See indurate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for indurate meaning in English (7.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "induration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "indurative"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "indurates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "indurating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "indurated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "indurated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "indurate (third-person singular simple present indurates, present participle indurating, simple past and past participle indurated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1924, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Billy Budd, London: Constable & Co.",
"text": "The ear, small and shapely, the arch of the foot, the curve in mouth and nostril, even the indurated hand dyed to the orange-tawny of the toucan's bill, a hand telling alike of the halyards and tar-bucket […] all this strangely indicated a lineage in direct contradiction to his lot.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Oliver Sacks, chapter 1, in Migraine, London: Picador, published 1995, page 15",
"text": "The superficial temporal artery (or arteries) may become exquisitely tender to the touch and visibly indurated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harden or to grow hard."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-verb-H5K66fLo",
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vtvǎrdjavam se",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "втвърдявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "indurer"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "härten"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "verhärten"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "festigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 2 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "verfestigen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 30 6 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1801, Helen Maria Williams, Sketches of the State of Manners and Opinions in the French ..., Volume 1",
"text": "Oh, no ! it is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart — the revolutionary impulse is too swift to admit of a pause at the sight of individual misery — the tempest is too loud to hear the wailings of the wretch that perishes beneath its billows […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make callous or unfeeling."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-verb-cf8N4XPA",
"links": [
[
"callous",
"callous"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 95 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakoravjavam",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "закоравявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "abhärten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "unempfindlich machen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 30 6 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Saul Bellow, “Winter in Tuscany”, in It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future, New York: Viking, published 1994, page 257",
"text": "The afternoon was not particularly warm: our noses and eyes were running; his were dry. He was evidently indurated against natural hardships.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To inure; to strengthen; to make hardy or robust."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-verb-bA~fzXwO",
"links": [
[
"inure",
"inure"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹeɪt/",
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹət/",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "inure"
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "more indurate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most indurate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "indurate (comparative more indurate, superlative most indurate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 30 6 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The doctor removed a lot of indurate skin from his wound."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardened."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-adj-lGsH8Osf",
"links": [
[
"Hardened",
"hardened"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 30 6 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1528 (originally published, the wording in the quotation is from a later version), William Tyndale, The Obedience of a Christian Man\nNow are they indurate and tough as Pharaoh, and will not bow unto any right way or order."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate, unfeeling, callous."
],
"id": "en-indurate-en-adj-P2p4VgtD",
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
],
[
"callous",
"callous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹeɪt/",
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹət/",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "induration"
},
{
"word": "indurative"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "indurates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "indurating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "indurated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "indurated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "indurate (third-person singular simple present indurates, present participle indurating, simple past and past participle indurated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1924, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Billy Budd, London: Constable & Co.",
"text": "The ear, small and shapely, the arch of the foot, the curve in mouth and nostril, even the indurated hand dyed to the orange-tawny of the toucan's bill, a hand telling alike of the halyards and tar-bucket […] all this strangely indicated a lineage in direct contradiction to his lot.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Oliver Sacks, chapter 1, in Migraine, London: Picador, published 1995, page 15",
"text": "The superficial temporal artery (or arteries) may become exquisitely tender to the touch and visibly indurated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harden or to grow hard."
],
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1801, Helen Maria Williams, Sketches of the State of Manners and Opinions in the French ..., Volume 1",
"text": "Oh, no ! it is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart — the revolutionary impulse is too swift to admit of a pause at the sight of individual misery — the tempest is too loud to hear the wailings of the wretch that perishes beneath its billows […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make callous or unfeeling."
],
"links": [
[
"callous",
"callous"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Saul Bellow, “Winter in Tuscany”, in It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future, New York: Viking, published 1994, page 257",
"text": "The afternoon was not particularly warm: our noses and eyes were running; his were dry. He was evidently indurated against natural hardships.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To inure; to strengthen; to make hardy or robust."
],
"links": [
[
"inure",
"inure"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹeɪt/",
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹət/",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inure"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vtvǎrdjavam se",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "втвърдявам се"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "indurer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "härten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "verhärten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "festigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To harden",
"word": "verfestigen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakoravjavam",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "закоравявам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "abhärten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To make callous or unfeeling",
"word": "unempfindlich machen"
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "more indurate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most indurate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "indurate (comparative more indurate, superlative most indurate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The doctor removed a lot of indurate skin from his wound."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardened."
],
"links": [
[
"Hardened",
"hardened"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1528 (originally published, the wording in the quotation is from a later version), William Tyndale, The Obedience of a Christian Man\nNow are they indurate and tough as Pharaoh, and will not bow unto any right way or order."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate, unfeeling, callous."
],
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
],
[
"callous",
"callous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹeɪt/",
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈdjʊɹət/",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-verb.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-indurate-adj.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "indurate"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.