See lufian on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"id": "en-lufian-enm-verb-4fNY51cd",
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) Alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "loven",
"id": "to love"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve, loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen (Early Middle English), lufenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: love\nScots: luve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve, loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen (Early Middle English), lufenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: love\nScots: luve"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lufu",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "lufu + -ian",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "luvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian luvia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lubōn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *lubōn, derived from the noun *lubu (“love”). Equivalent to lufu + -ian. Cognate with Old Frisian luvia, Old High German lubōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lufian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġelufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lufian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "ang:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "ang:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ġelufian"
},
{
"word": "lufiend"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you want to be loved, love.",
"text": "Ġif þū wille bēon ġelufod, lufa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Jesus said about himself, \"I'm a good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me.\" That is, \"I love them, and they love me.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Second Sunday After Easter\"\nSē Hǣlend cwæþ be him, \"Iċ eom gōd hierde, and iċ oncnāwe mīn sċēap, and hīe oncnāwaþ mē.\" Þæt is, \"Iċ lufiġe hīe, and hīe lufiaþ mē.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "When you pray, don't be like hypocrites. They love to pray standing in synagogues and on street corners so that people will see them.",
"roman": "Þonne ġē ēow ġebidden, ne bēoþ ġē swelċe līċetteras. Þā lufiaþ þæt hīe ġebidden hīe standende on ġesamnungum and strǣta hyrnum þæt menn hīe ġesēon.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:5",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Peter felt hurt because he asked him a third time, \"Do you love me?\" And he told him, \"Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.\"",
"roman": "Þā wæs Petrus sāriġ for þām þe hē cwæþ þriddan sīðe tō him, \"Lufast þū me?\" And hē cwæþ tō him, \"Dryhten, þū wāst eall þing; þū wāst þæt iċ þē lufiġe.\"",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 21:17",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to love"
],
"id": "en-lufian-ang-verb-N-OMg8z-",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lufiġean"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.fi.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.vi.ɑn]"
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) Alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ġelufian"
},
{
"word": "lufiend"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "loven",
"id": "to love"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve, loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen (Early Middle English), lufenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: love\nScots: luve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve, loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen (Early Middle English), lufenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: love\nScots: luve"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lufu",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "lufu + -ian",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "luvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian luvia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lubōn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *lubōn, derived from the noun *lubu (“love”). Equivalent to lufu + -ian. Cognate with Old Frisian luvia, Old High German lubōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lufian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġelufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lufian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Emotions",
"ang:Love"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you want to be loved, love.",
"text": "Ġif þū wille bēon ġelufod, lufa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Jesus said about himself, \"I'm a good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me.\" That is, \"I love them, and they love me.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Second Sunday After Easter\"\nSē Hǣlend cwæþ be him, \"Iċ eom gōd hierde, and iċ oncnāwe mīn sċēap, and hīe oncnāwaþ mē.\" Þæt is, \"Iċ lufiġe hīe, and hīe lufiaþ mē.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "When you pray, don't be like hypocrites. They love to pray standing in synagogues and on street corners so that people will see them.",
"roman": "Þonne ġē ēow ġebidden, ne bēoþ ġē swelċe līċetteras. Þā lufiaþ þæt hīe ġebidden hīe standende on ġesamnungum and strǣta hyrnum þæt menn hīe ġesēon.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:5",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Peter felt hurt because he asked him a third time, \"Do you love me?\" And he told him, \"Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.\"",
"roman": "Þā wæs Petrus sāriġ for þām þe hē cwæþ þriddan sīðe tō him, \"Lufast þū me?\" And hē cwæþ tō him, \"Dryhten, þū wāst eall þing; þū wāst þæt iċ þē lufiġe.\"",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 21:17",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to love"
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.fi.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.vi.ɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lufiġean"
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lufian meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.