"lum" meaning in All languages combined

See lum on Wiktionary

Adjective [Albanian]

Etymology: Variant of standard lumë. Etymology templates: {{l|sq|lumë}} lumë Head templates: {{head|sq|adjective}} lum
  1. lucky Categories (place): Bodies of water
    Sense id: en-lum-sq-adj-25-929fK Disambiguation of Bodies of water: 47 53 Categories (other): Albanian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Albanian entries with incorrect language header: 80 20

Noun [Albanian]

Forms: lumenj [plural], lumi [definite], lumenjtë [definite, plural]
Etymology: Variant of standard lumë. Etymology templates: {{l|sq|lumë}} lumë Head templates: {{head|sq|noun|cat2=masculine nouns|g=m|head=|sort=}} lum m, {{sq-noun|m|lumenj|lumi|lumenjtë}} lum m (plural lumenj, definite lumi, definite plural lumenjtë)
  1. river Tags: masculine Categories (place): Bodies of water, Landforms
    Sense id: en-lum-sq-noun-X1qO2PE5 Disambiguation of Bodies of water: 47 53 Disambiguation of Landforms: 29 71

Noun [English]

IPA: /lʌm/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation, Scotland] Audio: En-uk-lum.wav [UK] Forms: lums [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌm Etymology: Borrowed from Scots lum, Early Scots lumb; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Old French lum (“light”) (compare French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)), from Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”). The word is possibly also related to Welsh llumon (“chimney”) (obsolete). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*lewk-}}, {{bor|en|sco|lum}} Scots lum, {{der|en|sco|lumb}} Scots lumb, {{sup|1}} ¹, {{sup|1}} ¹, {{der|en|fro|lum|t=light}} Old French lum (“light”), {{cog|fr|lumière|t=light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening}} French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”), {{der|en|la|lūmen|t=light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel}} Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”), {{sup|1}} ¹, {{der|en|ine-pro|*lewk-|t=bright; to see; to shine}} Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”), {{cog|cy|llumon|t=chimney}} Welsh llumon (“chimney”), {{qualifier|obsolete}} (obsolete) Head templates: {{en-noun}} lum (plural lums)
  1. A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney. Tags: Northern-England, Scotland
    Sense id: en-lum-en-noun-iQ6xqrwi
  2. A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.
    (specifically, mining) A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine.
    Tags: Northern-England, Scotland, specifically Categories (topical): Mining Categories (place): Bodies of water, Landforms
    Sense id: en-lum-en-noun-qBsHkKlt Disambiguation of Bodies of water: 5 28 35 31 Disambiguation of Landforms: 6 25 37 31 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Northern England English Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 31 31 30 Disambiguation of Northern England English: 25 75 Topics: business, mining
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: lumb Derived forms: lang may yer lum reek
Etymology number: 1

Noun [English]

IPA: /lʌm/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation, Scotland] Audio: En-uk-lum.wav [UK] Forms: lums [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌm Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps related to Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”) (compare Danish lund (“grove”), Norwegian Bokmål lund, Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”), Swedish lund (“grove”)). Etymology templates: {{unc|en}} Uncertain, {{cog|non|lundr|t=clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree}} Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”), {{cog|da|lund|t=grove}} Danish lund (“grove”), {{cog|nb|lund}} Norwegian Bokmål lund, {{cog|nn|lund|t=grove}} Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”), {{cog|sv|lund|t=grove}} Swedish lund (“grove”), {{sup|3}} ³ Head templates: {{en-noun}} lum (plural lums)
  1. (Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A grove or wood; also, a woody valley. Tags: Northern-England, Scotland, dialectal Categories (place): Bodies of water, Forests, Landforms
    Sense id: en-lum-en-noun-RZzpctKX Disambiguation of Bodies of water: 5 28 35 31 Disambiguation of Forests: 8 23 45 24 Disambiguation of Landforms: 6 25 37 31 Categories (other): Northern England English, Scottish English, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 31 31 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [English]

IPA: /lʌm/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation, Scotland] Audio: En-uk-lum.wav [UK] Forms: lums [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌm Etymology: Unknown. Etymology templates: {{unk|en}} Unknown, {{unknown|en|Unknown}} Unknown, {{sup|2}} ², {{sup|2}} ² Head templates: {{en-noun}} lum (plural lums)
  1. (Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed. Tags: Northern-England, Scotland, dialectal Categories (place): Bodies of water, Landforms
    Sense id: en-lum-en-noun-RPXolQno Disambiguation of Bodies of water: 5 28 35 31 Disambiguation of Landforms: 6 25 37 31 Categories (other): Northern England English, Scottish English, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 31 31 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: lumb
Etymology number: 3

Noun [Ladin]

Forms: lumes [plural]
Head templates: {{head|lld|noun|||plural|lumes|||||f2request=1|g=f|g2=}} lum f (plural lumes), {{lld-noun|f|lumes}} lum f (plural lumes)
  1. (Gherdëina) light Tags: Gherdëina, feminine
    Sense id: en-lum-lld-noun-macCYXLU Categories (other): Ladin entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Livonian]

Etymology: From Proto-Finnic *lumi. Etymology templates: {{inh|liv|urj-fin-pro|*lumi}} Proto-Finnic *lumi Head templates: {{head|liv|noun}} lum Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], lum [nominative, singular], lumūd [nominative, plural], lum [genitive, singular], lumūd [genitive, plural], lūnda [partitive, singular], lumīdi [partitive, plural], lummõn [dative, singular], lumūdõn [dative, plural], lumkõks [instrumental, singular], lumūdõks [instrumental, plural], lummõ [illative, singular], lumīž [illative, plural], lumsõ [inessive, singular], lums [inessive, singular], lumši [inessive, plural], lumstõ [elative, singular], lumst [elative, singular], lumšti [elative, plural]
  1. snow
    Sense id: en-lum-liv-noun-p0YiLwnY Categories (other): Livonian entries with incorrect language header

Adjective [Mizo]

Etymology: From Proto-Kuki-Chin *lum, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-l(u/i)m. Etymology templates: {{inh|lus|tbq-kuk-pro|*lum}} Proto-Kuki-Chin *lum, {{inh|lus|sit-pro|*s-l(u/i)m}} Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-l(u/i)m Head templates: {{head|lus|adjective}} lum
  1. warm
    Sense id: en-lum-lus-adj-DwqkCMGD Categories (other): Mizo entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Occitan]

Audio: LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav Forms: lums [plural]
Etymology: From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin lūmen, from Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥, derived from the root *lewk- (“bright”). Etymology templates: {{inh|oc|pro|}} Old Occitan [Term?], {{inh|oc|la|lūmen}} Latin lūmen, {{inh|oc|ine-pro|*léwksmn̥}} Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥, {{m|ine-pro|*lewk-||bright}} *lewk- (“bright”) Head templates: {{head|oc|nouns|g=m|g2=|head=|sort=}} lum m, {{oc-noun|m}} lum m (plural lums)
  1. light Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-lum-oc-noun-macCYXLU
  2. light source, such as a lamp or bulb Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-lum-oc-noun-~6Hin8dS Categories (other): Occitan entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Occitan entries with incorrect language header: 9 91
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: lutz

Noun [Scots]

Forms: lums [plural]
Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps compare obsolete Welsh llumon (“chimney”). Etymology templates: {{unc|sco}} Uncertain, {{m|cy|llumon||chimney}} llumon (“chimney”) Head templates: {{head|sco|noun|||plural|lums|||||cat2=|cat3=|head=}} lum (plural lums), {{sco-noun}} lum (plural lums)
  1. chimney
    Sense id: en-lum-sco-noun-TYiRL9CU Categories (other): Scots entries with incorrect language header

Romanization [Sumerian]

Head templates: {{head|sux|romanization|head=}} lum, {{sux-rom}} lum
  1. Romanization of 𒈝 (lum) Tags: alt-of, romanization Alternative form of: 𒈝 (extra: lum)
    Sense id: en-lum-sux-romanization-0FX228rM Categories (other): Sumerian entries with incorrect language header, Sumerian romanizations

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for lum meaning in All languages combined (22.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lang may yer lum reek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sco",
        "3": "lum"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots lum",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sco",
        "3": "lumb"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots lumb",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "lum",
        "t": "light"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French lum (“light”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "lumière",
        "t": "light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening"
      },
      "expansion": "French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lūmen",
        "t": "light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewk-",
        "t": "bright; to see; to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "llumon",
        "t": "chimney"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh llumon (“chimney”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "obsolete"
      },
      "expansion": "(obsolete)",
      "name": "qualifier"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Scots lum, Early Scots lumb; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Old French lum (“light”) (compare French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)), from Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”). The word is possibly also related to Welsh llumon (“chimney”) (obsolete).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1768, Alexander Ross, “Canto I”, in The Fortunate Shepherdess, a Pastoral Tale; in Three Cantos, in the Scotish Dialect. […], Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire: […] Francis Douglas, →OCLC, page 50",
          "text": "Now, by this time, the ſun begins to leam, / An' litt the hill-heads, wi' his morning beam, / An' birds, and beaſts, and fouk to be aſteer, / And ſtreams o' reek frae lumb heads to appear; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1865 March, [Robert Williams Buchanan], “Willie Baird: A Winter Idyll”, in The Cornhill Magazine, volume XI, number 63, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 361",
          "text": "Down the broad lum / Came melting flakes that hiss'd upon the coal; / Under my eyelids blew the blinding smoke, / And for a time I sat like one bewitch'd, / Still as a stone.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1877, G. S. L. [pseudonym; George Sinclair of Leith], chapter VI, in Shetland Fireside Tales; or, The Hermit of Trosswickness, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Publishing Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., →OCLC, page 41",
          "text": "Two \"lums\" on the ridge served the double purpose of letting out the smoke and in the light. […] A new peat fire had been put on, and the day being calm, the lazy smoke seemed more inclined to remain inside than to go out the lums, as it ought to have done.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "[1880], [George Jacque], “Weepie with Other Boys Fulfil Their Appointment”, in The Sweep’s Apprentice. […], Edinburgh: Religious Book and Tract Society of Scotland, […], →OCLC, page 18",
          "text": "\"I heard a boy there speak of soot. Where is soot to be had?\" / \"Up lums, said Weepie, laughing. / […] / \"But why not let it stay in the lums?\" / \"'Cause it wad come doon and splairge the parritch and the broth, and maybe set the lum on fire.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney."
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-en-noun-iQ6xqrwi",
      "links": [
        [
          "chimney",
          "chimney#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mining",
          "orig": "en:Mining",
          "parents": [
            "Industries",
            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 31 31 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern England English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 35 31",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Bodies of water",
          "orig": "en:Bodies of water",
          "parents": [
            "Landforms",
            "Water",
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Liquids",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "Matter",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Chemistry",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Sciences",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 25 37 31",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.",
        "A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine."
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-en-noun-qBsHkKlt",
      "links": [
        [
          "chimney",
          "chimney#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "mining",
          "mining#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ventilating",
          "ventilate"
        ],
        [
          "shaft",
          "shaft#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "mine",
          "mine#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.",
        "(specifically, mining) A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland",
        "specifically"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "mining"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʌm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lumb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "lundr",
        "t": "clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "lund",
        "t": "grove"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish lund (“grove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "lund"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål lund",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "lund",
        "t": "grove"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "lund",
        "t": "grove"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish lund (“grove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain; perhaps related to Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”) (compare Danish lund (“grove”), Norwegian Bokmål lund, Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”), Swedish lund (“grove”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern England English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 31 31 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 35 31",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Bodies of water",
          "orig": "en:Bodies of water",
          "parents": [
            "Landforms",
            "Water",
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Liquids",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "Matter",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Chemistry",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Sciences",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 23 45 24",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Forests",
          "orig": "en:Forests",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 25 37 31",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A grove or wood; also, a woody valley."
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-en-noun-RZzpctKX",
      "links": [
        [
          "grove",
          "grove"
        ],
        [
          "wood",
          "wood#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "woody",
          "woody#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "valley",
          "valley"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A grove or wood; also, a woody valley."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʌm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Unknown"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern England English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 31 31 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 35 31",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Bodies of water",
          "orig": "en:Bodies of water",
          "parents": [
            "Landforms",
            "Water",
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Liquids",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "Matter",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Chemistry",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Sciences",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 25 37 31",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1830 September 4, W. H. H., “The ‘Lums’ of Westmoreland”, in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, volume XVI, number 449, London: […] J[ohn] Limbird, […], →OCLC, page 188, column 2",
          "text": "The Kettle Wells are two lums, situated in Bonson's Wood, near Stanmore, which are not surpassed for Elysian beauty. The fall of the water into the first well is inconsiderable; but that continually empties itself into the lum below, over a smooth precipice of thirty feet.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed."
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-en-noun-RPXolQno",
      "links": [
        [
          "deep",
          "deep#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "pool",
          "pool#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "riverbed",
          "riverbed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʌm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lumb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "lumë"
      },
      "expansion": "lumë",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Variant of standard lumë.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lumenj",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumi",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumenjtë",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "masculine nouns",
        "g": "m",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "lumenj",
        "3": "lumi",
        "4": "lumenjtë"
      },
      "expansion": "lum m (plural lumenj, definite lumi, definite plural lumenjtë)",
      "name": "sq-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Albanian",
  "lang_code": "sq",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "sq",
          "name": "Bodies of water",
          "orig": "sq:Bodies of water",
          "parents": [
            "Landforms",
            "Water",
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Liquids",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "Matter",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Chemistry",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Sciences",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "sq",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "sq:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "river"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-sq-noun-X1qO2PE5",
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "lumë"
      },
      "expansion": "lumë",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Variant of standard lumë.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Albanian",
  "lang_code": "sq",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "sq",
          "name": "Bodies of water",
          "orig": "sq:Bodies of water",
          "parents": [
            "Landforms",
            "Water",
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Liquids",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "Matter",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Chemistry",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Sciences",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lucky"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-sq-adj-25-929fK",
      "links": [
        [
          "lucky",
          "lucky"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lumes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lld",
        "10": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "lumes",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2request": "1",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum f (plural lumes)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "lumes"
      },
      "expansion": "lum f (plural lumes)",
      "name": "lld-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ladin",
  "lang_code": "lld",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "light"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-lld-noun-macCYXLU",
      "links": [
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Gherdëina) light"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Gherdëina",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*lumi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *lumi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *lumi.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liv-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumūd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumūd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lūnda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumīdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lummõn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumūdõn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumkõks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumūdõks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lummõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumīž",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumsõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumši",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumstõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumšti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Livonian",
  "lang_code": "liv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "snow"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-liv-noun-p0YiLwnY",
      "links": [
        [
          "snow",
          "snow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lus",
        "2": "tbq-kuk-pro",
        "3": "*lum"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin *lum",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lus",
        "2": "sit-pro",
        "3": "*s-l(u/i)m"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-l(u/i)m",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Kuki-Chin *lum, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-l(u/i)m.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lus",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Mizo",
  "lang_code": "lus",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mizo entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "warm"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-lus-adj-DwqkCMGD",
      "links": [
        [
          "warm",
          "warm"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "pro",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Occitan [Term?]",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lūmen"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin lūmen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*léwksmn̥"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*lewk-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bright"
      },
      "expansion": "*lewk- (“bright”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin lūmen, from Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥, derived from the root *lewk- (“bright”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "lum m (plural lums)",
      "name": "oc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Occitan",
  "lang_code": "oc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lutz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "light"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-oc-noun-macCYXLU",
      "links": [
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "light source, such as a lamp or bulb"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-oc-noun-~6Hin8dS",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "llumon",
        "3": "",
        "4": "chimney"
      },
      "expansion": "llumon (“chimney”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain; perhaps compare obsolete Welsh llumon (“chimney”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "10": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "lums",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "sco-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chimney"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-sco-noun-TYiRL9CU",
      "links": [
        [
          "chimney",
          "chimney"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sux",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "sux-rom"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sumerian",
  "lang_code": "sux",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "lum",
          "word": "𒈝"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sumerian romanizations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Romanization of 𒈝 (lum)"
      ],
      "id": "en-lum-sux-romanization-0FX228rM",
      "links": [
        [
          "𒈝",
          "𒈝#Sumerian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Albanian adjectives",
    "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Albanian lemmas",
    "Albanian masculine nouns",
    "Albanian nouns",
    "sq:Bodies of water",
    "sq:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "lumë"
      },
      "expansion": "lumë",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Variant of standard lumë.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lumenj",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumi",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumenjtë",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "masculine nouns",
        "g": "m",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "lumenj",
        "3": "lumi",
        "4": "lumenjtë"
      },
      "expansion": "lum m (plural lumenj, definite lumi, definite plural lumenjtë)",
      "name": "sq-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Albanian",
  "lang_code": "sq",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "river"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Albanian adjectives",
    "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Albanian lemmas",
    "Albanian masculine nouns",
    "Albanian nouns",
    "sq:Bodies of water",
    "sq:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "lumë"
      },
      "expansion": "lumë",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Variant of standard lumë.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Albanian",
  "lang_code": "sq",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lucky"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lucky",
          "lucky"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Scots",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Scots",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Northern England English",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌm",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
    "en:Bodies of water",
    "en:Forests",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "lang may yer lum reek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sco",
        "3": "lum"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots lum",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sco",
        "3": "lumb"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots lumb",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "lum",
        "t": "light"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French lum (“light”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "lumière",
        "t": "light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening"
      },
      "expansion": "French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lūmen",
        "t": "light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewk-",
        "t": "bright; to see; to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "llumon",
        "t": "chimney"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh llumon (“chimney”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "obsolete"
      },
      "expansion": "(obsolete)",
      "name": "qualifier"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Scots lum, Early Scots lumb; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Old French lum (“light”) (compare French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)), from Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”). The word is possibly also related to Welsh llumon (“chimney”) (obsolete).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1768, Alexander Ross, “Canto I”, in The Fortunate Shepherdess, a Pastoral Tale; in Three Cantos, in the Scotish Dialect. […], Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire: […] Francis Douglas, →OCLC, page 50",
          "text": "Now, by this time, the ſun begins to leam, / An' litt the hill-heads, wi' his morning beam, / An' birds, and beaſts, and fouk to be aſteer, / And ſtreams o' reek frae lumb heads to appear; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1865 March, [Robert Williams Buchanan], “Willie Baird: A Winter Idyll”, in The Cornhill Magazine, volume XI, number 63, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 361",
          "text": "Down the broad lum / Came melting flakes that hiss'd upon the coal; / Under my eyelids blew the blinding smoke, / And for a time I sat like one bewitch'd, / Still as a stone.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1877, G. S. L. [pseudonym; George Sinclair of Leith], chapter VI, in Shetland Fireside Tales; or, The Hermit of Trosswickness, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Publishing Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., →OCLC, page 41",
          "text": "Two \"lums\" on the ridge served the double purpose of letting out the smoke and in the light. […] A new peat fire had been put on, and the day being calm, the lazy smoke seemed more inclined to remain inside than to go out the lums, as it ought to have done.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "[1880], [George Jacque], “Weepie with Other Boys Fulfil Their Appointment”, in The Sweep’s Apprentice. […], Edinburgh: Religious Book and Tract Society of Scotland, […], →OCLC, page 18",
          "text": "\"I heard a boy there speak of soot. Where is soot to be had?\" / \"Up lums, said Weepie, laughing. / […] / \"But why not let it stay in the lums?\" / \"'Cause it wad come doon and splairge the parritch and the broth, and maybe set the lum on fire.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chimney",
          "chimney#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Mining"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.",
        "A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chimney",
          "chimney#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "mining",
          "mining#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ventilating",
          "ventilate"
        ],
        [
          "shaft",
          "shaft#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "mine",
          "mine#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.",
        "(specifically, mining) A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland",
        "specifically"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "mining"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʌm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "lumb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌm",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
    "en:Bodies of water",
    "en:Forests",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "lundr",
        "t": "clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "lund",
        "t": "grove"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish lund (“grove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "lund"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål lund",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "lund",
        "t": "grove"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "lund",
        "t": "grove"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish lund (“grove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain; perhaps related to Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”) (compare Danish lund (“grove”), Norwegian Bokmål lund, Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”), Swedish lund (“grove”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "Northern England English",
        "Scottish English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A grove or wood; also, a woody valley."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grove",
          "grove"
        ],
        [
          "wood",
          "wood#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "woody",
          "woody#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "valley",
          "valley"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A grove or wood; also, a woody valley."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʌm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌm",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
    "en:Bodies of water",
    "en:Forests",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Unknown"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Northern England English",
        "Scottish English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1830 September 4, W. H. H., “The ‘Lums’ of Westmoreland”, in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, volume XVI, number 449, London: […] J[ohn] Limbird, […], →OCLC, page 188, column 2",
          "text": "The Kettle Wells are two lums, situated in Bonson's Wood, near Stanmore, which are not surpassed for Elysian beauty. The fall of the water into the first well is inconsiderable; but that continually empties itself into the lum below, over a smooth precipice of thirty feet.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deep",
          "deep#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "pool",
          "pool#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "riverbed",
          "riverbed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʌm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "lumb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lumes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lld",
        "10": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "lumes",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2request": "1",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum f (plural lumes)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "lumes"
      },
      "expansion": "lum f (plural lumes)",
      "name": "lld-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ladin",
  "lang_code": "lld",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ladin feminine nouns",
        "Ladin lemmas",
        "Ladin nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "light"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Gherdëina) light"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Gherdëina",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*lumi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *lumi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *lumi.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liv-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumūd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumūd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lūnda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumīdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lummõn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumūdõn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumkõks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumūdõks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lummõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumīž",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumsõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumši",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumstõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lumšti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Livonian",
  "lang_code": "liv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Livonian lemmas",
        "Livonian nouns",
        "Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
        "Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "snow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "snow",
          "snow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lus",
        "2": "tbq-kuk-pro",
        "3": "*lum"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin *lum",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lus",
        "2": "sit-pro",
        "3": "*s-l(u/i)m"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-l(u/i)m",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Kuki-Chin *lum, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-l(u/i)m.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lus",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Mizo",
  "lang_code": "lus",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mizo adjectives",
        "Mizo entries with incorrect language header",
        "Mizo lemmas",
        "Mizo terms derived from Proto-Kuki-Chin",
        "Mizo terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
        "Mizo terms inherited from Proto-Kuki-Chin",
        "Mizo terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "warm"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "warm",
          "warm"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Occitan countable nouns",
    "Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
    "Occitan lemmas",
    "Occitan masculine nouns",
    "Occitan nouns",
    "Occitan terms derived from Latin",
    "Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan",
    "Occitan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
    "Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan",
    "Occitan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Occitan terms with audio links",
    "Old Occitan term requests"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "pro",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Occitan [Term?]",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lūmen"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin lūmen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*léwksmn̥"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*lewk-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bright"
      },
      "expansion": "*lewk- (“bright”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin lūmen, from Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥, derived from the root *lewk- (“bright”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "lum m (plural lums)",
      "name": "oc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Occitan",
  "lang_code": "oc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "lutz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "light"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "light source, such as a lamp or bulb"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-lum.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "llumon",
        "3": "",
        "4": "chimney"
      },
      "expansion": "llumon (“chimney”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain; perhaps compare obsolete Welsh llumon (“chimney”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "10": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "lums",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
      "name": "sco-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
        "Scots lemmas",
        "Scots nouns",
        "Scots terms with unknown etymologies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chimney"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chimney",
          "chimney"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sux",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lum",
      "name": "sux-rom"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sumerian",
  "lang_code": "sux",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "lum",
          "word": "𒈝"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Sumerian non-lemma forms",
        "Sumerian romanizations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Romanization of 𒈝 (lum)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "𒈝",
          "𒈝#Sumerian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lum"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.