"koivu" meaning in Proto-Finnic

See koivu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Uralic *kojwa. Etymology templates: {{inh|urj-fin-pro|urj-pro|*kojwa}} Proto-Uralic *kojwa Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-decl|koivu}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], koivu [nominative, singular], koivut [nominative, plural], koivun [accusative, singular], koivut [accusative, plural], koivun [genitive, singular], koivudën [genitive, plural], koivuidën [genitive, plural], koivuda [partitive, singular], koivuida [partitive, plural], koivussa [inessive, singular], koivuhna [inessive, singular], koivuissa [inessive, plural], koivuihna [inessive, plural], koivusta [elative, singular], koivuista [elative, plural], koivuhën [illative, singular], koivuihën [illative, plural], koivulla [adessive, singular], koivuilla [adessive, plural], koivulta [ablative, singular], koivuilta [ablative, plural], koivulën [allative, singular], koivulëk [allative, singular], koivuilën [allative, plural], koivuilëk [allative, plural], koivuna [essive, singular], koivuina [essive, plural], koivuksi [singular, translative], koivuiksi [plural, translative], koivun [instructive, singular], koivuin [instructive, plural], koivunëk [comitative, singular], koivuinëk [comitative, plural], koivutta [abessive, singular], koivuitta [abessive, plural]
  1. birch (tree) Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *kaski
    Sense id: en-koivu-urj-fin-pro-noun-LAOUEC2J Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "kõiv"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: kõiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: kõiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "koivu"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: koivu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: koivu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "koivu"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: koivu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: koivu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Karelian: koivu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Karelian: koivu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "liv",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Livonian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livonian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Courland Livonian: kȭvaz, kõuvõ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Vidzeme Livonian: küu, küuve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "koiv"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: koiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: koiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "koiv"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: koiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: koiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "kõiv"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: kõiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: kõiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "koivu"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: koivu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: koivu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*kojwa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *kojwa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivudën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuida",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivussa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuhna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivusta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivulla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivulta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivulën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivulëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivunëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivutta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "koivu"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koivu",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "birch (tree)"
      ],
      "id": "en-koivu-urj-fin-pro-noun-LAOUEC2J",
      "links": [
        [
          "birch",
          "birch"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*kaski"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "koivu"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "kõiv"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: kõiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: kõiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "koivu"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: koivu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: koivu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "koivu"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: koivu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: koivu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Karelian: koivu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Karelian: koivu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "liv",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Livonian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livonian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Courland Livonian: kȭvaz, kõuvõ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Vidzeme Livonian: küu, küuve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "koiv"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: koiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: koiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "koiv"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: koiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: koiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "kõiv"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: kõiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: kõiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "koivu"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: koivu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: koivu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*kojwa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kojwa",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *kojwa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivudën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuida",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivussa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuhna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivusta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivulla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivulta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivulën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivulëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivunëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivutta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koivuitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "koivu"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koivu",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
        "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
        "Proto-Finnic nouns",
        "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
        "Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
        "urj-fin-pro:Trees"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "birch (tree)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "birch",
          "birch"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*kaski"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "koivu"
}

Download raw JSONL data for koivu meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.