See lufian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lufian meaning in Old English (7.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "loven",
"id": "to love"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve; loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen; lufenn\nEnglish: love\nScots: luve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve; loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen; lufenn\nEnglish: love\nScots: luve"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lubu",
"t": "love"
},
"expansion": "*lubu (“love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lufu",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "lufu + -ian",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "luvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian luvia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lubōn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *lubōn, derived from the noun *lubu (“love”). Equivalent to lufu + -ian. Cognate with Old Frisian luvia, Old High German lubōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lufian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġelufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lufian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "ang:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "ang:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ġelufian"
},
{
"word": "lufiend"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you want to be loved, love.",
"text": "Ġif þū wille bēon ġelufod, lufa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He hath set His token upon my face that I should love none other beside Him.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Saint Agnes, Virgin\"\nHe gesette his tacn on minum nebbe þæt ic nænne oðerne ofer hine ne lufige.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Jesus said about himself, \"I'm a good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me.\" In other words, \"I love them, and they love me.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Second Sunday After Easter\"\nSē Hǣlend cwæþ be him, \"Iċ eom gōd hierde, and iċ oncnāwe mīn sċēap, and hīe oncnāwaþ mē.\" Þæt is, \"Iċ lufiġe hīe, and hīe lufiaþ mē.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "When you pray, don't be like hypocrites. They love to pray standing in synagogues and on street corners for people to see them.",
"roman": "Þonne ġē ēow ġebidden, ne bēoþ ġē swelċe līċetteras. Þā lufiaþ þæt hīe ġebidden hīe standende on ġesamnungum and strǣta hyrnum þæt menn hīe ġesēon.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:5",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "They love being greeted on the streets and people calling them teacher.",
"roman": "Hīe lufiaþ þæt hīe man grēte on strǣtum and þæt menn hīe lārēowas nemnen.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 23:7",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Peter felt hurt because he asked him a third time, \"Do you love me?\" And he told him, \"Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.\"",
"roman": "Þā wæs Petrus sāriġ for þām þe hē cwæþ þriddan sīðe tō him, \"Lufast þū me?\" And hē cwæþ tō him, \"Dryhten, þū wāst eall þing; þū wāst þæt iċ þē lufiġe.\"",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 21:17",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Worshiping idols is a kind of paganism, whether one worships heathen gods and the sun or the moon, or fire or flood, or wells or stones or any kind of forest trees, or if one loves witchcraft or commits murder in any way, either by sacrifice or by divination, or takes any part in similar delusions.",
"ref": "c. 1021, Wulfstan, Winchester Code of Cnut, article 5.1",
"text": "Hǣðensċipe biþ þæt man dēofolġield weorðiġe, þæt is þæt man weorðiġe hǣðenu godu and sunnan oþþe mōnan, fȳr oþþe flōd, wæterwiellas oþþe stānas oþþe ǣniġes cynnes wudutreowu, oþþe wiċċecræft lufiġe oþþe morðweorc ġefremme on ǣniġe wīsan, oþþe on blōte oþþe frihte, oþþe swelcra gedwimera ǣniġ þing drēoge.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...but yet I ask thee now why thou lovest thy friends so much, or what thou lovest in them or whether thou lovest them for their own sake or for some other thing.",
"text": "late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies\n...ac ic āhsige ðē nū gȳt for hwig þū þā frēond lufige swīðe, oððe hwæt þū on hym lufige, oððē hwæðer ðū hī for heomselfum lufige, þe for sumum ōðrum þingum.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to love"
],
"id": "en-lufian-ang-verb-N-OMg8z-",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lufiġean"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.fi.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.vi.ɑn]"
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ġelufian"
},
{
"word": "lufiend"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "loven",
"id": "to love"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve; loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen; lufenn\nEnglish: love\nScots: luve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve; loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen; lufenn\nEnglish: love\nScots: luve"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lubu",
"t": "love"
},
"expansion": "*lubu (“love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lufu",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "lufu + -ian",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "luvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian luvia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lubōn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *lubōn, derived from the noun *lubu (“love”). Equivalent to lufu + -ian. Cognate with Old Frisian luvia, Old High German lubōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lufian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġelufod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lufian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lufian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Old English verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"ang:Emotions",
"ang:Love"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you want to be loved, love.",
"text": "Ġif þū wille bēon ġelufod, lufa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He hath set His token upon my face that I should love none other beside Him.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Saint Agnes, Virgin\"\nHe gesette his tacn on minum nebbe þæt ic nænne oðerne ofer hine ne lufige.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Jesus said about himself, \"I'm a good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me.\" In other words, \"I love them, and they love me.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Second Sunday After Easter\"\nSē Hǣlend cwæþ be him, \"Iċ eom gōd hierde, and iċ oncnāwe mīn sċēap, and hīe oncnāwaþ mē.\" Þæt is, \"Iċ lufiġe hīe, and hīe lufiaþ mē.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "When you pray, don't be like hypocrites. They love to pray standing in synagogues and on street corners for people to see them.",
"roman": "Þonne ġē ēow ġebidden, ne bēoþ ġē swelċe līċetteras. Þā lufiaþ þæt hīe ġebidden hīe standende on ġesamnungum and strǣta hyrnum þæt menn hīe ġesēon.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:5",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "They love being greeted on the streets and people calling them teacher.",
"roman": "Hīe lufiaþ þæt hīe man grēte on strǣtum and þæt menn hīe lārēowas nemnen.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 23:7",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Peter felt hurt because he asked him a third time, \"Do you love me?\" And he told him, \"Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.\"",
"roman": "Þā wæs Petrus sāriġ for þām þe hē cwæþ þriddan sīðe tō him, \"Lufast þū me?\" And hē cwæþ tō him, \"Dryhten, þū wāst eall þing; þū wāst þæt iċ þē lufiġe.\"",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 21:17",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Worshiping idols is a kind of paganism, whether one worships heathen gods and the sun or the moon, or fire or flood, or wells or stones or any kind of forest trees, or if one loves witchcraft or commits murder in any way, either by sacrifice or by divination, or takes any part in similar delusions.",
"ref": "c. 1021, Wulfstan, Winchester Code of Cnut, article 5.1",
"text": "Hǣðensċipe biþ þæt man dēofolġield weorðiġe, þæt is þæt man weorðiġe hǣðenu godu and sunnan oþþe mōnan, fȳr oþþe flōd, wæterwiellas oþþe stānas oþþe ǣniġes cynnes wudutreowu, oþþe wiċċecræft lufiġe oþþe morðweorc ġefremme on ǣniġe wīsan, oþþe on blōte oþþe frihte, oþþe swelcra gedwimera ǣniġ þing drēoge.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...but yet I ask thee now why thou lovest thy friends so much, or what thou lovest in them or whether thou lovest them for their own sake or for some other thing.",
"text": "late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies\n...ac ic āhsige ðē nū gȳt for hwig þū þā frēond lufige swīðe, oððe hwæt þū on hym lufige, oððē hwæðer ðū hī for heomselfum lufige, þe for sumum ōðrum þingum.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to love"
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.fi.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.vi.ɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lufiġean"
}
],
"word": "lufian"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.