See kwalm on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kwalm meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cwealm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cwealm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwalm",
"3": "qualm",
"4": "quelm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cwalm, qualm, quelm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cwalm, qualm, quelm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "English: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kwalm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Middle Low German"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Middle Low German)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kwalm (possibly from Middle Low German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kwalm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kwalm, qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kwalm, qualm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "quallem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: quallem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: quallem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "kwaalm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: kwaalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: kwaalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kwalm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvalm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kvalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kvalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kvalm",
"3": "kvalme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kvalm, kvalme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kvalm, kvalme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*kwalm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *kwalm, qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *kwalm, qualm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Qualm"
},
"expansion": "German: Qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Qualm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kwalmaz"
},
"expansion": "*kwalmaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷolH-mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷelH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to stick, pierce, stab; pain, injury, death"
},
"expansion": "*gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce, stab; pain, injury, death”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *kwalmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos, from *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce, stab; pain, injury, death”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kwalm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwalm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kwalmijan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"killing, murder"
],
"id": "en-kwalm-gmw-pro-noun-m9AcnBle",
"links": [
[
"killing",
"killing"
],
[
"murder",
"murder"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kwalljan"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kwalm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch qualm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "quellen",
"3": "",
"4": "to well up; to swell up"
},
"expansion": "quellen (“to well up; to swell up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Qualm"
},
"expansion": "German Qualm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch qualm, which most likely came from quellen (“to well up; to swell up”). Cognate with German Qualm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kwalmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "kwalmpje"
},
"expansion": "kwalm m (plural kwalmen, diminutive kwalmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwalmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelwater"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmaarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmgrond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmput"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmwater"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwelmzand"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"steam, vapor, mist"
],
"id": "en-kwalm-nl-noun-mTrXTMv6",
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"vapor",
"vapor"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thick smoke, billow"
],
"id": "en-kwalm-nl-noun-3Vkneezt",
"links": [
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"billow",
"billow"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-kwalm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Nl-kwalm.ogg/Nl-kwalm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nl-kwalm.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "kwalm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch qualm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "quellen",
"3": "",
"4": "to well up; to swell up"
},
"expansion": "quellen (“to well up; to swell up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Qualm"
},
"expansion": "German Qualm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch qualm, which most likely came from quellen (“to well up; to swell up”). Cognate with German Qualm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kwalmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "kwalmpje"
},
"expansion": "kwalm m (plural kwalmen, diminutive kwalmpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kwal"
},
{
"word": "kwalmen"
},
{
"word": "kwellen"
},
{
"word": "kwelwater"
},
{
"word": "kwelmaarde"
},
{
"word": "kwelmgrond"
},
{
"word": "kwelmput"
},
{
"word": "kwelmwater"
},
{
"word": "kwelmzand"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"steam, vapor, mist"
],
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"vapor",
"vapor"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thick smoke, billow"
],
"links": [
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"billow",
"billow"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-kwalm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Nl-kwalm.ogg/Nl-kwalm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nl-kwalm.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "kwalm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kwalmijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cwealm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cwealm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cwealm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwalm",
"3": "qualm",
"4": "quelm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cwalm, qualm, quelm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cwalm, qualm, quelm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "English: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kwalm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Middle Low German"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Middle Low German)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kwalm (possibly from Middle Low German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kwalm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kwalm, qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kwalm, qualm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "quallem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: quallem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: quallem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "kwaalm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: kwaalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: kwaalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kwalm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: kwalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: kwalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvalm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kvalm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kvalm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kvalm",
"3": "kvalme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kvalm, kvalme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kvalm, kvalme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*kwalm",
"3": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *kwalm, qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *kwalm, qualm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "qualm"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: qualm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Qualm"
},
"expansion": "German: Qualm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Qualm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kwalmaz"
},
"expansion": "*kwalmaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷolH-mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷelH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to stick, pierce, stab; pain, injury, death"
},
"expansion": "*gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce, stab; pain, injury, death”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *kwalmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos, from *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce, stab; pain, injury, death”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kwalm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwalm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kwalljan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations",
"gmw-pro:Murder"
],
"glosses": [
"killing, murder"
],
"links": [
[
"killing",
"killing"
],
[
"murder",
"murder"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kwalm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.