See ktoś on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ktoś"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ktoś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ktoś"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ftoś",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ftoś, chtoś, gdoś, ktoś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ftoś, chtoś, gdoś, ktoś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "-ś"
},
"expansion": "kto + -ś",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1455"
},
"expansion": "1455",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1455"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1455",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From kto + -ś. First attested in 1455.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "komuś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ktoś m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-ktoś"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ś",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 11 12 3 2 12 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 13 15 2 1 14 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “III Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 20, 39:",
"text": "A gdisz pobyegl møsz geden, prziwyodl gy ktosz (quidam) ku mnye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indeterminate personal pronoun; someone, somebody"
],
"id": "en-ktoś-zlw-opl-pron-LFcMqNab",
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ktɔɕ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ktɔɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ktoś",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ktoś",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ktoś"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ktoś",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "-ś"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, kto + -ś",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chtos"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian chtos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "chtesz"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian chtesz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ktoś. By surface analysis, kto + -ś. Compare Kashubian chtos and Slovincian chtesz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-sing\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "komuś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ktoś m pers",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ktoś"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktoś",
"2": "kogoś",
"3": "komuś",
"4": "kogoś",
"5": "kimś",
"6": "kimś",
"7": "ktoś"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-sing"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 31 5 7 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 23 6 7 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 5 5 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 5 5 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 27 18 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 11 10 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ś",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indeterminate personal pronoun; someone, somebody"
],
"id": "en-ktoś-pl-pron-LFcMqNab",
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kto"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 27 18 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 11 10 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ś",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite personal pronoun; someone, somebody; anyone, anybody"
],
"id": "en-ktoś-pl-pron-USTlL27U",
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
],
[
"anyone",
"anyone"
],
[
"anybody",
"anybody"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ktokolwiek"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nikt"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 27 18 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pronoun referring to a person considered more important; someone, somebody"
],
"id": "en-ktoś-pl-pron-vSEiBn-U",
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 31 5 7 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 23 6 7 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 5 5 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 5 5 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 27 18 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 11 10 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ś",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pronoun indicating a person as a separate idea; someone, somebody"
],
"id": "en-ktoś-pl-pron-uSGktq2q",
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɕ"
}
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ktoś",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ktoś",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ktoś"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ktoś",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "-ś"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, kto + -ś",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chtos"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian chtos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "chtesz"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian chtesz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ktoś. By surface analysis, kto + -ś. Compare Kashubian chtos and Slovincian chtesz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ktoś m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ktoś"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktoś",
"10": "ktosiami",
"11": "ktosiu",
"12": "ktosiach",
"13": "ktosiu",
"14": "ktosie",
"2": "ktosie",
"3": "ktosia",
"4": "ktosiów",
"5": "ktosiowi",
"6": "ktosiom",
"7": "ktosia",
"8": "ktosiów",
"9": "ktosiem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 31 5 7 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 23 6 7 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 5 5 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 5 5 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 27 18 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 11 10 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ś",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć kogoś"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used when someone wants to refer to a person indirectly, as the speaker considers that person better; someone, somebody; person"
],
"id": "en-ktoś-pl-noun-JI821LpO",
"links": [
[
"ironic",
"irony"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, often ironic) used when someone wants to refer to a person indirectly, as the speaker considers that person better; someone, somebody; person"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"ironic",
"masculine",
"often",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "See ftoś.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "szl-decl-ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōmuś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ktoś m pers",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ktoś"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "szl-decl-ktoś"
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ftoś"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ftoś"
],
"id": "en-ktoś-szl-pron-PT0LB8oU",
"links": [
[
"ftoś",
"ftoś#Silesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɕ"
}
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "żeś"
},
"expansion": "kto + żeś",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a reduction of kto + żeś.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "ktoś",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ktoś"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kto"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aorist of kto"
],
"id": "en-ktoś-szl-pron-8Wbd7lJs",
"links": [
[
"kto",
"kto#Silesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"aorist",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɕ"
}
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ktoś"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ktoś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ktoś"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ftoś",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ftoś, chtoś, gdoś, ktoś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ftoś, chtoś, gdoś, ktoś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "-ś"
},
"expansion": "kto + -ś",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1455"
},
"expansion": "1455",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1455"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1455",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From kto + -ś. First attested in 1455.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "komuś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ktoś m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-ktoś"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish pronouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ś",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “III Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 20, 39:",
"text": "A gdisz pobyegl møsz geden, prziwyodl gy ktosz (quidam) ku mnye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indeterminate personal pronoun; someone, somebody"
],
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ktɔɕ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ktɔɕ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish pronouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ś",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔɕ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ktoś",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ktoś",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ktoś"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ktoś",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "-ś"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, kto + -ś",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chtos"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian chtos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "chtesz"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian chtesz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ktoś. By surface analysis, kto + -ś. Compare Kashubian chtos and Slovincian chtesz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-sing\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "komuś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ktoś m pers",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ktoś"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktoś",
"2": "kogoś",
"3": "komuś",
"4": "kogoś",
"5": "kimś",
"6": "kimś",
"7": "ktoś"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-sing"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"indeterminate personal pronoun; someone, somebody"
],
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kto"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"indefinite personal pronoun; someone, somebody; anyone, anybody"
],
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
],
[
"anyone",
"anyone"
],
[
"anybody",
"anybody"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ktokolwiek"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nikt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pronoun referring to a person considered more important; someone, somebody"
],
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pronoun indicating a person as a separate idea; someone, somebody"
],
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɕ"
}
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish pronouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ś",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔɕ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć kogoś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ktoś",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ktoś",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ktoś"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ktoś",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "-ś"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, kto + -ś",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chtos"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian chtos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "chtesz"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian chtesz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ktoś. By surface analysis, kto + -ś. Compare Kashubian chtos and Slovincian chtesz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosiu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ktosie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ktoś m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ktoś"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktoś",
"10": "ktosiami",
"11": "ktosiu",
"12": "ktosiach",
"13": "ktosiu",
"14": "ktosie",
"2": "ktosie",
"3": "ktosia",
"4": "ktosiów",
"5": "ktosiowi",
"6": "ktosiom",
"7": "ktosia",
"8": "ktosiów",
"9": "ktosiem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"used when someone wants to refer to a person indirectly, as the speaker considers that person better; someone, somebody; person"
],
"links": [
[
"ironic",
"irony"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"somebody",
"somebody"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, often ironic) used when someone wants to refer to a person indirectly, as the speaker considers that person better; someone, somebody; person"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"ironic",
"masculine",
"often",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔɕ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔɕ/1 syllable",
"Silesian compound terms",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian non-lemma forms",
"Silesian pronoun forms",
"Silesian pronouns",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "See ftoś.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "szl-decl-ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ktoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kōmuś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ktoś m pers",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ktoś"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "szl-decl-ktoś"
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ftoś"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ftoś"
],
"links": [
[
"ftoś",
"ftoś#Silesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɕ"
}
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔɕ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔɕ/1 syllable",
"Silesian compound terms",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian non-lemma forms",
"Silesian pronoun forms",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "żeś"
},
"expansion": "kto + żeś",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a reduction of kto + żeś.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "ktoś",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ktoś"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kto"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aorist of kto"
],
"links": [
[
"kto",
"kto#Silesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"aorist",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktɔɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɕ"
}
],
"word": "ktoś"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ktoś meaning in All languages combined (12.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.