See kalkan on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "قلقان",
"tr": "kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish قلقان (kalkan)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*Kạl(ɨ)-",
"tr": "kalk(ɨ)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *Kạl(ɨ)- (kalk(ɨ)-)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qalxan"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qalxan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak qalqan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "қалқан"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh қалқан (qalqan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "калкан"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz калкан (kalkan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "galkan"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen galkan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qalqon"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qalqon",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish قلقان (kalkan), possibly from Proto-Turkic *Kạl(ɨ)- (kalk(ɨ)-), to rise, to soar; through the addition of the suffixes -ık and -an. Cognate with Azerbaijani qalxan, Karakalpak qalqan, Kazakh қалқан (qalqan), Kyrgyz калкан (kalkan), Turkmen galkan, Uzbek qalqon. However, Nişanyan suspects a Mongolian borrowing, based on the verbal cognate qalqa(n), to shield.\nIn the sense of a fish, the term is short for kalkan balığı, following the shape of the latter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalkanı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "kalkanı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "kalkanlar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kalkan (definite accusative kalkanı, plural kalkanlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "kalkan (definite accusative kalkanı, plural kalkanlar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shield"
],
"id": "en-kalkan-tr-noun-BypibtLW",
"links": [
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 46 50",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Flatfish",
"orig": "tr:Flatfish",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turbot"
],
"id": "en-kalkan-tr-noun-CB9Sy8E1",
"links": [
[
"turbot",
"turbot"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaɫˈkan/"
}
],
"word": "kalkan"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kalkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 26 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 22 58",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "tr:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 46 50",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Flatfish",
"orig": "tr:Flatfish",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kalkmak"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle of kalkmak"
],
"id": "en-kalkan-tr-verb-zqppnQqJ",
"links": [
[
"kalkmak",
"kalkmak#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaɫˈkan/"
}
],
"word": "kalkan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic: *kalkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Common Turkic: *kalkan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"tr": "kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qalxan"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qalxan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qalxan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "قلقان",
"tr": "kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: قلقان (kalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: قلقان (kalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: kalkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: kalkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "galkan"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: galkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: galkan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "قالقان",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: قالقان (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: قالقان (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qalqon"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: qalqon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: qalqon"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "قلقان",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "qalqân"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: قلقان (qalqân)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: قلقان (qalqân)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡалҡан"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: ҡалҡан (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: ҡалҡан (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "калкан"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: калкан (qalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: калкан (qalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: qalqan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: qalqan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "калкан",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: калкан (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: калкан (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: qalqan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: qalqan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "қалқан"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: қалқан (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: қалқан (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "калкан"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: калкан (kalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: калкан (kalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "калкан"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: калкан (kalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: калкан (kalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "qʾlqʾn",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: qʾlqʾn (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: qʾlqʾn (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kalkan",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *kalkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *kalkan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kalkan",
"t": "shield"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *kalkan (“shield”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kalk-",
"3": "*-gan",
"t1": "to rise"
},
"expansion": "*kalk- (“to rise”) + *-gan",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clauson suggests that this is a basic noun, however in terms of its origin there have been multiple theories:\n# Rasanen and Nishanyan sugget that this is a borrowing from Proto-Mongolic *kalkan (“shield”) however ESTJa and Clauson suggest the reverse.\n# Nishanyan attempts to explain a native origin as a derivation *kalk- (“to rise”) + *-gan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkannï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkannïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkangaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kalkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kalkan",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uyghur terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shield"
],
"id": "en-kalkan-trk-pro-noun-BypibtLW",
"links": [
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
],
"qualifier": "Common Turkic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Common Turkic, weaponry) shield"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
}
],
"word": "kalkan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic: *kalkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Common Turkic: *kalkan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"tr": "kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qalxan"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qalxan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qalxan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "قلقان",
"tr": "kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: قلقان (kalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: قلقان (kalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: kalkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: kalkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "galkan"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: galkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: galkan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "قالقان",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: قالقان (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: قالقان (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qalqon"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: qalqon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: qalqon"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "قلقان",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "qalqân"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: قلقان (qalqân)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: قلقان (qalqân)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡалҡан"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: ҡалҡан (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: ҡалҡан (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "калкан"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: калкан (qalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: калкан (qalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: qalqan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: qalqan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "калкан",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: калкан (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: калкан (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: qalqan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: qalqan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "қалқан"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: қалқан (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: қалқан (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "калкан"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: калкан (kalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: калкан (kalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "калкан"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: калкан (kalkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: калкан (kalkan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "qʾlqʾn",
"tr": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: qʾlqʾn (qalqan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: qʾlqʾn (qalqan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kalkan",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *kalkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *kalkan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kalkan",
"t": "shield"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *kalkan (“shield”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kalk-",
"3": "*-gan",
"t1": "to rise"
},
"expansion": "*kalk- (“to rise”) + *-gan",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clauson suggests that this is a basic noun, however in terms of its origin there have been multiple theories:\n# Rasanen and Nishanyan sugget that this is a borrowing from Proto-Mongolic *kalkan (“shield”) however ESTJa and Clauson suggest the reverse.\n# Nishanyan attempts to explain a native origin as a derivation *kalk- (“to rise”) + *-gan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkannï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkannïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkangaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kalkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kalkan",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Common Turkic",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Requests for native script for Chagatai terms",
"Requests for native script for Karakhanid terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Anatolian Turkish terms",
"Uyghur terms with redundant transliterations",
"trk-pro:Armor",
"trk-pro:Weapons"
],
"glosses": [
"shield"
],
"links": [
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
],
"qualifier": "Common Turkic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Common Turkic, weaponry) shield"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
}
],
"word": "kalkan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish verb forms",
"tr:Armor",
"tr:Flatfish"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "قلقان",
"tr": "kalkan"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish قلقان (kalkan)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*Kạl(ɨ)-",
"tr": "kalk(ɨ)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *Kạl(ɨ)- (kalk(ɨ)-)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qalxan"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qalxan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "qalqan"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak qalqan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "қалқан"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh қалқан (qalqan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "калкан"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz калкан (kalkan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "galkan"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen galkan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qalqon"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qalqon",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish قلقان (kalkan), possibly from Proto-Turkic *Kạl(ɨ)- (kalk(ɨ)-), to rise, to soar; through the addition of the suffixes -ık and -an. Cognate with Azerbaijani qalxan, Karakalpak qalqan, Kazakh қалқан (qalqan), Kyrgyz калкан (kalkan), Turkmen galkan, Uzbek qalqon. However, Nişanyan suspects a Mongolian borrowing, based on the verbal cognate qalqa(n), to shield.\nIn the sense of a fish, the term is short for kalkan balığı, following the shape of the latter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalkanı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkanların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "kalkanı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "kalkanlar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kalkan (definite accusative kalkanı, plural kalkanlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "kalkan (definite accusative kalkanı, plural kalkanlar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shield"
],
"links": [
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"turbot"
],
"links": [
[
"turbot",
"turbot"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaɫˈkan/"
}
],
"word": "kalkan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish verb forms",
"tr:Armor",
"tr:Flatfish"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kalkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kalkmak"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle of kalkmak"
],
"links": [
[
"kalkmak",
"kalkmak#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaɫˈkan/"
}
],
"word": "kalkan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kalkan meaning in All languages combined (11.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.