See indurate on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "induration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "indurative"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "indurates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "indurating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "indurated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "indurated",
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}
],
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"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1924, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Billy Budd, London: Constable & Co.:",
"text": "The ear, small and shapely, the arch of the foot, the curve in mouth and nostril, even the indurated hand dyed to the orange-tawny of the toucan's bill, a hand telling alike of the halyards and tar-bucket […] all this strangely indicated a lineage in direct contradiction to his lot.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Oliver Sacks, chapter 1, in Migraine, London: Picador, published 1995, page 15:",
"text": "The superficial temporal artery (or arteries) may become exquisitely tender to the touch and visibly indurated.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harden or to grow hard."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-verb-H5K66fLo",
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vtvǎrdjavam se",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "втвърдявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "indurer"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "härten"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "verhärten"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "festigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "verfestigen"
}
]
},
{
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{
"_dis": "28 31 5 26 10",
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},
{
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}
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1801, Helen Maria Williams, Sketches of the State of Manners and Opinions in the French ..., Volume 1:",
"text": "Oh, no ! it is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart — the revolutionary impulse is too swift to admit of a pause at the sight of individual misery — the tempest is too loud to hear the wailings of the wretch that perishes beneath its billows […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make callous or unfeeling."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-verb-cf8N4XPA",
"links": [
[
"callous",
"callous"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakoravjavam",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "закоравявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "abhärten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "unempfindlich machen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Saul Bellow, “Winter in Tuscany”, in It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future, New York: Viking, published 1994, page 257:",
"text": "The afternoon was not particularly warm: our noses and eyes were running; his were dry. He was evidently indurated against natural hardships.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To inure; to strengthen; to make hardy or robust."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-verb-bA~fzXwO",
"links": [
[
"inure",
"inure"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹeɪt/"
},
{
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},
{
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "inure"
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "more indurate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most indurate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 5 26 10",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "30 35 4 25 5",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The doctor removed a lot of indurate skin from his wound.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardened."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-adj-lGsH8Osf",
"links": [
[
"Hardened",
"hardened"
]
]
},
{
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}
],
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{
"ref": "1528 October 12 (Gregorian calendar), William Tyndale, “A Compendious Rehersall of That Which Goeth Before”, in The Obediẽce of a Christen Man […], [Antwerp]: [Johannes Hoochstraten], →OCLC, folio clvj, recto:",
"text": "Now are they indurate ⁊ tough as Pharao ⁊ will not bow vnto any ryghte waie oꝛ oꝛdꝛe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate, unfeeling, callous."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-adj-P2p4VgtD",
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate#English"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
],
[
"callous",
"callous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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},
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}
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"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"word": "indurare"
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"inflection of indurare:",
"second-person plural present indicative"
],
"id": "en-indurate-it-verb-7QrhR6dS",
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[
"indurare",
"indurare#Italian"
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[
"indurare",
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],
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"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
"word": "indurato"
}
],
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"feminine plural of indurato"
],
"id": "en-indurate-it-verb-9zxxfn9Y",
"links": [
[
"indurato",
"indurato#Italian"
]
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"form-of",
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"plural"
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}
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"lang": "Latin",
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"vocative masculine singular of indūrātus"
],
"id": "en-indurate-la-verb-1BbXjcAi",
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"indūrātus",
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"derived": [
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"word": "induration"
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"pos": "verb",
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
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{
"ref": "1924, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Billy Budd, London: Constable & Co.:",
"text": "The ear, small and shapely, the arch of the foot, the curve in mouth and nostril, even the indurated hand dyed to the orange-tawny of the toucan's bill, a hand telling alike of the halyards and tar-bucket […] all this strangely indicated a lineage in direct contradiction to his lot.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Oliver Sacks, chapter 1, in Migraine, London: Picador, published 1995, page 15:",
"text": "The superficial temporal artery (or arteries) may become exquisitely tender to the touch and visibly indurated.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harden or to grow hard."
],
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[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
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"categories": [
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1801, Helen Maria Williams, Sketches of the State of Manners and Opinions in the French ..., Volume 1:",
"text": "Oh, no ! it is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart — the revolutionary impulse is too swift to admit of a pause at the sight of individual misery — the tempest is too loud to hear the wailings of the wretch that perishes beneath its billows […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make callous or unfeeling."
],
"links": [
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"callous",
"callous"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
]
]
},
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],
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{
"ref": "1992, Saul Bellow, “Winter in Tuscany”, in It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future, New York: Viking, published 1994, page 257:",
"text": "The afternoon was not particularly warm: our noses and eyes were running; his were dry. He was evidently indurated against natural hardships.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To inure; to strengthen; to make hardy or robust."
],
"links": [
[
"inure",
"inure"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
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"robust",
"robust"
]
]
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"synonyms": [
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"word": "inure"
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vtvǎrdjavam se",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "втвърдявам се"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "indurer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "härten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "verhärten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "festigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "verfestigen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakoravjavam",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "закоравявам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "abhärten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "unempfindlich machen"
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
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"Terms with French translations",
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"forms": [
{
"form": "more indurate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most indurate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
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"pos": "adj",
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{
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{
"text": "The doctor removed a lot of indurate skin from his wound.",
"type": "example"
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"glosses": [
"Hardened."
],
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"ref": "1528 October 12 (Gregorian calendar), William Tyndale, “A Compendious Rehersall of That Which Goeth Before”, in The Obediẽce of a Christen Man […], [Antwerp]: [Johannes Hoochstraten], →OCLC, folio clvj, recto:",
"text": "Now are they indurate ⁊ tough as Pharao ⁊ will not bow vnto any ryghte waie oꝛ oꝛdꝛe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate, unfeeling, callous."
],
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate#English"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
],
[
"callous",
"callous"
]
]
}
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},
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹət/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian past participle forms",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "indurate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "indurare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of indurare:",
"second-person plural present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"indurare",
"indurare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "indurare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of indurare:",
"second-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"indurare",
"indurare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian past participle forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "past participle form",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "indurate f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "indurato"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine plural of indurato"
],
"links": [
[
"indurato",
"indurato#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "indūrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "indūrāte"
},
"expansion": "indūrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "indūrātus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of indūrātus"
],
"links": [
[
"indūrātus",
"induratus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for indurate meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.