See kwalm on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cwealm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cwealm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwalm",
"3": "qualm",
"4": "quelm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cwalm, qualm, quelm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cwalm, qualm, quelm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "English: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kwalm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Middle Low German"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Middle Low German)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kwalm (possibly from Middle Low German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kwalm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kwalm, qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kwalm, qualm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "quallem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: quallem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: quallem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "kwaalm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: kwaalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: kwaalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kwalm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvalm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kvalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kvalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kvalm",
"3": "kvalme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kvalm, kvalme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kvalm, kvalme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*kwalm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *kwalm, qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *kwalm, qualm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Qualm"
},
"expansion": "German: Qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Qualm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷolH-mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *kwalmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos, from *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce, stab; pain, injury, death”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kwalm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwalm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kwalmijan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"killing, murder"
],
"id": "en-kwalm-gmw-pro-noun-m9AcnBle",
"links": [
[
"killing",
"killing"
],
[
"murder",
"murder"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kwalljan"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kwalm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch qualm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Qualm"
},
"expansion": "German Qualm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch qualm, which most likely came from quellen (“to well up; to swell up”). Cognate with German Qualm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kwalmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "kwalm m (plural kwalmen, diminutive kwalmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwalmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelwater"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmaarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmgrond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmput"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmwater"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmzand"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"steam, vapor, mist"
],
"id": "en-kwalm-nl-noun-mTrXTMv6",
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"vapor",
"vapor"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thick smoke, billow"
],
"id": "en-kwalm-nl-noun-3Vkneezt",
"links": [
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"billow",
"billow"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-kwalm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Nl-kwalm.ogg/Nl-kwalm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nl-kwalm.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kwalm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch qualm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Qualm"
},
"expansion": "German Qualm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch qualm, which most likely came from quellen (“to well up; to swell up”). Cognate with German Qualm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kwalmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "kwalm m (plural kwalmen, diminutive kwalmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kwal"
},
{
"word": "kwalmen"
},
{
"word": "kwellen"
},
{
"word": "kwelwater"
},
{
"word": "kwelmaarde"
},
{
"word": "kwelmgrond"
},
{
"word": "kwelmput"
},
{
"word": "kwelmwater"
},
{
"word": "kwelmzand"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"steam, vapor, mist"
],
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"vapor",
"vapor"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thick smoke, billow"
],
"links": [
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"billow",
"billow"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-kwalm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Nl-kwalm.ogg/Nl-kwalm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nl-kwalm.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kwalm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kwalmijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cwealm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cwealm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwalm",
"3": "qualm",
"4": "quelm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cwalm, qualm, quelm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cwalm, qualm, quelm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "English: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kwalm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Middle Low German"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Middle Low German)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kwalm (possibly from Middle Low German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kwalm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kwalm, qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kwalm, qualm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "quallem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: quallem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: quallem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "kwaalm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: kwaalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: kwaalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kwalm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvalm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kvalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kvalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kvalm",
"3": "kvalme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kvalm, kvalme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kvalm, kvalme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*kwalm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *kwalm, qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *kwalm, qualm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Qualm"
},
"expansion": "German: Qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Qualm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷolH-mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *kwalmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos, from *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce, stab; pain, injury, death”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kwalm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwalm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kwalljan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gmw-pro:Murder"
],
"glosses": [
"killing, murder"
],
"links": [
[
"killing",
"killing"
],
[
"murder",
"murder"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kwalm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kwalm meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.