See kopat on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kopat meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kdo jinému jámu kopá, sám do ní padá"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "prokopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vykopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zakopat"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "kopati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech kopati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "kopati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech kopati",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kopati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kopati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech kopati, from Proto-Slavic *kopati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kopnout",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kopat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopající",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kopání",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaný",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kopám",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopeme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopejme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopeš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopej",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopejte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopají",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kopal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopán",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaly",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopán",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopány",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaly",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopána",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopány",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopána",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"present",
"singular",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajíc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"present",
"singular",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajíce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"transgressive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "impf",
"pf": "kopnout"
},
"expansion": "kopat impf (perfective kopnout)",
"name": "cs-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧pat"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kop",
"aspect": "i",
"pf 1s2": "kopu",
"pf 3p2": "kopou",
"pf 3s2": "kope"
},
"name": "cs-conj-děl-at"
},
{
"args": {
"aspect": "i",
"im 2s": "kopej",
"im 2s2": "",
"pass adj": "kopaný",
"pass ms": "kopán",
"pass ns": "",
"past ms": "kopal",
"pf 1s2": "kopu",
"pf 3p": "kopají",
"pf 3p2": "kopou",
"pf 3s": "kopá",
"pf 3s2": "kope",
"tr1 past": "",
"tr1 pres": "kopaje",
"tr2 pres": "kopajíc",
"vn": "kopání"
},
"name": "cs-conj-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dokopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kopačka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kopaná"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kopanec"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kopanice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kopaničář"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kopanina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kopáč"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kopnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nakopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "odkopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "odkopnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "okop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "okopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "podkopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pokopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "prokopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "průkopník"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "překopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "příkop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rozkopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ukopnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vykopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "výkop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zakopat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zakopnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zákop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zkopat"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"id": "en-kopat-cs-verb-Dmbqc2e4",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As a boy he used to kick the ball all day.",
"text": "Jako kluk kopal do míče celý den.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to kick"
],
"id": "en-kopat-cs-verb-hH6IPJrd",
"links": [
[
"kick",
"kick"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkopat]"
},
{
"audio": "Cs-kopat.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Cs-kopat.ogg/Cs-kopat.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Cs-kopat.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "kopat"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech imperfective verbs",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech terms with audio links",
"Czech verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kdo jinému jámu kopá, sám do ní padá"
},
{
"word": "prokopat"
},
{
"word": "vykopat"
},
{
"word": "zakopat"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "kopati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech kopati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "kopati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech kopati",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kopati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kopati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech kopati, from Proto-Slavic *kopati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kopnout",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kopat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopající",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kopání",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaný",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kopám",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopeme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopejme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopeš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopej",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopejte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopají",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kopal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopán",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaly",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopán",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopány",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaly",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopána",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopány",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopáno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopána",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"present",
"singular",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajíc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"present",
"singular",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajíce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"transgressive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"transgressive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "impf",
"pf": "kopnout"
},
"expansion": "kopat impf (perfective kopnout)",
"name": "cs-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧pat"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kop",
"aspect": "i",
"pf 1s2": "kopu",
"pf 3p2": "kopou",
"pf 3s2": "kope"
},
"name": "cs-conj-děl-at"
},
{
"args": {
"aspect": "i",
"im 2s": "kopej",
"im 2s2": "",
"pass adj": "kopaný",
"pass ms": "kopán",
"pass ns": "",
"past ms": "kopal",
"pf 1s2": "kopu",
"pf 3p": "kopají",
"pf 3p2": "kopou",
"pf 3s": "kopá",
"pf 3s2": "kope",
"tr1 past": "",
"tr1 pres": "kopaje",
"tr2 pres": "kopajíc",
"vn": "kopání"
},
"name": "cs-conj-forms"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "dokopat"
},
{
"word": "kop"
},
{
"word": "kopačka"
},
{
"word": "kopaná"
},
{
"word": "kopanec"
},
{
"word": "kopanice"
},
{
"word": "kopaničář"
},
{
"word": "kopanina"
},
{
"word": "kopáč"
},
{
"word": "kopnout"
},
{
"word": "nakopat"
},
{
"word": "odkopat"
},
{
"word": "odkopnout"
},
{
"word": "okop"
},
{
"word": "okopat"
},
{
"word": "podkopat"
},
{
"word": "pokopat"
},
{
"word": "prokopat"
},
{
"word": "průkopník"
},
{
"word": "překopat"
},
{
"word": "příkop"
},
{
"word": "rozkopat"
},
{
"word": "ukopnout"
},
{
"word": "vykopat"
},
{
"word": "výkop"
},
{
"word": "zakopat"
},
{
"word": "zakopnout"
},
{
"word": "zákop"
},
{
"word": "zkopat"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Czech terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As a boy he used to kick the ball all day.",
"text": "Jako kluk kopal do míče celý den.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to kick"
],
"links": [
[
"kick",
"kick"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkopat]"
},
{
"audio": "Cs-kopat.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Cs-kopat.ogg/Cs-kopat.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Cs-kopat.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "kopat"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Active adjective'",
"path": [
"kopat"
],
"section": "Czech",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "kopat",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Passive adjective'",
"path": [
"kopat"
],
"section": "Czech",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "kopat",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.