"happer" meaning in All languages combined

See happer on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /a.pe/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-happer.wav
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French happer, haper, from Old French happer, haper (“to seize, snap up”), of obscure origin. Possibly onomatopoeic. Alternatively, of Germanic origin, either from Proto-West Germanic *happā (“hook, clasp”), or related to Middle Dutch happen (“to snap, bite”) (whence modern Dutch happen), Middle Dutch haperen (“to stammer, quarrel”) (whence modern Dutch haperen), German Low German happen (“to snatch something up, grab”), German Happen (“morsel, snack”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|happer|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French happer, {{inh+|fr|frm|happer}} Inherited from Middle French happer, {{inh|fr|fro|happer}} Old French happer, {{unc|fr|title=obscure}} obscure, {{onomatopoeic|fr|nocap=y}} onomatopoeic, {{der|fr|gem|-}} Germanic, {{der|fr|gmw-pro|*happjā|*happā|t=hook, clasp}} Proto-West Germanic *happā (“hook, clasp”), {{cog|dum|happen|t=to snap, bite}} Middle Dutch happen (“to snap, bite”), {{cog|nl|happen}} Dutch happen, {{cog|dum|haperen|t=to stammer, quarrel}} Middle Dutch haperen (“to stammer, quarrel”), {{cog|nl|haperen}} Dutch haperen, {{cog|nds-de|happen|t=to snatch something up, grab}} German Low German happen (“to snatch something up, grab”), {{cog|de|Happen|t=morsel, snack}} German Happen (“morsel, snack”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} happer, {{tlb|fr|transitive}} (transitive) Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], happer [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], happant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], happé [participle, past], happe [first-person, indicative, present, singular], happes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], happe [indicative, present, singular, third-person], happons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], happez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], happent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], happais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], happais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], happait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], happions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], happiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], happaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], happai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], happas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], happa [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], happâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], happâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], happèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], happerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], happeras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], happera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], happerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], happerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], happeront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], happerais [conditional, first-person, singular], happerais [conditional, second-person, singular], happerait [conditional, singular, third-person], happerions [conditional, first-person, plural], happeriez [conditional, plural, second-person], happeraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], happe [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], happes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], happe [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], happions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], happiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], happent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], happasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], happasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], happât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], happassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], happassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], happassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], happe [imperative, second-person, singular], happons [first-person, imperative, plural], happez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to snatch by the mouth, to snap up (typically of animals) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-happer-fr-verb-cDDYknPM Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 31 22 22 24
  2. (figurative) to grab, to seize Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-happer-fr-verb-0RNjAQup
  3. (colloquial) to strike forcefully Tags: colloquial, transitive
    Sense id: en-happer-fr-verb-UgSe2Ve5
  4. (colloquial) to catch off guard; take by surprise Tags: colloquial, transitive Categories (topical): Violence
    Sense id: en-happer-fr-verb-of-QHadS Disambiguation of Violence: 16 10 23 51 Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French onomatopoeias, French terms with aspirated h, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 15 5 30 50 Disambiguation of French onomatopoeias: 16 10 29 44 Disambiguation of French terms with aspirated h: 21 18 26 35 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 19 6 27 48 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 4 30 54
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: happe

Verb [Norman]

Audio: Jer-happer.ogg Forms: happ'thie [gerund]
Etymology: Borrowed from Old Norse harpa (“to grip, pinch”). Etymology templates: {{bor|nrf|non|harpa||to grip, pinch}} Old Norse harpa (“to grip, pinch”) Head templates: {{head|nrf|verb|gerund|happ'thie||||head=}} happer (gerund happ'thie), {{nrf-verb|ger=happ'thie}} happer (gerund happ'thie)
  1. (Jersey) to catch Tags: Jersey
    Sense id: en-happer-nrm-verb-~neHFCn2 Categories (other): Jersey Norman, Norman entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "happer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French happer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "happer"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French happer",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "happer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French happer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "title": "obscure"
      },
      "expansion": "obscure",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "nocap": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*happjā",
        "4": "*happā",
        "t": "hook, clasp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *happā (“hook, clasp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "happen",
        "t": "to snap, bite"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch happen (“to snap, bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "happen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch happen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "haperen",
        "t": "to stammer, quarrel"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch haperen (“to stammer, quarrel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "haperen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch haperen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "happen",
        "t": "to snatch something up, grab"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German happen (“to snatch something up, grab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Happen",
        "t": "morsel, snack"
      },
      "expansion": "German Happen (“morsel, snack”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French happer, haper, from Old French happer, haper (“to seize, snap up”), of obscure origin. Possibly onomatopoeic. Alternatively, of Germanic origin, either from Proto-West Germanic *happā (“hook, clasp”), or related to Middle Dutch happen (“to snap, bite”) (whence modern Dutch happen), Middle Dutch haperen (“to stammer, quarrel”) (whence modern Dutch haperen), German Low German happen (“to snatch something up, grab”), German Happen (“morsel, snack”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happant",
      "ipa": "/a.pɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happé",
      "ipa": "/a.pe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happes",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happons",
      "ipa": "/a.pɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happez",
      "ipa": "/a.pe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happent",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happais",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happais",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happait",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happions",
      "ipa": "/a.pjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happiez",
      "ipa": "/a.pje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happaient",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happai",
      "ipa": "/a.pe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happas",
      "ipa": "/a.pa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happa",
      "ipa": "/a.pa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happâmes",
      "ipa": "/a.pam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happâtes",
      "ipa": "/a.pat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happèrent",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerai",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happeras",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happera",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerons",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerez",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happeront",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerais",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerais",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerait",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerions",
      "ipa": "/a.pə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happeriez",
      "ipa": "/a.pə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happeraient",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happes",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happions",
      "ipa": "/a.pjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happiez",
      "ipa": "/a.pje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happent",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happasse",
      "ipa": "/a.pas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happasses",
      "ipa": "/a.pas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happât",
      "ipa": "/a.pa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happassions",
      "ipa": "/a.pa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happassiez",
      "ipa": "/a.pa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happassent",
      "ipa": "/a.pas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happons",
      "ipa": "/a.pɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happez",
      "ipa": "/a.pe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "happer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "transitive"
      },
      "expansion": "(transitive)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "happe"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 22 22 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "They threw it a bone, and it snapped it up.",
          "text": "On lui jeta un os, et il le happa.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to snatch by the mouth, to snap up (typically of animals)"
      ],
      "id": "en-happer-fr-verb-cDDYknPM",
      "links": [
        [
          "snatch",
          "snatch"
        ],
        [
          "snap up",
          "snap up"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grab, to seize"
      ],
      "id": "en-happer-fr-verb-0RNjAQup",
      "links": [
        [
          "grab",
          "grab"
        ],
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) to grab, to seize"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He was hit by a car and killed on the spot.",
          "text": "Il a été happé par une automobile et tué sur le coup.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to strike forcefully"
      ],
      "id": "en-happer-fr-verb-UgSe2Ve5",
      "links": [
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to strike forcefully"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 5 30 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 10 29 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 18 26 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms with aspirated h",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 6 27 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 4 30 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 10 23 51",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "fr:Violence",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to catch off guard; take by surprise"
      ],
      "id": "en-happer-fr-verb-of-QHadS",
      "links": [
        [
          "catch",
          "catch"
        ],
        [
          "off guard",
          "off guard"
        ],
        [
          "take by surprise",
          "take by surprise"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to catch off guard; take by surprise"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/a.pe/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-happer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-happer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-happer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-happer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-happer.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "happer"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "to release",
      "word": "r'lâchi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "harpa",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to grip, pinch"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse harpa (“to grip, pinch”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse harpa (“to grip, pinch”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "happ'thie",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "gerund",
        "4": "happ'thie",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "happer (gerund happ'thie)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "ger": "happ'thie"
      },
      "expansion": "happer (gerund happ'thie)",
      "name": "nrf-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norman",
  "lang_code": "nrm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Jersey Norman",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to catch"
      ],
      "id": "en-happer-nrm-verb-~neHFCn2",
      "links": [
        [
          "catch",
          "catch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Jersey) to catch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jersey"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Jer-happer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Jer-happer.ogg/Jer-happer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Jer-happer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "happer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French onomatopoeias",
    "French terms derived from Germanic languages",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with aspirated h",
    "French terms with unknown etymologies",
    "French transitive verbs",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "fr:Violence"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "happer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French happer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "happer"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French happer",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "happer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French happer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "title": "obscure"
      },
      "expansion": "obscure",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "nocap": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*happjā",
        "4": "*happā",
        "t": "hook, clasp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *happā (“hook, clasp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "happen",
        "t": "to snap, bite"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch happen (“to snap, bite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "happen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch happen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "haperen",
        "t": "to stammer, quarrel"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch haperen (“to stammer, quarrel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "haperen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch haperen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "happen",
        "t": "to snatch something up, grab"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German happen (“to snatch something up, grab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Happen",
        "t": "morsel, snack"
      },
      "expansion": "German Happen (“morsel, snack”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French happer, haper, from Old French happer, haper (“to seize, snap up”), of obscure origin. Possibly onomatopoeic. Alternatively, of Germanic origin, either from Proto-West Germanic *happā (“hook, clasp”), or related to Middle Dutch happen (“to snap, bite”) (whence modern Dutch happen), Middle Dutch haperen (“to stammer, quarrel”) (whence modern Dutch haperen), German Low German happen (“to snatch something up, grab”), German Happen (“morsel, snack”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happant",
      "ipa": "/a.pɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happé",
      "ipa": "/a.pe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happes",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happons",
      "ipa": "/a.pɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happez",
      "ipa": "/a.pe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happent",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happais",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happais",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happait",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happions",
      "ipa": "/a.pjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happiez",
      "ipa": "/a.pje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happaient",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happai",
      "ipa": "/a.pe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happas",
      "ipa": "/a.pa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happa",
      "ipa": "/a.pa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happâmes",
      "ipa": "/a.pam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happâtes",
      "ipa": "/a.pat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happèrent",
      "ipa": "/a.pɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerai",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happeras",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happera",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerons",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerez",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happeront",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerais",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerais",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerait",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happerions",
      "ipa": "/a.pə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happeriez",
      "ipa": "/a.pə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happeraient",
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happes",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happions",
      "ipa": "/a.pjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happiez",
      "ipa": "/a.pje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happent",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happasse",
      "ipa": "/a.pas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happasses",
      "ipa": "/a.pas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happât",
      "ipa": "/a.pa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happassions",
      "ipa": "/a.pa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happassiez",
      "ipa": "/a.pa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happassent",
      "ipa": "/a.pas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happe",
      "ipa": "/ap/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happons",
      "ipa": "/a.pɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "happez",
      "ipa": "/a.pe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "happer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "transitive"
      },
      "expansion": "(transitive)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "happe"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "They threw it a bone, and it snapped it up.",
          "text": "On lui jeta un os, et il le happa.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to snatch by the mouth, to snap up (typically of animals)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "snatch",
          "snatch"
        ],
        [
          "snap up",
          "snap up"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grab, to seize"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grab",
          "grab"
        ],
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) to grab, to seize"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French colloquialisms",
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He was hit by a car and killed on the spot.",
          "text": "Il a été happé par une automobile et tué sur le coup.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to strike forcefully"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to strike forcefully"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to catch off guard; take by surprise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "catch",
          "catch"
        ],
        [
          "off guard",
          "off guard"
        ],
        [
          "take by surprise",
          "take by surprise"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to catch off guard; take by surprise"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/a.pe/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-happer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-happer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-happer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-happer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-happer.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "happer"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "to release",
      "word": "r'lâchi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "harpa",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to grip, pinch"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse harpa (“to grip, pinch”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse harpa (“to grip, pinch”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "happ'thie",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "gerund",
        "4": "happ'thie",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "happer (gerund happ'thie)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "ger": "happ'thie"
      },
      "expansion": "happer (gerund happ'thie)",
      "name": "nrf-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norman",
  "lang_code": "nrm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Jersey Norman",
        "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
        "Norman lemmas",
        "Norman terms borrowed from Old Norse",
        "Norman terms derived from Old Norse",
        "Norman verbs",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to catch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "catch",
          "catch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Jersey) to catch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jersey"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Jer-happer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Jer-happer.ogg/Jer-happer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Jer-happer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "happer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for happer meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.