See koivu on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*koivu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *koivu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõiv"
},
"expansion": "Estonian kõiv",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "килей"
},
"expansion": "Erzya килей (kilej)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *koivu, from Proto-Uralic *kojwa. Cognates include Estonian kõiv and Erzya килей (kilej).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "1/valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivua",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivutta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "1/valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivukseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivukseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koiv",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "u",
"5": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-valo"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish valo-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "fi",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "fi:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "koivikko"
},
{
"word": "koivisto"
},
{
"word": "Koivu"
},
{
"word": "koivuinen"
},
{
"word": "Koivula"
},
{
"word": "Koivunen"
},
{
"word": "hieskoivu"
},
{
"word": "juhannuskoivu"
},
{
"word": "Koijärvi"
},
{
"word": "Koivuaho"
},
{
"word": "koivuallergia"
},
{
"word": "koivufiikus"
},
{
"word": "Koivuhaka"
},
{
"word": "koivuhalko"
},
{
"word": "koivuhapero"
},
{
"word": "koivuhiiri"
},
{
"word": "Koivukangas"
},
{
"word": "koivukasvi"
},
{
"word": "Koivukoski"
},
{
"word": "koivukuitu"
},
{
"word": "koivukuja"
},
{
"word": "Koivukylä"
},
{
"word": "Koivulahti"
},
{
"word": "koivulauta"
},
{
"word": "Koivulehto"
},
{
"word": "Koivuluoma"
},
{
"word": "Koivumaa"
},
{
"word": "koivumetsikkö"
},
{
"word": "koivumetsä"
},
{
"word": "Koivumäki"
},
{
"word": "Koivuneva"
},
{
"word": "Koivuniemen herra"
},
{
"word": "Koivuniemi"
},
{
"word": "koivuniemi"
},
{
"word": "koivunkantosieni"
},
{
"word": "koivunlehti"
},
{
"word": "koivunlehtohapero"
},
{
"word": "koivunlehvä"
},
{
"word": "koivunmahla"
},
{
"word": "koivunoksa"
},
{
"word": "koivunpuistohapero"
},
{
"word": "koivunritva"
},
{
"word": "koivunrunko"
},
{
"word": "koivunurpu"
},
{
"word": "koivunvarpu"
},
{
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"word": "Koivuranta"
},
{
"word": "koivurousku"
},
{
"word": "Koivurova"
},
{
"word": "Koivusaari"
},
{
"word": "Koivusalo"
},
{
"word": "koivuseitikki"
},
{
"word": "Koivusilta"
},
{
"word": "koivusokeri"
},
{
"word": "koivuterva"
},
{
"word": "koivutukki"
},
{
"word": "koivuvaltainen"
},
{
"word": "koivuvaneri"
},
{
"word": "koivuvihta"
},
{
"word": "koivuviilu"
},
{
"word": "koivuvinokas"
},
{
"word": "koivuvitsa"
},
{
"word": "koivuvyöhyke"
},
{
"word": "loimukoivu"
},
{
"word": "paperikoivu"
},
{
"word": "pihakoivu"
},
{
"word": "punakoivu"
},
{
"word": "rantakoivu"
},
{
"word": "rauduskoivu"
},
{
"word": "riippakoivu"
},
{
"word": "ritvakoivu"
},
{
"word": "sokerikoivu"
},
{
"word": "tunturikoivu"
},
{
"word": "vaivaiskoivu"
},
{
"word": "vanerikoivu"
},
{
"word": "vastaskoivu"
},
{
"word": "vihdaskoivu"
},
{
"word": "visakoivu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch (deciduous tree)"
],
"id": "en-koivu-fi-noun-rpHtspWY",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoi̯ʋu/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞i̯ʋu]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oiʋu"
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*koivu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *koivu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "koivu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish koivu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõiv"
},
"expansion": "Estonian kõiv",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *koivu, from Proto-Uralic *kojwa. Cognates include Finnish koivu and Estonian kõiv.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "4/koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivua",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloihe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivult",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"koi‧vu"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "izh",
"name": "Birch family plants",
"orig": "izh:Birch family plants",
"parents": [
"Fagales order plants",
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "koivuin"
},
{
"word": "koivuin"
},
{
"word": "koivumetsä"
},
{
"word": "koivuopokka"
},
{
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"word": "koivusikko"
},
{
"word": "koivuvasta"
},
{
"word": "maariankoivu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch"
],
"id": "en-koivu-izh-noun-VIpCUX-i",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoi̯ʋu/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞i̯ʋŭ̥]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoi̯ʋu/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞i̯ʋu]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oi̯ʋu"
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*koivu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *koivu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *koivu, from Proto-Uralic *kojwa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koivun",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuu",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "koivun",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "koivuu",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f3request": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "koivu (genitive koivun, partitive koivuu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "koivun",
"2": "koivuu"
},
"expansion": "koivu (genitive koivun, partitive koivuu)",
"name": "krl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Karelian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "krl",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "krl:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch"
],
"id": "en-koivu-krl-noun-VIpCUX-i",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*koivu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *koivu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *koivu, from Proto-Uralic *kojwa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/võrkko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "II/võrkko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivua",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "vot-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"koi‧vu"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic võrkko-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "vot",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "vot:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch (tree)"
],
"id": "en-koivu-vot-noun-LAOUEC2J",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kahtši"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoi̯vu/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkoi̯vu]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oi̯vu"
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõiv"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kõiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kõiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "koivu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: koivu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: koivu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "koivu"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: koivu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: koivu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: koivu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: koivu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Courland Livonian: kȭvaz, kõuvõ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vidzeme Livonian: küu, küuve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "koiv"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: koiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: koiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "koiv"
},
"expansion": "Veps: koiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: koiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kõiv"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kõiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kõiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "koivu"
},
"expansion": "Votic: koivu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: koivu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *kojwa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivudën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koivu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koivu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch (tree)"
],
"id": "en-koivu-urj-fin-pro-noun-LAOUEC2J",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*kaski"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "koivikko"
},
{
"word": "koivisto"
},
{
"word": "Koivu"
},
{
"word": "koivuinen"
},
{
"word": "Koivula"
},
{
"word": "Koivunen"
},
{
"word": "hieskoivu"
},
{
"word": "juhannuskoivu"
},
{
"word": "Koijärvi"
},
{
"word": "Koivuaho"
},
{
"word": "koivuallergia"
},
{
"word": "koivufiikus"
},
{
"word": "Koivuhaka"
},
{
"word": "koivuhalko"
},
{
"word": "koivuhapero"
},
{
"word": "koivuhiiri"
},
{
"word": "Koivukangas"
},
{
"word": "koivukasvi"
},
{
"word": "Koivukoski"
},
{
"word": "koivukuitu"
},
{
"word": "koivukuja"
},
{
"word": "Koivukylä"
},
{
"word": "Koivulahti"
},
{
"word": "koivulauta"
},
{
"word": "Koivulehto"
},
{
"word": "Koivuluoma"
},
{
"word": "Koivumaa"
},
{
"word": "koivumetsikkö"
},
{
"word": "koivumetsä"
},
{
"word": "Koivumäki"
},
{
"word": "Koivuneva"
},
{
"word": "Koivuniemen herra"
},
{
"word": "Koivuniemi"
},
{
"word": "koivuniemi"
},
{
"word": "koivunkantosieni"
},
{
"word": "koivunlehti"
},
{
"word": "koivunlehtohapero"
},
{
"word": "koivunlehvä"
},
{
"word": "koivunmahla"
},
{
"word": "koivunoksa"
},
{
"word": "koivunpuistohapero"
},
{
"word": "koivunritva"
},
{
"word": "koivunrunko"
},
{
"word": "koivunurpu"
},
{
"word": "koivunvarpu"
},
{
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"word": "Koivuranta"
},
{
"word": "koivurousku"
},
{
"word": "Koivurova"
},
{
"word": "Koivusaari"
},
{
"word": "Koivusalo"
},
{
"word": "koivuseitikki"
},
{
"word": "Koivusilta"
},
{
"word": "koivusokeri"
},
{
"word": "koivuterva"
},
{
"word": "koivutukki"
},
{
"word": "koivuvaltainen"
},
{
"word": "koivuvaneri"
},
{
"word": "koivuvihta"
},
{
"word": "koivuviilu"
},
{
"word": "koivuvinokas"
},
{
"word": "koivuvitsa"
},
{
"word": "koivuvyöhyke"
},
{
"word": "loimukoivu"
},
{
"word": "paperikoivu"
},
{
"word": "pihakoivu"
},
{
"word": "punakoivu"
},
{
"word": "rantakoivu"
},
{
"word": "rauduskoivu"
},
{
"word": "riippakoivu"
},
{
"word": "ritvakoivu"
},
{
"word": "sokerikoivu"
},
{
"word": "tunturikoivu"
},
{
"word": "vaivaiskoivu"
},
{
"word": "vanerikoivu"
},
{
"word": "vastaskoivu"
},
{
"word": "vihdaskoivu"
},
{
"word": "visakoivu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*koivu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *koivu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõiv"
},
"expansion": "Estonian kõiv",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "килей"
},
"expansion": "Erzya килей (kilej)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *koivu, from Proto-Uralic *kojwa. Cognates include Estonian kõiv and Erzya килей (kilej).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "1/valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivua",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivutta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "1/valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivukseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuusi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-valo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivustansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuunsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivukseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuttansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koiv",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "u",
"5": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-valo"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 2-syllable words",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish nouns",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Finnish valo-type nominals",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Finnish/oiʋu",
"Rhymes:Finnish/oiʋu/2 syllables",
"fi:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"birch (deciduous tree)"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoi̯ʋu/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞i̯ʋu]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oiʋu"
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "koivuin"
},
{
"word": "koivuin"
},
{
"word": "koivumetsä"
},
{
"word": "koivuopokka"
},
{
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"word": "koivusikko"
},
{
"word": "koivuvasta"
},
{
"word": "maariankoivu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*koivu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *koivu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "koivu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish koivu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõiv"
},
"expansion": "Estonian kõiv",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *koivu, from Proto-Uralic *kojwa. Cognates include Finnish koivu and Estonian kõiv.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "4/koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivua",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloihe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivult",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuloint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"koi‧vu"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian nouns",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/oi̯ʋu",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/oi̯ʋu/2 syllables",
"izh:Birch family plants"
],
"glosses": [
"birch"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoi̯ʋu/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞i̯ʋŭ̥]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoi̯ʋu/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞i̯ʋu]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oi̯ʋu"
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*koivu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *koivu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *koivu, from Proto-Uralic *kojwa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koivun",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuu",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "koivun",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "koivuu",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f3request": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "koivu (genitive koivun, partitive koivuu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "koivun",
"2": "koivuu"
},
"expansion": "koivu (genitive koivun, partitive koivuu)",
"name": "krl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Karelian entries with incorrect language header",
"Karelian lemmas",
"Karelian nouns",
"Karelian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Karelian terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"krl:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"birch"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõiv"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kõiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kõiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "koivu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: koivu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: koivu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "koivu"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: koivu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: koivu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: koivu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: koivu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Courland Livonian: kȭvaz, kõuvõ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vidzeme Livonian: küu, küuve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "koiv"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: koiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: koiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "koiv"
},
"expansion": "Veps: koiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: koiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kõiv"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kõiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kõiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "koivu"
},
"expansion": "Votic: koivu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: koivu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *kojwa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivudën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koivu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koivu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"urj-fin-pro:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"birch (tree)"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*kaski"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*koivu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *koivu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kojwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *koivu, from Proto-Uralic *kojwa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/võrkko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "II/võrkko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivujõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivua",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivusõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivulõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivullõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivultõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koivussi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koivuissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koivu",
"name": "vot-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"koi‧vu"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Votic/oi̯vu",
"Rhymes:Votic/oi̯vu/2 syllables",
"Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"Votic lemmas",
"Votic nouns",
"Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Votic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Votic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Votic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Votic võrkko-type nominals",
"vot:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"birch (tree)"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoi̯vu/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkoi̯vu]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oi̯vu"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kahtši"
}
],
"word": "koivu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for koivu meaning in All languages combined (36.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Votic]; cleaned text: ^(*)) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^(**)) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ^(***)) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive., style: //vot-decl-notes//NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"koivu"
],
"section": "Votic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "koivu",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.