See microcosm on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for microcosm meaning in All languages combined (19.4kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "macrocosm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "microcosme"
},
"expansion": "French microcosme",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "microcosmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin microcosmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μικρός",
"3": "",
"4": "small"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόσμος",
"3": "",
"4": "universe, order"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος (kósmos, “universe, order”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "micro",
"3": "cosm"
},
"expansion": "micro- + -cosm",
"name": "confix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French microcosme, from Latin microcosmus, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) + κόσμος (kósmos, “universe, order”); micro- + -cosm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "microcosms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "microcosm (plural microcosms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 4 25 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 4 25 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with micro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 4 30 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -cosm",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1972, Rolf Soellner, Shakespeare's Patterns of Self-Knowledge, Chapter 3: Microcosm and Macrocosm: Framing The Picture of Man, page 43",
"text": "The Christian humanists were emphatic in their demand that a man who wishes to understand himself must realize that he is a little world that reflects on a smaller scale the larger world of the universe. […] On the other hand, the whole idea of man as a microcosm was questioned by those who were not in sympathy with the Christian humanists."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Human nature or the human body as representative of the wider universe; man considered as a miniature counterpart of divine or universal nature."
],
"id": "en-microcosm-en-noun-uVn8KQV0",
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎoyǔzhòu",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosme"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mikrokósmos",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μικροκόσμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "micreacosma"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"alt": "しょううちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōuchū",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "souju",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "소우주"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "se lǣssa middangeard"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mikrokósm",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микроко́см"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mikrokósmos",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "микроко́смос"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 7 15 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "mikrokozmos"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The human body; a person."
],
"id": "en-microcosm-en-noun-2UKCp~fE",
"links": [
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The human body; a person."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 90 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obsolete: the human body, a person",
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 90 1 1",
"alt": "しょううちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōuchū",
"sense": "obsolete: the human body, a person",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 90 1 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "obsolete: the human body, a person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 90 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "obsolete: the human body, a person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 4 25 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with micro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999 December 16, Barry McIntyre, The Guardian",
"text": "‘In a sense, the problems experienced at Bristol are like a microcosm of what is happening in the NHS - experienced surgeons battling against difficult circumstances, with inadequate resources and in a culture where the finding of scapegoats appears to be put before the finding of solutions.’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2 - 2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Steve Bruce's side have swung from highs to lows in what has been at best a wildly inconsistent start to the season. They experienced a microcosm of this within the opening 45 minutes at the Stadium of Light.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 5",
"text": "It should come as no surprise to see promotional material and bulletin boards in the department’s languages, though English is also present in the signage of this microcosm of the institution.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A smaller system which is seen as representative of a larger one."
],
"id": "en-microcosm-en-noun-TLNFjZsK",
"links": [
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"representative",
"representative"
],
[
"of",
"of#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "27 3 61 9",
"sense": "smaller system representative of a larger one",
"word": "worldkin"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "縮影"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōyǐng",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "缩影"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "malli"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosme"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "miḳrosamq̇aro",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "მიკროსამყარო"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "miḳroḳosmosi",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "მიკროკოსმოსი"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smáheimur"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "örheimur"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"alt": "しょううちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōuchū",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"alt": "縮圖",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chukdo",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "축도"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mikrokósmos",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микроко́смос"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "se lǣssa middangeard"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "microcosm"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "microcosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mikromír",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микроми́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mikrokósm",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микроко́см"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "smalavol"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 3 60 8",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "mikrokosmod"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ecology",
"orig": "en:Ecology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 4 25 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with micro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Jerry C. Smrchek, Maurice G. Zeeman, Chapter 3: Assessing Risks to Ecological Systems from Chemicals, Peter P. Calow (editor), Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management, page 53",
"text": "The method is relatively labour intensive (24-30 microcosms are run) and more difficult to interpret when compared with other microcosm methods (Shannon et al. 1986; Cairns & Cherry 1993)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model."
],
"id": "en-microcosm-en-noun-Gph1JpNO",
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
],
[
"ecosystem",
"ecosystem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) A small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"word": "pienoismaailma"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"alt": "しょううちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōuchū",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 95",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"word": "mikrokozmos"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaɪ.kɹə(ʊ)ˌkɒz.əm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌkɑz.əm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-microcosm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-microcosm.ogg/En-us-microcosm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-microcosm.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-microcosm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/En-au-microcosm.ogg/En-au-microcosm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/En-au-microcosm.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "epitome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "exemplar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "paradigm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"microcosm"
],
"word": "microcosm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "microcosme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French microcosme",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "microcosme"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French microcosme",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French microcosme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "microcosmuri",
"tags": [
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un microcosm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște microcosmuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui microcosm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor microcosmuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "microcosmuri",
"pl_qual": "rare"
},
"expansion": "microcosm n (plural (rare) microcosmuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "microcosmurilor",
"gpi": "microcosmuri",
"gsd": "microcosmului",
"gsi": "microcosm",
"n": "",
"npd": "microcosmurile",
"npi": "microcosmuri",
"nsd": "microcosmul",
"nsi": "microcosm",
"vp": "microcosmurilor",
"vs": "microcosmule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "macrocosm"
},
{
"word": "macrocosmos"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"microcosm"
],
"id": "en-microcosm-ro-noun-qrQ4aLF0",
"links": [
[
"microcosm",
"microcosm#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "microcosmos"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "microcosm"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "macrocosm"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms prefixed with micro-",
"English terms suffixed with -cosm",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "microcosme"
},
"expansion": "French microcosme",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "microcosmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin microcosmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μικρός",
"3": "",
"4": "small"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόσμος",
"3": "",
"4": "universe, order"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος (kósmos, “universe, order”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "micro",
"3": "cosm"
},
"expansion": "micro- + -cosm",
"name": "confix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French microcosme, from Latin microcosmus, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) + κόσμος (kósmos, “universe, order”); micro- + -cosm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "microcosms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "microcosm (plural microcosms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1972, Rolf Soellner, Shakespeare's Patterns of Self-Knowledge, Chapter 3: Microcosm and Macrocosm: Framing The Picture of Man, page 43",
"text": "The Christian humanists were emphatic in their demand that a man who wishes to understand himself must realize that he is a little world that reflects on a smaller scale the larger world of the universe. […] On the other hand, the whole idea of man as a microcosm was questioned by those who were not in sympathy with the Christian humanists."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Human nature or the human body as representative of the wider universe; man considered as a miniature counterpart of divine or universal nature."
],
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The human body; a person."
],
"links": [
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The human body; a person."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999 December 16, Barry McIntyre, The Guardian",
"text": "‘In a sense, the problems experienced at Bristol are like a microcosm of what is happening in the NHS - experienced surgeons battling against difficult circumstances, with inadequate resources and in a culture where the finding of scapegoats appears to be put before the finding of solutions.’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2 - 2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Steve Bruce's side have swung from highs to lows in what has been at best a wildly inconsistent start to the season. They experienced a microcosm of this within the opening 45 minutes at the Stadium of Light.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 5",
"text": "It should come as no surprise to see promotional material and bulletin boards in the department’s languages, though English is also present in the signage of this microcosm of the institution.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A smaller system which is seen as representative of a larger one."
],
"links": [
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"representative",
"representative"
],
[
"of",
"of#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Ecology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Jerry C. Smrchek, Maurice G. Zeeman, Chapter 3: Assessing Risks to Ecological Systems from Chemicals, Peter P. Calow (editor), Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management, page 53",
"text": "The method is relatively labour intensive (24-30 microcosms are run) and more difficult to interpret when compared with other microcosm methods (Shannon et al. 1986; Cairns & Cherry 1993)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model."
],
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
],
[
"ecosystem",
"ecosystem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) A small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaɪ.kɹə(ʊ)ˌkɒz.əm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌkɑz.əm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-microcosm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-microcosm.ogg/En-us-microcosm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-microcosm.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-microcosm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/En-au-microcosm.ogg/En-au-microcosm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/En-au-microcosm.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "smaller system representative of a larger one",
"word": "worldkin"
},
{
"word": "epitome"
},
{
"word": "exemplar"
},
{
"word": "paradigm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmos"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎoyǔzhòu",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mikrokósmos",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μικροκόσμος"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "micreacosma"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"alt": "しょううちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōuchū",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "souju",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "소우주"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "se lǣssa middangeard"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mikrokósm",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микроко́см"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mikrokósmos",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "микроко́смос"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "human nature or body as representative of the wider universe",
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obsolete: the human body, a person",
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"alt": "しょううちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōuchū",
"sense": "obsolete: the human body, a person",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "obsolete: the human body, a person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "obsolete: the human body, a person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "縮影"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōyǐng",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "缩影"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "malli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosme"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "miḳrosamq̇aro",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "მიკროსამყარო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "miḳroḳosmosi",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "მიკროკოსმოსი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smáheimur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "örheimur"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"alt": "しょううちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōuchū",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"alt": "縮圖",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chukdo",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "축도"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mikrokósmos",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микроко́смос"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "se lǣssa middangeard"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "microcosm"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "microcosmos"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mikromír",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микроми́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mikrokósm",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микроко́см"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "smalavol"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "smaller system as representative of a larger one",
"word": "mikrokosmod"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"word": "pienoismaailma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"word": "mikrokosmos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosme"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"alt": "しょううちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōuchū",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"word": "小宇宙"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrokozmos"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microcosmo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model",
"word": "mikrokozmos"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"microcosm"
],
"word": "microcosm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "microcosme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French microcosme",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "microcosme"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French microcosme",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French microcosme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "microcosmuri",
"tags": [
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"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosm",
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"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un microcosm",
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"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmul",
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"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște microcosmuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui microcosm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor microcosmuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "microcosmurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "microcosmuri",
"pl_qual": "rare"
},
"expansion": "microcosm n (plural (rare) microcosmuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "microcosmurilor",
"gpi": "microcosmuri",
"gsd": "microcosmului",
"gsi": "microcosm",
"n": "",
"npd": "microcosmurile",
"npi": "microcosmuri",
"nsd": "microcosmul",
"nsi": "microcosm",
"vp": "microcosmurilor",
"vs": "microcosmule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "macrocosm"
},
{
"word": "macrocosmos"
}
],
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"microcosm"
],
"links": [
[
"microcosm",
"microcosm#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "microcosmos"
}
],
"word": "microcosm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.