See kõva on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvasti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvadus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvakas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõva käsi olema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõva pähkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõva sõna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõva süda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvaks minema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "südant kõvaks tegema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvastama"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvastuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvendama"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvenema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "betoonkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kivikõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kontkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "laudkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luukõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "malmkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "poolkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "raudkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ränikõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sarvkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "teemantkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "traatkõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ülikõva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvajoodis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvakelme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvakest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvaketas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvakummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvakübar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvamädanik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvanisu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvanõgi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvasulam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvavõitu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvahäälne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvakestaline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvakäeline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kõvasüdameline"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kova"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kova",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi,izh,krl,olo,lud,vep",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian, Livvi, Ludian, and Veps kova",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Votic kõva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kõvā"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kõvā",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kova. Cognates include Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian, Livvi, Ludian, and Veps kova, Votic kõva and Livonian kõvā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kõva",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvem",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõige kõvem",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvim",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-sõna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "17u/sõna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvasid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvasse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvusse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõval",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvult",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvuks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"11": "comparative",
"12": "kõvem",
"13": "superlative",
"14": "kõige kõvem",
"15": "or",
"16": "kõvim",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "kõva",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "kõva",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"f5accel-form": "comparative",
"f6accel-form": "superlative",
"f6nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kõva (genitive kõva, partitive kõva, comparative kõvem, superlative kõige kõvem or kõvim)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kõva",
"2": "kõva",
"c": "kõvem",
"s": "kõvim"
},
"expansion": "kõva (genitive kõva, partitive kõva, comparative kõvem, superlative kõige kõvem or kõvim)",
"name": "et-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kõ‧va"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kõva"
},
"name": "et-decl-sõna"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stiff fabric",
"text": "kõva riie",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wet clothes froze solid.",
"text": "Märjad riided külmusid kõvaks.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"stiff, tough, rigid"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-oRwSyXcU",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"items of clothing",
"items of clothing"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"(of items of clothing) stiff, tough, rigid"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of items of clothing"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The bed was hard.",
"text": "Voodi oli kõva.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he was sitting on a hard bench in the waiting room.",
"text": "Konutas ooteruumi kõval pingil.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard furniture (= without padding or covering)",
"text": "kõva mööbel",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"hard, stiff and uncomfortable (to sit or lie down in)"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-ExoiYtH-",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"uncomfortable",
"uncomfortable"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"erect (penis)"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-7rmLRP9j",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"erect",
"erect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"(vulgar) erect (penis)"
],
"tags": [
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "et",
"name": "Pornography",
"orig": "et:Pornography",
"parents": [
"Sex",
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hardcore pornography",
"text": "kõva porno",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"hard, hardcore"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-QHbsVPN4",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"pornography",
"pornography"
],
[
"hardcore",
"hardcore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"(pornography) hard, hardcore"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"media",
"pornography",
"sexuality"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard metal",
"text": "kõva metall",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard as a rock",
"text": "kõva kui kivi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The magma was covered with a hard crust.",
"text": "Magma kattus kõva koorikuga.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Cast iron is hard and brittle.",
"text": "Malm on kõva ja rabe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "paved road (literally, “with a hard cover […] ”)",
"text": "kõva kattega maantee",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Steel is harder than iron.",
"text": "Teras on kõvem kui raud.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "An oak is a harder tree than a birch.",
"text": "Tamm on kõvem puu kui kask.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a hardcover book",
"text": "kõvade kaantega raamat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The potatoes are hard, they still need to be boiled.",
"text": "Kartulid on kõvad, tuleb veel keeta.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a hard-boiled egg",
"text": "kõvaks keedetud muna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard palate",
"text": "kõva suulagi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "coarse beard (= with stiff hairs, difficult to trim)",
"text": "kõva habe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The path became more and more sandy and soft and eventually the hard ground disappeared completely. The feet sank deep into the sand.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Paul Kuusberg, (Please provide the book title or journal name):",
"text": "Tee muutus ikka liivasemaks ja pehmemaks ning lõpuks kadus kõva põhi täiesti. Jalad vajusid sügavale liiva.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-uODW0ly3",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nõrk"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The pasture has a firm fence around it.",
"text": "Karjamaal on kõva aed ümber.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The roof is still durable and does not let the rain through.",
"text": "Katus on veel kõva ega lase vihma läbi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The cupboard had a firm lock, it could not be broken.",
"text": "Kapil oli kõva lukk, seda ei suudetud lahti murda.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strong stomach (literally, “strong nerves”)",
"text": "kõvad närvid",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A glassblower must have strong lungs.",
"text": "Klaasipuhujal peavad olema kõvad kopsud.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "\"Are you going to put on your own long boots?\" his father asked. \"At first I was, but now I've changed my mind. Mine hold water well, but they're not very strong against twigs and thistles,\" Indrek replied.",
"ref": "1933, A. H. Tammsaare, chapter II, in Tõde ja õigus V [Truth and Justice] (Tõde ja õigus; V), 2nd edition, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, published 1936, →ISBN, pages 21–22:",
"text": "„Kas tõmbad iseoma pikad säärikud jalga?“ küsis isa. „Esiteks pidin küll, aga nüüd mõtlesin ümber. Minu omad peavad küll hästi vett, aga risu ja orkide vastu pole nad kuigi kõvad,“ vastas Indrek.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "\"I'm going to go get some more firewood,\" said the former young boy, in order to get permission to listen in for this service, because the old men were forcing the minors to sleep to make them tougher for the hard work.",
"ref": "1894, Juhan Liiv, chapter 8, in Friedebert Tuglas, editor, Vari [Shadow] (Kogutud teoksed; 2), 3rd edition, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, published 1923, →ISBN, page 81:",
"text": "„Ma lähen, toon veel puid tulle,“ ütles endine noor poiss, et selle teenistuse eest kuulamise luba saada, sest vanad mehed sundisid alaealisi magama, et nad raskele tööle kõvemad oleksid.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm, durable, strong, tough"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-UoOYfF~R",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"durable",
"durable"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a tough guy",
"text": "kõva mees",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strong forestry worker (literally, “ […] with a tough bone”)",
"text": "kõva kondiga metsatööline",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tough, strong, powerful"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-DPLZzJtI",
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 7 4 2 9 4 3 1 2 1 7 7 7 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 4 3 8 4 3 1 4 1 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian sõna-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 3 2 12 3 2 1 2 1 8 8 8 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 11 0 0 1 3 0 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 2 1 12 2 1 1 1 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 11 0 0 0 2 0 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a powerful hit against the door",
"text": "kõva hoop vastu ust",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he took a hard swing at the back of the boy's head.",
"text": "Äigas poisile kõva võmmu kuklasse.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tough, strong, powerful",
"forceful, done with force"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-Yw5AyTcY",
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a firm economic base",
"text": "kõva majanduslik põhi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he has his/her back steadily covered with the higher-ups.",
"text": "Tal on kõrgemal pool kõva seljatagune.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he has a firm belief that things will soon change.",
"text": "Tal on kõva usk, et olukord peagi muutub.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The institution runs a tight ship.",
"text": "Asutuses valitseb kõva kord.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You need somebody stronger to manage the holding. (literally, “ […] a stronger hand […] ”)",
"text": "Majandi juhtimisel oleks vaja kõvemat kätt.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It was a scuffle between two tough opponents.",
"text": "See oli kemplemine kahe kõva vastase vahel.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm, tough, strong, steadfast, steady"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-2DRGipz2",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
],
[
"steady",
"steady"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There is a severe punishment for this.",
"text": "Selle eest on kõva karistus.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he got a stern talking-to.",
"text": "Ta sai kõva peapesu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I said a few strong words (= swear words).",
"text": "Ütlesin paar kõva sõna.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "harsh criticism",
"text": "kõva kriitika",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strict ban",
"text": "kõva keeld",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "All roads were under heavy surveillance.",
"text": "Kõik teed olid kõva valve all.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"severe, strict, harsh, stern, austere, heavy"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-YTcQamtN",
"links": [
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"austere",
"austere"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Saima is a hard worker.",
"text": "Saima on kõva tööinimene.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's a good swimmer.",
"text": "Ta on kõva ujuja.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's a biology whiz.",
"text": "Ta on bioloogias kõva.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I was already a good mathematician at school.",
"text": "Juba koolis olin kõva matemaatik.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He is a masterful craftsman.",
"text": "Ta on kõva meistrimees.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's a tough guy in his field.",
"text": "Ta on igati kõva mees omal alal.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"good, high-quality, remarkable",
"avid, outstanding, good at a specific field"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-GpberKqE",
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"high-quality",
"high-quality"
],
[
"remarkable",
"remarkable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"avid",
"avid"
],
[
"outstanding",
"outstanding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly informal) good, high-quality, remarkable",
"(of a person, positive) avid, outstanding, good at a specific field"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"positive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The boy is a tough fighter.",
"text": "Poiss on kõva kakleja.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The girl is very loose (= a prostitute).",
"text": "Tüdruk on kõva kurameerija.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The man is a heavy drinker.",
"text": "Mees on kõva joodik.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The old man is a tough businessman and a wheeler-dealer.",
"text": "Vanamees on kõva ärimees ja hangeldaja.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Who's that snoring so loud? (literally, “Who is such a heavy snorer?”)",
"text": "Kes see nii kõva norskaja on?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"good, high-quality, remarkable",
"inveterate, heavy, tough"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-D2aHDEbx",
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"high-quality",
"high-quality"
],
[
"remarkable",
"remarkable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"inveterate",
"inveterate"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly informal) good, high-quality, remarkable",
"(of a person, negative) inveterate, heavy, tough"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(S)he got a good education.",
"text": "Ta sai kõva koolihariduse.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Our school is one of the best high schools.",
"text": "Meie kool kuulub kõvemate keskkoolide hulka.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "That was a hell of a party.",
"text": "See oli kõva pidu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he had a successful career.",
"text": "Ta tegi kõva karjääri.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A worker needs something heavier to eat.",
"text": "Töömees vajab kõvemat toitu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "heavy sleep",
"text": "kõva uni",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"good, high-quality, remarkable"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-~o-ZsVRW",
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"high-quality",
"high-quality"
],
[
"remarkable",
"remarkable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly informal) good, high-quality, remarkable"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 4 3 8 4 3 1 4 1 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian sõna-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's a good kilometre to get there.",
"text": "Sinna on kõva kilomeeter maad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There are about a dozen bottles.",
"text": "Pudeleid on oma kõva tosin.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The presentation lasted a solid half hour.",
"text": "Ettekanne kestis kõva pool tundi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A good third of the way is still to go.",
"text": "Kõva kolmandik teed on veel käimata.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's a good ten years younger than me.",
"text": "Ta on minust kõva kümme aastat noorem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper",
"Emphasizes the (rather large) amount of something."
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-xrrDQiuK",
"links": [
[
"considerable",
"considerable"
],
[
"sizeable",
"sizeable"
],
[
"hefty",
"hefty"
],
[
"decent",
"decent"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper",
"Emphasizes the (rather large) amount of something."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 4 3 8 4 3 1 4 1 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian sõna-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "big money",
"text": "kõva raha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he has a large income.",
"text": "Tal on kõva sissetulek.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he earned a pretty penny",
"text": "Teenis kõva kopika.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he took a hefty percentage on the loan.",
"text": "Võttis laenu pealt kõva protsendi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The product is good, but the price is steep.",
"text": "Kaup on hea, kuid hind kõva.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper",
"big, large, hefty"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-GE4KCAYw",
"links": [
[
"considerable",
"considerable"
],
[
"sizeable",
"sizeable"
],
[
"hefty",
"hefty"
],
[
"decent",
"decent"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
],
[
"money",
"money"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"large",
"large"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper",
"(of money) big, large, hefty"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of money"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 4 3 8 4 3 1 4 1 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian sõna-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a solid handful",
"text": "kõva peotäis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a heavy dinner",
"text": "kõva õhtusöök",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The food portions were hefty.",
"text": "Toiduportsjonid olid kõvad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It was a decent herring season this year.",
"text": "Tänavu oli kõva räimesaak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he took a considerable swig from the bottle.",
"text": "Rüüpas pudelist kõva sõõmu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Yesterday was a heavy drinking day.",
"text": "Eile oli kõva võtmine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-mZ0KpubJ",
"links": [
[
"considerable",
"considerable"
],
[
"sizeable",
"sizeable"
],
[
"hefty",
"hefty"
],
[
"decent",
"decent"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "great homesickness",
"text": "kõva koduigatsus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he has a lot of support among the people.",
"text": "Tal on rahva hulgas kõva poolehoid.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strong headache, cough, high fever",
"text": "kõva peavalu, köha, palavik",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I strongly doubt that's the case.",
"text": "Mul on kõva kahtlus, kas see ikka nii on.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This will be a big trouble.",
"text": "Sellest tuleb kõva pahandus.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he had a lot of patience, but in the end it ran out.",
"text": "Tal oli küll kõva kannatus, kuid lõpuks sai ka see otsa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a big fight",
"text": "kõva kähmlus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The enemy showed great resistance.",
"text": "Vaenlane avaldas kõva vastupanu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The boat took off quickly right from the start.",
"text": "Paat sai kohe alguses kõva hoo sisse.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he came running fast.",
"text": "Ta tuli kõva jooksuga.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard work",
"text": "kõva töö",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It's an intense quarter of an hour's walk to the bus stop.",
"text": "Bussipeatusse on veerand tundi kõva astumist.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There was a lot of campaigning before the elections.",
"text": "Enne valimisi tehti kõva kampaaniat.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's a vehement nationalist.",
"text": "Ta on kõva isamaalane.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There's incessant rumours going around.",
"text": "Käivad kõvad jutud.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, big, great, fierce, acute, intense, vehement, incessant"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-n5b-4wyx",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"acute",
"acute"
],
[
"intense",
"intense"
],
[
"vehement",
"vehement"
],
[
"incessant",
"incessant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) hard, big, great, fierce, acute, intense, vehement, incessant"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "severe cold",
"text": "kõva pakane",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "strong wind",
"text": "kõva tuul",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It was harsh winter outside.",
"text": "Väljas valitses kõva talv.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Extreme thunderstorms did a lot of damage.",
"text": "Kõva äike tegi palju kahju.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, big, great, fierce, acute, intense, vehement, incessant",
"extreme, severe"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-0TUdNlIV",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"acute",
"acute"
],
[
"intense",
"intense"
],
[
"vehement",
"vehement"
],
[
"incessant",
"incessant"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"extreme",
"extreme"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) hard, big, great, fierce, acute, intense, vehement, incessant",
"(of weather) extreme, severe"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of weather"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "et",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "et:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "strong moonshine",
"text": "kõva puskar",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This booze is really hard.",
"text": "See naps on hirmus kõva.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "That was hard tobacco.",
"text": "See oli kõva tubakas.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I took a strong pill.",
"text": "Võtsin kõva tableti sisse.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strong burning smell",
"text": "kõva kõrbelehk",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, hard"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-sbgiZ~-8",
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"qualifier": "especially alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, especially alcoholic beverages) strong, hard"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The defendant had a strong alibi.",
"text": "Kohtualusel oli kõva alibi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's got a strong hand (of cards).",
"text": "Tal on kõvad kaardid peos.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, powerful"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-32xCh9bM",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) strong, powerful"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hue and cry",
"text": "kõva kisa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A loud bang went off.",
"text": "Käis kõva pauk.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The men were talking loudly.",
"text": "Mehed rääkisid kõva häälega.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loud (voice, noise, sound)"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj--Fm9nEvm",
"links": [
[
"loud",
"loud"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard of hearing",
"text": "kõva kuulmisega",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The boy is a bit dense. (literally, “ […] has a hard head.”)",
"text": "Poisil on kõva pea.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with poor hearing or memory"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-stKxITry",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"hearing",
"hearing"
],
[
"memory",
"memory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes derogatory) with poor hearing or memory"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"hard (high on dissolved calcium and other minerals)"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-OY7pr~kn",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, of water) hard (high on dissolved calcium and other minerals)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "et",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "et:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard p, t, k (as opposed to \"soft\" b, d, g)",
"text": "kõva p, t, k",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, fortis, voiceless (stops)"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-LljIgJHW",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"fortis",
"fortis"
],
[
"voiceless",
"voiceless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, phonetics) hard, fortis, voiceless (stops)"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "et",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "et:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 7 4 2 9 4 3 1 2 1 7 7 7 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 4 3 8 4 3 1 4 1 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian sõna-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 3 2 12 3 2 1 2 1 8 8 8 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 11 0 0 1 3 0 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 2 1 12 2 1 1 1 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 11 0 0 0 2 0 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard currency",
"text": "kõva valuuta",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "unsubsidized financing",
"text": "kõva raha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unregulated, market-rate, unsubsidized, hard"
],
"id": "en-kõva-et-adj-dz2k79XE",
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"unregulated",
"unregulated"
],
[
"market",
"market"
],
[
"rate",
"rate"
],
[
"unsubsidized",
"unsubsidized"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(finance) unregulated, market-rate, unsubsidized, hard"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɤvɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɤvɑ]"
},
{
"audio": "Et-kõva.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Et-k%C3%B5va.ogg/Et-k%C3%B5va.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Et-k%C3%B5va.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɤvɑ"
}
],
"word": "kõva"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kova"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kova",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kova.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kõva",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vro-decl-stems",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvohe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvahn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvohn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvohn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvast",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvost",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvost",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvalõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvolõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvolõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõval",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvol",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvol",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvalt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvolt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvolt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaniq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvoniq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvoniq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaldaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvoldaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvoldaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvagaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvogaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{c}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "kygõ {{{c}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "kõva",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "kõvva",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f3request": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kõva (genitive kõva, partitive kõvva)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kõva",
"2": "kõvva"
},
"expansion": "kõva (genitive kõva, partitive kõvva)",
"name": "vro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "kõva",
"3": "kõva",
"4": "kõvva",
"5": "kõvva",
"6": "kõvvo",
"7": "kõvvo",
"8": "kõvvo",
"9": "kõvo",
"all_pl2": "kõvvo",
"ill_pl2": "kõvvohe"
},
"name": "vro-decl-stems"
}
],
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft)"
],
"id": "en-kõva-vro-adj-toxQ6Sct",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strict"
],
"id": "en-kõva-vro-adj-OjEn9eoC",
"links": [
[
"strict",
"strict"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 23 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Võro entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-kõva-vro-adj-vYePoik9",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kõva"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kova"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kova",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kova.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kõvapi",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõikka kõvapi",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "V/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvijõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvasõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvassõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvalõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvallõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvassi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "kõvapi",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "kõikka kõvapi",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kõva (comparative kõvapi, superlative kõikka kõvapi)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"c": "kõvapi"
},
"expansion": "kõva (comparative kõvapi, superlative kõikka kõvapi)",
"name": "vot-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kõ‧va"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft)"
],
"id": "en-kõva-vot-adj-toxQ6Sct",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stiff"
],
"id": "en-kõva-vot-adj-5~k6Yovu",
"links": [
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong, sturdy"
],
"id": "en-kõva-vot-adj-CwpOeaG-",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 3 7 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 15 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic poikõ-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, strict"
],
"id": "en-kõva-vot-adj-QHtfHq9N",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɤvɑ/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɤvɑ]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɤvɑ"
}
],
"word": "kõva"
}
{
"categories": [
"Estonian adjectives",
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian sõna-type nominals",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Estonian/ɤvɑ",
"Rhymes:Estonian/ɤvɑ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kõvasti"
},
{
"word": "kõvadus"
},
{
"word": "kõvakas"
},
{
"word": "kõvasi"
},
{
"word": "kõvik"
},
{
"word": "kõva käsi olema"
},
{
"word": "kõva pähkel"
},
{
"word": "kõva sõna"
},
{
"word": "kõva süda"
},
{
"word": "kõvaks minema"
},
{
"word": "südant kõvaks tegema"
},
{
"word": "kõvastama"
},
{
"word": "kõvastuma"
},
{
"word": "kõvendama"
},
{
"word": "kõvenema"
},
{
"word": "betoonkõva"
},
{
"word": "kivikõva"
},
{
"word": "kontkõva"
},
{
"word": "laudkõva"
},
{
"word": "luukõva"
},
{
"word": "malmkõva"
},
{
"word": "poolkõva"
},
{
"word": "raudkõva"
},
{
"word": "ränikõva"
},
{
"word": "sarvkõva"
},
{
"word": "teemantkõva"
},
{
"word": "traatkõva"
},
{
"word": "ülikõva"
},
{
"word": "kõvajoodis"
},
{
"word": "kõvakelme"
},
{
"word": "kõvakest"
},
{
"word": "kõvaketas"
},
{
"word": "kõvakummi"
},
{
"word": "kõvakübar"
},
{
"word": "kõvamädanik"
},
{
"word": "kõvanisu"
},
{
"word": "kõvanõgi"
},
{
"word": "kõvasulam"
},
{
"word": "kõvavõitu"
},
{
"word": "kõvahäälne"
},
{
"word": "kõvakestaline"
},
{
"word": "kõvakäeline"
},
{
"word": "kõvasüdameline"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kova"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kova",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi,izh,krl,olo,lud,vep",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian, Livvi, Ludian, and Veps kova",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Votic kõva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kõvā"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kõvā",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kova. Cognates include Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian, Livvi, Ludian, and Veps kova, Votic kõva and Livonian kõvā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kõva",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvem",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõige kõvem",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvim",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-sõna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "17u/sõna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvasid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvasse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvusse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõval",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvult",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvuks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvadega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"11": "comparative",
"12": "kõvem",
"13": "superlative",
"14": "kõige kõvem",
"15": "or",
"16": "kõvim",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "kõva",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "kõva",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"f5accel-form": "comparative",
"f6accel-form": "superlative",
"f6nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kõva (genitive kõva, partitive kõva, comparative kõvem, superlative kõige kõvem or kõvim)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kõva",
"2": "kõva",
"c": "kõvem",
"s": "kõvim"
},
"expansion": "kõva (genitive kõva, partitive kõva, comparative kõvem, superlative kõige kõvem or kõvim)",
"name": "et-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kõ‧va"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kõva"
},
"name": "et-decl-sõna"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with quotations",
"Estonian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for date"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stiff fabric",
"text": "kõva riie",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wet clothes froze solid.",
"text": "Märjad riided külmusid kõvaks.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"stiff, tough, rigid"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"items of clothing",
"items of clothing"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"(of items of clothing) stiff, tough, rigid"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of items of clothing"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with quotations",
"Estonian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for date"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The bed was hard.",
"text": "Voodi oli kõva.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he was sitting on a hard bench in the waiting room.",
"text": "Konutas ooteruumi kõval pingil.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard furniture (= without padding or covering)",
"text": "kõva mööbel",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"hard, stiff and uncomfortable (to sit or lie down in)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"uncomfortable",
"uncomfortable"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with quotations",
"Estonian vulgarities",
"Requests for date"
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"erect (penis)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"erect",
"erect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"(vulgar) erect (penis)"
],
"tags": [
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with quotations",
"Estonian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for date",
"et:Pornography"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hardcore pornography",
"text": "kõva porno",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"hard, hardcore"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"pornography",
"pornography"
],
[
"hardcore",
"hardcore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)",
"(pornography) hard, hardcore"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"media",
"pornography",
"sexuality"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pehme"
}
],
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with quotations",
"Estonian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for date"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard metal",
"text": "kõva metall",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard as a rock",
"text": "kõva kui kivi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The magma was covered with a hard crust.",
"text": "Magma kattus kõva koorikuga.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Cast iron is hard and brittle.",
"text": "Malm on kõva ja rabe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "paved road (literally, “with a hard cover […] ”)",
"text": "kõva kattega maantee",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Steel is harder than iron.",
"text": "Teras on kõvem kui raud.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "An oak is a harder tree than a birch.",
"text": "Tamm on kõvem puu kui kask.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a hardcover book",
"text": "kõvade kaantega raamat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The potatoes are hard, they still need to be boiled.",
"text": "Kartulid on kõvad, tuleb veel keeta.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a hard-boiled egg",
"text": "kõvaks keedetud muna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard palate",
"text": "kõva suulagi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "coarse beard (= with stiff hairs, difficult to trim)",
"text": "kõva habe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The path became more and more sandy and soft and eventually the hard ground disappeared completely. The feet sank deep into the sand.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Paul Kuusberg, (Please provide the book title or journal name):",
"text": "Tee muutus ikka liivasemaks ja pehmemaks ning lõpuks kadus kõva põhi täiesti. Jalad vajusid sügavale liiva.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (dense in composition, resistant to pressure; in a non-liquid, non-gaseous state)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nõrk"
}
],
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with quotations",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The pasture has a firm fence around it.",
"text": "Karjamaal on kõva aed ümber.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The roof is still durable and does not let the rain through.",
"text": "Katus on veel kõva ega lase vihma läbi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The cupboard had a firm lock, it could not be broken.",
"text": "Kapil oli kõva lukk, seda ei suudetud lahti murda.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strong stomach (literally, “strong nerves”)",
"text": "kõvad närvid",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A glassblower must have strong lungs.",
"text": "Klaasipuhujal peavad olema kõvad kopsud.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "\"Are you going to put on your own long boots?\" his father asked. \"At first I was, but now I've changed my mind. Mine hold water well, but they're not very strong against twigs and thistles,\" Indrek replied.",
"ref": "1933, A. H. Tammsaare, chapter II, in Tõde ja õigus V [Truth and Justice] (Tõde ja õigus; V), 2nd edition, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, published 1936, →ISBN, pages 21–22:",
"text": "„Kas tõmbad iseoma pikad säärikud jalga?“ küsis isa. „Esiteks pidin küll, aga nüüd mõtlesin ümber. Minu omad peavad küll hästi vett, aga risu ja orkide vastu pole nad kuigi kõvad,“ vastas Indrek.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "\"I'm going to go get some more firewood,\" said the former young boy, in order to get permission to listen in for this service, because the old men were forcing the minors to sleep to make them tougher for the hard work.",
"ref": "1894, Juhan Liiv, chapter 8, in Friedebert Tuglas, editor, Vari [Shadow] (Kogutud teoksed; 2), 3rd edition, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, published 1923, →ISBN, page 81:",
"text": "„Ma lähen, toon veel puid tulle,“ ütles endine noor poiss, et selle teenistuse eest kuulamise luba saada, sest vanad mehed sundisid alaealisi magama, et nad raskele tööle kõvemad oleksid.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm, durable, strong, tough"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"durable",
"durable"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a tough guy",
"text": "kõva mees",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strong forestry worker (literally, “ […] with a tough bone”)",
"text": "kõva kondiga metsatööline",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tough, strong, powerful"
],
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a powerful hit against the door",
"text": "kõva hoop vastu ust",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he took a hard swing at the back of the boy's head.",
"text": "Äigas poisile kõva võmmu kuklasse.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tough, strong, powerful",
"forceful, done with force"
],
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a firm economic base",
"text": "kõva majanduslik põhi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he has his/her back steadily covered with the higher-ups.",
"text": "Tal on kõrgemal pool kõva seljatagune.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he has a firm belief that things will soon change.",
"text": "Tal on kõva usk, et olukord peagi muutub.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The institution runs a tight ship.",
"text": "Asutuses valitseb kõva kord.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You need somebody stronger to manage the holding. (literally, “ […] a stronger hand […] ”)",
"text": "Majandi juhtimisel oleks vaja kõvemat kätt.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It was a scuffle between two tough opponents.",
"text": "See oli kemplemine kahe kõva vastase vahel.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm, tough, strong, steadfast, steady"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
],
[
"steady",
"steady"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There is a severe punishment for this.",
"text": "Selle eest on kõva karistus.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he got a stern talking-to.",
"text": "Ta sai kõva peapesu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I said a few strong words (= swear words).",
"text": "Ütlesin paar kõva sõna.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "harsh criticism",
"text": "kõva kriitika",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strict ban",
"text": "kõva keeld",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "All roads were under heavy surveillance.",
"text": "Kõik teed olid kõva valve all.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"severe, strict, harsh, stern, austere, heavy"
],
"links": [
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"austere",
"austere"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Saima is a hard worker.",
"text": "Saima on kõva tööinimene.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's a good swimmer.",
"text": "Ta on kõva ujuja.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's a biology whiz.",
"text": "Ta on bioloogias kõva.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I was already a good mathematician at school.",
"text": "Juba koolis olin kõva matemaatik.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He is a masterful craftsman.",
"text": "Ta on kõva meistrimees.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's a tough guy in his field.",
"text": "Ta on igati kõva mees omal alal.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"good, high-quality, remarkable",
"avid, outstanding, good at a specific field"
],
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"high-quality",
"high-quality"
],
[
"remarkable",
"remarkable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"avid",
"avid"
],
[
"outstanding",
"outstanding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly informal) good, high-quality, remarkable",
"(of a person, positive) avid, outstanding, good at a specific field"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"positive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The boy is a tough fighter.",
"text": "Poiss on kõva kakleja.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The girl is very loose (= a prostitute).",
"text": "Tüdruk on kõva kurameerija.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The man is a heavy drinker.",
"text": "Mees on kõva joodik.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The old man is a tough businessman and a wheeler-dealer.",
"text": "Vanamees on kõva ärimees ja hangeldaja.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Who's that snoring so loud? (literally, “Who is such a heavy snorer?”)",
"text": "Kes see nii kõva norskaja on?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"good, high-quality, remarkable",
"inveterate, heavy, tough"
],
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"high-quality",
"high-quality"
],
[
"remarkable",
"remarkable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"inveterate",
"inveterate"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly informal) good, high-quality, remarkable",
"(of a person, negative) inveterate, heavy, tough"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(S)he got a good education.",
"text": "Ta sai kõva koolihariduse.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Our school is one of the best high schools.",
"text": "Meie kool kuulub kõvemate keskkoolide hulka.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "That was a hell of a party.",
"text": "See oli kõva pidu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he had a successful career.",
"text": "Ta tegi kõva karjääri.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A worker needs something heavier to eat.",
"text": "Töömees vajab kõvemat toitu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "heavy sleep",
"text": "kõva uni",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"good, high-quality, remarkable"
],
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"high-quality",
"high-quality"
],
[
"remarkable",
"remarkable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly informal) good, high-quality, remarkable"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's a good kilometre to get there.",
"text": "Sinna on kõva kilomeeter maad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There are about a dozen bottles.",
"text": "Pudeleid on oma kõva tosin.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The presentation lasted a solid half hour.",
"text": "Ettekanne kestis kõva pool tundi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A good third of the way is still to go.",
"text": "Kõva kolmandik teed on veel käimata.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's a good ten years younger than me.",
"text": "Ta on minust kõva kümme aastat noorem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper",
"Emphasizes the (rather large) amount of something."
],
"links": [
[
"considerable",
"considerable"
],
[
"sizeable",
"sizeable"
],
[
"hefty",
"hefty"
],
[
"decent",
"decent"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper",
"Emphasizes the (rather large) amount of something."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "big money",
"text": "kõva raha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he has a large income.",
"text": "Tal on kõva sissetulek.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he earned a pretty penny",
"text": "Teenis kõva kopika.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he took a hefty percentage on the loan.",
"text": "Võttis laenu pealt kõva protsendi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The product is good, but the price is steep.",
"text": "Kaup on hea, kuid hind kõva.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper",
"big, large, hefty"
],
"links": [
[
"considerable",
"considerable"
],
[
"sizeable",
"sizeable"
],
[
"hefty",
"hefty"
],
[
"decent",
"decent"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
],
[
"money",
"money"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"large",
"large"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper",
"(of money) big, large, hefty"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of money"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a solid handful",
"text": "kõva peotäis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a heavy dinner",
"text": "kõva õhtusöök",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The food portions were hefty.",
"text": "Toiduportsjonid olid kõvad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It was a decent herring season this year.",
"text": "Tänavu oli kõva räimesaak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he took a considerable swig from the bottle.",
"text": "Rüüpas pudelist kõva sõõmu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Yesterday was a heavy drinking day.",
"text": "Eile oli kõva võtmine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper"
],
"links": [
[
"considerable",
"considerable"
],
[
"sizeable",
"sizeable"
],
[
"hefty",
"hefty"
],
[
"decent",
"decent"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) considerable, sizeable, hefty, decent, proper"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "great homesickness",
"text": "kõva koduigatsus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he has a lot of support among the people.",
"text": "Tal on rahva hulgas kõva poolehoid.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strong headache, cough, high fever",
"text": "kõva peavalu, köha, palavik",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I strongly doubt that's the case.",
"text": "Mul on kõva kahtlus, kas see ikka nii on.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This will be a big trouble.",
"text": "Sellest tuleb kõva pahandus.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he had a lot of patience, but in the end it ran out.",
"text": "Tal oli küll kõva kannatus, kuid lõpuks sai ka see otsa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a big fight",
"text": "kõva kähmlus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The enemy showed great resistance.",
"text": "Vaenlane avaldas kõva vastupanu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The boat took off quickly right from the start.",
"text": "Paat sai kohe alguses kõva hoo sisse.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he came running fast.",
"text": "Ta tuli kõva jooksuga.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard work",
"text": "kõva töö",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It's an intense quarter of an hour's walk to the bus stop.",
"text": "Bussipeatusse on veerand tundi kõva astumist.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There was a lot of campaigning before the elections.",
"text": "Enne valimisi tehti kõva kampaaniat.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's a vehement nationalist.",
"text": "Ta on kõva isamaalane.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There's incessant rumours going around.",
"text": "Käivad kõvad jutud.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, big, great, fierce, acute, intense, vehement, incessant"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"acute",
"acute"
],
[
"intense",
"intense"
],
[
"vehement",
"vehement"
],
[
"incessant",
"incessant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) hard, big, great, fierce, acute, intense, vehement, incessant"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "severe cold",
"text": "kõva pakane",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "strong wind",
"text": "kõva tuul",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It was harsh winter outside.",
"text": "Väljas valitses kõva talv.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Extreme thunderstorms did a lot of damage.",
"text": "Kõva äike tegi palju kahju.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, big, great, fierce, acute, intense, vehement, incessant",
"extreme, severe"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"acute",
"acute"
],
[
"intense",
"intense"
],
[
"vehement",
"vehement"
],
[
"incessant",
"incessant"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"extreme",
"extreme"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) hard, big, great, fierce, acute, intense, vehement, incessant",
"(of weather) extreme, severe"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of weather"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples",
"et:Alcoholic beverages"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "strong moonshine",
"text": "kõva puskar",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This booze is really hard.",
"text": "See naps on hirmus kõva.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "That was hard tobacco.",
"text": "See oli kõva tubakas.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I took a strong pill.",
"text": "Võtsin kõva tableti sisse.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a strong burning smell",
"text": "kõva kõrbelehk",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, hard"
],
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"qualifier": "especially alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, especially alcoholic beverages) strong, hard"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The defendant had a strong alibi.",
"text": "Kohtualusel oli kõva alibi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(S)he's got a strong hand (of cards).",
"text": "Tal on kõvad kaardid peos.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, powerful"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) strong, powerful"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hue and cry",
"text": "kõva kisa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A loud bang went off.",
"text": "Käis kõva pauk.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The men were talking loudly.",
"text": "Mehed rääkisid kõva häälega.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loud (voice, noise, sound)"
],
"links": [
[
"loud",
"loud"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian derogatory terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard of hearing",
"text": "kõva kuulmisega",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The boy is a bit dense. (literally, “ […] has a hard head.”)",
"text": "Poisil on kõva pea.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with poor hearing or memory"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"hearing",
"hearing"
],
[
"memory",
"memory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes derogatory) with poor hearing or memory"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"hard (high on dissolved calcium and other minerals)"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, of water) hard (high on dissolved calcium and other minerals)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian informal terms",
"Estonian terms with usage examples",
"et:Phonetics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard p, t, k (as opposed to \"soft\" b, d, g)",
"text": "kõva p, t, k",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, fortis, voiceless (stops)"
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"fortis",
"fortis"
],
[
"voiceless",
"voiceless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, phonetics) hard, fortis, voiceless (stops)"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples",
"et:Finance"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard currency",
"text": "kõva valuuta",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "unsubsidized financing",
"text": "kõva raha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unregulated, market-rate, unsubsidized, hard"
],
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"unregulated",
"unregulated"
],
[
"market",
"market"
],
[
"rate",
"rate"
],
[
"unsubsidized",
"unsubsidized"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(finance) unregulated, market-rate, unsubsidized, hard"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɤvɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɤvɑ]"
},
{
"audio": "Et-kõva.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Et-k%C3%B5va.ogg/Et-k%C3%B5va.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Et-k%C3%B5va.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɤvɑ"
}
],
"word": "kõva"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Votic/ɤvɑ",
"Rhymes:Votic/ɤvɑ/2 syllables",
"Votic adjectives",
"Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"Votic lemmas",
"Votic poikõ-type nominals",
"Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Votic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kova"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kova",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kova.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kõvapi",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõikka kõvapi",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "V/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvijõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvasõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvassõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvalõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvallõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvassi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõviissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "kõvapi",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "kõikka kõvapi",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kõva (comparative kõvapi, superlative kõikka kõvapi)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"c": "kõvapi"
},
"expansion": "kõva (comparative kõvapi, superlative kõikka kõvapi)",
"name": "vot-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kõ‧va"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stiff"
],
"links": [
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong, sturdy"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh, strict"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɤvɑ/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɤvɑ]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɤvɑ"
}
],
"word": "kõva"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Võro adjectives",
"Võro entries with incorrect language header",
"Võro lemmas",
"Võro terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Võro terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kova"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kova",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kova.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kõva",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vro-decl-stems",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvohe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvahn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvohn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvohn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvast",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvost",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvost",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvalõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvolõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvolõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõval",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvol",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvol",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvalt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvolt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvolt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaniq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvoniq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvoniq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvaldaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvoldaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvoldaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvagaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kõvvogaq",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{c}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "kygõ {{{c}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "kõva",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "kõvva",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f3request": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kõva (genitive kõva, partitive kõvva)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kõva",
"2": "kõvva"
},
"expansion": "kõva (genitive kõva, partitive kõvva)",
"name": "vro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"2": "kõva",
"3": "kõva",
"4": "kõvva",
"5": "kõvva",
"6": "kõvvo",
"7": "kõvvo",
"8": "kõvvo",
"9": "kõvo",
"all_pl2": "kõvvo",
"ill_pl2": "kõvvohe"
},
"name": "vro-decl-stems"
}
],
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strict"
],
"links": [
[
"strict",
"strict"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kõva"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kõva meaning in All languages combined (38.0kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''hard, solid, rigid (dense in c'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"kõva"
],
"section": "Estonian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "kõva",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''good, high-quality, remarkable'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"kõva"
],
"section": "Estonian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "kõva",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''considerable, sizeable, hefty,'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"kõva"
],
"section": "Estonian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "kõva",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Votic]; cleaned text: ^(*)) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^(**)) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ^(***)) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive., style: //vot-decl-notes//NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"kõva"
],
"section": "Votic",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "kõva",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.