See lum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lum meaning in English (12.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lang may yer lum reek"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Scots lum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "lumb"
},
"expansion": "Scots lumb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "lum",
"t": "light"
},
"expansion": "Old French lum (“light”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lumière",
"t": "light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening"
},
"expansion": "French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūmen",
"t": "light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"t": "bright; to see; to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llumon",
"t": "chimney"
},
"expansion": "Welsh llumon (“chimney”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Scots lum, Early Scots lumb; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Old French lum (“light”) (compare French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)), from Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”). The word is possibly also related to Welsh llumon (“chimney”) (obsolete).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1768, Alexander Ross, “Canto I”, in The Fortunate Shepherdess, a Pastoral Tale; in Three Cantos, in the Scotish Dialect. […], Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire: […] Francis Douglas, →OCLC, page 50",
"text": "Now, by this time, the ſun begins to leam, / An' litt the hill-heads, wi' his morning beam, / An' birds, and beaſts, and fouk to be aſteer, / And ſtreams o' reek frae lumb heads to appear; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1865 March, [Robert Williams Buchanan], “Willie Baird: A Winter Idyll”, in The Cornhill Magazine, volume XI, number 63, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 361",
"text": "Down the broad lum / Came melting flakes that hiss'd upon the coal; / Under my eyelids blew the blinding smoke, / And for a time I sat like one bewitch'd, / Still as a stone.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1877, G. S. L. [pseudonym; George Sinclair of Leith], chapter VI, in Shetland Fireside Tales; or, The Hermit of Trosswickness, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Publishing Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., →OCLC, page 41",
"text": "Two \"lums\" on the ridge served the double purpose of letting out the smoke and in the light. […] A new peat fire had been put on, and the day being calm, the lazy smoke seemed more inclined to remain inside than to go out the lums, as it ought to have done.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[1880], [George Jacque], “Weepie with Other Boys Fulfil Their Appointment”, in The Sweep’s Apprentice. […], Edinburgh: Religious Book and Tract Society of Scotland, […], →OCLC, page 18",
"text": "\"I heard a boy there speak of soot. Where is soot to be had?\" / \"Up lums, said Weepie, laughing. / […] / \"But why not let it stay in the lums?\" / \"'Cause it wad come doon and splairge the parritch and the broth, and maybe set the lum on fire.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney."
],
"id": "en-lum-en-noun-iQ6xqrwi",
"links": [
[
"chimney",
"chimney#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 31 31 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 28 35 31",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bodies of water",
"orig": "en:Bodies of water",
"parents": [
"Landforms",
"Water",
"Earth",
"Places",
"Liquids",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Chemistry",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Sciences",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 25 37 31",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.",
"A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine."
],
"id": "en-lum-en-noun-qBsHkKlt",
"links": [
[
"chimney",
"chimney#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"ventilating",
"ventilate"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"mine",
"mine#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.",
"(specifically, mining) A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"specifically"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lumb"
}
],
"word": "lum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lundr",
"t": "clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lund",
"t": "grove"
},
"expansion": "Danish lund (“grove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "lund"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål lund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "lund",
"t": "grove"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lund",
"t": "grove"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lund (“grove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; perhaps related to Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”) (compare Danish lund (“grove”), Norwegian Bokmål lund, Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”), Swedish lund (“grove”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 31 31 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 28 35 31",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bodies of water",
"orig": "en:Bodies of water",
"parents": [
"Landforms",
"Water",
"Earth",
"Places",
"Liquids",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Chemistry",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Sciences",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 23 45 24",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "en:Forests",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 25 37 31",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grove or wood; also, a woody valley."
],
"id": "en-lum-en-noun-RZzpctKX",
"links": [
[
"grove",
"grove"
],
[
"wood",
"wood#Noun"
],
[
"woody",
"woody#Adjective"
],
[
"valley",
"valley"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A grove or wood; also, a woody valley."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"word": "lum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Unknown"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 31 31 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 28 35 31",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bodies of water",
"orig": "en:Bodies of water",
"parents": [
"Landforms",
"Water",
"Earth",
"Places",
"Liquids",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Chemistry",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Sciences",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 25 37 31",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1830 September 4, W. H. H., “The ‘Lums’ of Westmoreland”, in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, volume XVI, number 449, London: […] J[ohn] Limbird, […], →OCLC, page 188, column 2",
"text": "The Kettle Wells are two lums, situated in Bonson's Wood, near Stanmore, which are not surpassed for Elysian beauty. The fall of the water into the first well is inconsiderable; but that continually empties itself into the lum below, over a smooth precipice of thirty feet.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed."
],
"id": "en-lum-en-noun-RPXolQno",
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"pool",
"pool#Noun"
],
[
"riverbed",
"riverbed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lumb"
}
],
"word": "lum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Scots",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Northern England English",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Bodies of water",
"en:Forests",
"en:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lang may yer lum reek"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Scots lum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "lumb"
},
"expansion": "Scots lumb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "lum",
"t": "light"
},
"expansion": "Old French lum (“light”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lumière",
"t": "light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening"
},
"expansion": "French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūmen",
"t": "light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"t": "bright; to see; to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llumon",
"t": "chimney"
},
"expansion": "Welsh llumon (“chimney”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Scots lum, Early Scots lumb; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Old French lum (“light”) (compare French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)), from Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”). The word is possibly also related to Welsh llumon (“chimney”) (obsolete).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1768, Alexander Ross, “Canto I”, in The Fortunate Shepherdess, a Pastoral Tale; in Three Cantos, in the Scotish Dialect. […], Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire: […] Francis Douglas, →OCLC, page 50",
"text": "Now, by this time, the ſun begins to leam, / An' litt the hill-heads, wi' his morning beam, / An' birds, and beaſts, and fouk to be aſteer, / And ſtreams o' reek frae lumb heads to appear; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1865 March, [Robert Williams Buchanan], “Willie Baird: A Winter Idyll”, in The Cornhill Magazine, volume XI, number 63, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 361",
"text": "Down the broad lum / Came melting flakes that hiss'd upon the coal; / Under my eyelids blew the blinding smoke, / And for a time I sat like one bewitch'd, / Still as a stone.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1877, G. S. L. [pseudonym; George Sinclair of Leith], chapter VI, in Shetland Fireside Tales; or, The Hermit of Trosswickness, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Publishing Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., →OCLC, page 41",
"text": "Two \"lums\" on the ridge served the double purpose of letting out the smoke and in the light. […] A new peat fire had been put on, and the day being calm, the lazy smoke seemed more inclined to remain inside than to go out the lums, as it ought to have done.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[1880], [George Jacque], “Weepie with Other Boys Fulfil Their Appointment”, in The Sweep’s Apprentice. […], Edinburgh: Religious Book and Tract Society of Scotland, […], →OCLC, page 18",
"text": "\"I heard a boy there speak of soot. Where is soot to be had?\" / \"Up lums, said Weepie, laughing. / […] / \"But why not let it stay in the lums?\" / \"'Cause it wad come doon and splairge the parritch and the broth, and maybe set the lum on fire.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney."
],
"links": [
[
"chimney",
"chimney#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.",
"A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine."
],
"links": [
[
"chimney",
"chimney#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"ventilating",
"ventilate"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"mine",
"mine#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A chimney; also, the top part of a chimney.",
"(specifically, mining) A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"specifically"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lumb"
}
],
"word": "lum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Bodies of water",
"en:Forests",
"en:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lundr",
"t": "clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lund",
"t": "grove"
},
"expansion": "Danish lund (“grove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "lund"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål lund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "lund",
"t": "grove"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lund",
"t": "grove"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lund (“grove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; perhaps related to Old Norse lundr (“clump of trees, grove; (rare) tree”) (compare Danish lund (“grove”), Norwegian Bokmål lund, Norwegian Nynorsk lund (“grove”), Swedish lund (“grove”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"A grove or wood; also, a woody valley."
],
"links": [
[
"grove",
"grove"
],
[
"wood",
"wood#Noun"
],
[
"woody",
"woody#Adjective"
],
[
"valley",
"valley"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A grove or wood; also, a woody valley."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"word": "lum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Bodies of water",
"en:Forests",
"en:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Unknown"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lum (plural lums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1830 September 4, W. H. H., “The ‘Lums’ of Westmoreland”, in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, volume XVI, number 449, London: […] J[ohn] Limbird, […], →OCLC, page 188, column 2",
"text": "The Kettle Wells are two lums, situated in Bonson's Wood, near Stanmore, which are not surpassed for Elysian beauty. The fall of the water into the first well is inconsiderable; but that continually empties itself into the lum below, over a smooth precipice of thirty feet.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed."
],
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"pool",
"pool#Noun"
],
[
"riverbed",
"riverbed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland, dialectal) A deep pool, especially one in a riverbed."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-lum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-uk-lum.wav/En-uk-lum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lumb"
}
],
"word": "lum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.