"alt": "meN-",
"word": "memaraf [agent focus]"
},
{
"alt": "teR-",
"word": "terparaf [agentless action]"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"word": "berparaf [stative"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"roman": "beR-",
"word": "habitual]"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤارف",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "paraf-paraf",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parafku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "parafmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "parafnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤارف"
},
"expansion": "paraf (Jawi spelling ڤارف, plural paraf-paraf, informal 1st possessive parafku, 2nd possessive parafmu, 3rd possessive parafnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧raf"
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "tandatangan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "parap"
}
],
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay obsolete forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/af",
"Rhymes:Malay/araf",
"Rhymes:Malay/raf"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of parap."
],
"links": [
[
"parap",
"parap#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈraf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-araf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-raf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-af"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
"Middle English uncommon terms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Textual division"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paraph"
},
"expansion": "English: paraph",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: paraph"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "paraphus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "paraffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French paraffe",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus or its etymon, Middle French paraffe, paraphe, shortening of paragraphe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paraffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "paraf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "uncommon",
"3": "mostly",
"4": "Late ME"
},
"expansion": "(uncommon, chiefly Late Middle English)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A paragraph."
],
"links": [
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A paragraph sign; a pilcrow."
],
"links": [
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"pilcrow",
"pilcrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈraf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈparaf/"
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fr",
"3": "paraphe"
},
"expansion": "French paraphe",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French paraphe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "paraf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"One's initials used as alternative for an autograph when signing."
],
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"autograph",
"autograph"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
]
}
],
"word": "paraf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for paraf meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.