"gurnard" meaning in All languages combined

See gurnard on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈɡɜːnəd/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɡɚnɚd/ [General-American], /ˈɡɵːnɘd/ [New-Zealand] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav [Southern-England] Forms: gurnard [plural], gurnards [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English gurnard, from Old French gournart, from the verb gronir, from Latin grunnīre (“to grunt”). Compare French grondin (“gurnard”), which evolved in a similar way. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|gurnard}} Middle English gurnard, {{der|en|fro|gournart}} Old French gournart, {{m|fro|gronir}} gronir, {{uder|en|la|grunnīre||to grunt}} Latin grunnīre (“to grunt”), {{uder|en|fr|grondin||gurnard}} French grondin (“gurnard”) Head templates: {{en-noun|gurnard|s}} gurnard (plural gurnard or gurnards)
  1. Any of various marine fish of the family Triglidae that have a large armored head and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom. Categories (lifeform): Scorpaeniform fish Translations (marine fish of the family Triglidae): морска лястовица (morska ljastovica) [feminine] (Bulgarian), lluerna [feminine] (Catalan), paona [feminine] (Catalan), pubilla [feminine] (Catalan), kurnusimppu (Finnish), grondin [masculine] (French), rubio [masculine] (Galician), escacho [masculine] (Galician), cabezudo [masculine] (Galician), Seehahn [masculine] (German), Knurrhahn [masculine] (German), τρίγλη (trígli) [feminine] (Greek), χελιδονόψαρο (chelidonópsaro) [neuter] (Greek), morgóhal (Hungarian), cnúdán [masculine] (Irish), gallinella di mare [feminine] (Italian), kumukumu (Maori), gurnard (Middle English), rândunică-de-mare [feminine] (Romanian), морско́й пету́х (morskój petúx) [masculine] (Russian), три́гла (trígla) [feminine] (Russian), kokot [Latin, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), trilla [feminine] (Spanish), knorrhane [common-gender] (Swedish), gyrned [masculine] (Welsh), penhaearn [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-gurnard-en-noun-ePyX5U05 Disambiguation of Scorpaeniform fish: 58 42 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English undefined derivations, Pages with tab characters Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 67 33 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 69 31 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 70 30 Disambiguation of English undefined derivations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Pages with tab characters: 71 29 Disambiguation of 'marine fish of the family Triglidae': 65 35
  2. (loosely) Other fish with appearance like that of members of family Triglidae, such as certain of those in families Dactylopteridae, Peristediidae, and Scorpaenidae. Tags: broadly
    Sense id: en-gurnard-en-noun-dKDHc1AR
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: gurnet Synonyms (fish of Triglidae): sea robin Hyponyms (fish of Triglidae): bluefin gurnard, tub gurnard, red gurnard, grey gurnard, scaly gurnard, Eastern spiny gurnard, spotted gurnard, spiny red gurnard
Disambiguation of 'fish of Triglidae': 52 48 Disambiguation of 'fish of Triglidae': 52 48 Derived forms: African gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys lastoviza), armoured gurnard (taxonomic: Peristediidae spp.), big-headed gurnard (taxonomic: Prionotus tribulus), bluefin gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys kumu), Cape gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys capensis), Eastern spiny gurnard (taxonomic: Lepidotrigla pleuracanthica), flying gurnard (taxonomic: Dactylopteridae spp.), gray gurnard, grey gurnard (taxonomic: Eutrigla gurnardus), helmet gurnard (taxonomic: Dactylopteridae spp.), jaggedhead gurnard (taxonomic: Gargariscus prionocephalus), lantern gurnard (taxonomic: Trigla obscura), longfin gurnard, long-finned gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys obscurus), lyre gurnard (taxonomic: Trigla lyra), oriental flying gurnard (taxonomic: Dactyloptena orientalis), Pacific red gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys kumu), piper gurnard (taxonomic: Trigla lyra), purple flying gurnard (taxonomic: Dactyloptena orientalis), plyling gurnard (taxonomic: Dactylopteridae spp.), red gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys cuculus), red gurnard perch, red gurnard scorpionfish (taxonomic: Helicolenus percoides), rock gunard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys lastoviza), sapphire gurnard (taxonomic: Trigla hirundo), sapphirine gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys lucerna), scaly gurnard (taxonomic: Lepidotrigla brachyoptera), smallscaled gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys spp.), spiny red gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys spinosus), spotted gurnard (taxonomic: Pterygotrigla picta), streaked gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys lastoviza), tub gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys lucerna), yellow gurnard (taxonomic: Chelidonichthys lucerna)

Noun [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈɡurnard/, /ˈɡurnərd/ Forms: gurnardes [plural]
Etymology: From Old French gournart; equivalent to groynen + -ard. Etymology templates: {{bor|enm|fro|gournart}} Old French gournart, {{af|enm|groynen|-ard}} groynen + -ard Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} gurnard, {{enm-noun|gurnardes}} gurnard (plural gurnardes)
  1. gurnard Categories (lifeform): Fish Synonyms: gurnarde, gournarde, gornard, gornarde, gurnerd

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for gurnard meaning in All languages combined (12.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lastoviza",
      "word": "African gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Peristediidae spp.",
      "word": "armoured gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Prionotus tribulus",
      "word": "big-headed gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys kumu",
      "word": "bluefin gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys capensis",
      "word": "Cape gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Lepidotrigla pleuracanthica",
      "word": "Eastern spiny gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Dactylopteridae spp.",
      "word": "flying gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gray gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Eutrigla gurnardus",
      "word": "grey gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Dactylopteridae spp.",
      "word": "helmet gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Gargariscus prionocephalus",
      "word": "jaggedhead gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Trigla obscura",
      "word": "lantern gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "longfin gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys obscurus",
      "word": "long-finned gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Trigla lyra",
      "word": "lyre gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Dactyloptena orientalis",
      "word": "oriental flying gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys kumu",
      "word": "Pacific red gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Trigla lyra",
      "word": "piper gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Dactyloptena orientalis",
      "word": "purple flying gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Dactylopteridae spp.",
      "word": "plyling gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys cuculus",
      "word": "red gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "red gurnard perch"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Helicolenus percoides",
      "word": "red gurnard scorpionfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lastoviza",
      "word": "rock gunard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Trigla hirundo",
      "word": "sapphire gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lucerna",
      "word": "sapphirine gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Lepidotrigla brachyoptera",
      "word": "scaly gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys spp.",
      "word": "smallscaled gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys spinosus",
      "word": "spiny red gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Pterygotrigla picta",
      "word": "spotted gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lastoviza",
      "word": "streaked gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lucerna",
      "word": "tub gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lucerna",
      "word": "yellow gurnard"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "gurnard"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English gurnard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "gournart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French gournart",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "gronir"
      },
      "expansion": "gronir",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grunnīre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to grunt"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin grunnīre (“to grunt”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "grondin",
        "4": "",
        "5": "gurnard"
      },
      "expansion": "French grondin (“gurnard”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English gurnard, from Old French gournart, from the verb gronir, from Latin grunnīre (“to grunt”). Compare French grondin (“gurnard”), which evolved in a similar way.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gurnard",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gurnards",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gurnard",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "gurnard (plural gurnard or gurnards)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "bluefin gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "tub gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "red gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "grey gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "scaly gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "Eastern spiny gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "spotted gurnard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "spiny red gurnard"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with tab characters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Scorpaeniform fish",
          "orig": "en:Scorpaeniform fish",
          "parents": [
            "Fish",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various marine fish of the family Triglidae that have a large armored head and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom."
      ],
      "id": "en-gurnard-en-noun-ePyX5U05",
      "links": [
        [
          "Triglidae",
          "Triglidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "pectoral fin",
          "pectoral fin"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "morska ljastovica",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "морска лястовица"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lluerna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "paona"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pubilla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "word": "kurnusimppu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grondin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rubio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escacho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cabezudo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Seehahn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Knurrhahn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "trígli",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "τρίγλη"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "chelidonópsaro",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "χελιδονόψαρο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "word": "morgóhal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cnúdán"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gallinella di mare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "word": "kumukumu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "word": "gurnard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rândunică-de-mare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "morskój petúx",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "морско́й пету́х"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "trígla",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "три́гла"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kokot"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "trilla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "knorrhane"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gyrned"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "penhaearn"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Other fish with appearance like that of members of family Triglidae, such as certain of those in families Dactylopteridae, Peristediidae, and Scorpaenidae."
      ],
      "id": "en-gurnard-en-noun-dKDHc1AR",
      "links": [
        [
          "Triglidae",
          "Triglidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Dactylopteridae",
          "Dactylopteridae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Scorpaenidae",
          "Scorpaenidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(loosely) Other fish with appearance like that of members of family Triglidae, such as certain of those in families Dactylopteridae, Peristediidae, and Scorpaenidae."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɜːnəd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɚnɚd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɵːnɘd/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "sea robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gurnet"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gurnard"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gurnard",
            "3": "gurnet"
          },
          "expansion": "English: gurnard, gurnet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: gurnard, gurnet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "girnot"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: girnot",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: girnot"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "gournart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French gournart",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "groynen",
        "3": "-ard"
      },
      "expansion": "groynen + -ard",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French gournart; equivalent to groynen + -ard.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gurnardes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gurnard",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gurnardes"
      },
      "expansion": "gurnard (plural gurnardes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ard",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with tab characters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Fish",
          "orig": "enm:Fish",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gurnard"
      ],
      "id": "en-gurnard-enm-noun-lRfO7uuC",
      "links": [
        [
          "gurnard",
          "gurnard#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "gurnarde"
        },
        {
          "word": "gournarde"
        },
        {
          "word": "gornard"
        },
        {
          "word": "gornarde"
        },
        {
          "word": "gurnerd"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡurnard/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡurnərd/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gurnard"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
    "Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)",
    "Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
    "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
    "Pages with tab characters",
    "en:Scorpaeniform fish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lastoviza",
      "word": "African gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Peristediidae spp.",
      "word": "armoured gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Prionotus tribulus",
      "word": "big-headed gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys kumu",
      "word": "bluefin gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys capensis",
      "word": "Cape gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Lepidotrigla pleuracanthica",
      "word": "Eastern spiny gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Dactylopteridae spp.",
      "word": "flying gurnard"
    },
    {
      "word": "gray gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Eutrigla gurnardus",
      "word": "grey gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Dactylopteridae spp.",
      "word": "helmet gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Gargariscus prionocephalus",
      "word": "jaggedhead gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Trigla obscura",
      "word": "lantern gurnard"
    },
    {
      "word": "longfin gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys obscurus",
      "word": "long-finned gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Trigla lyra",
      "word": "lyre gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Dactyloptena orientalis",
      "word": "oriental flying gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys kumu",
      "word": "Pacific red gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Trigla lyra",
      "word": "piper gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Dactyloptena orientalis",
      "word": "purple flying gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Dactylopteridae spp.",
      "word": "plyling gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys cuculus",
      "word": "red gurnard"
    },
    {
      "word": "red gurnard perch"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Helicolenus percoides",
      "word": "red gurnard scorpionfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lastoviza",
      "word": "rock gunard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Trigla hirundo",
      "word": "sapphire gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lucerna",
      "word": "sapphirine gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Lepidotrigla brachyoptera",
      "word": "scaly gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys spp.",
      "word": "smallscaled gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys spinosus",
      "word": "spiny red gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Pterygotrigla picta",
      "word": "spotted gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lastoviza",
      "word": "streaked gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lucerna",
      "word": "tub gurnard"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Chelidonichthys lucerna",
      "word": "yellow gurnard"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "gurnard"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English gurnard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "gournart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French gournart",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "gronir"
      },
      "expansion": "gronir",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grunnīre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to grunt"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin grunnīre (“to grunt”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "grondin",
        "4": "",
        "5": "gurnard"
      },
      "expansion": "French grondin (“gurnard”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English gurnard, from Old French gournart, from the verb gronir, from Latin grunnīre (“to grunt”). Compare French grondin (“gurnard”), which evolved in a similar way.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gurnard",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gurnards",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gurnard",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "gurnard (plural gurnard or gurnards)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "bluefin gurnard"
    },
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "tub gurnard"
    },
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "red gurnard"
    },
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "grey gurnard"
    },
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "scaly gurnard"
    },
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "Eastern spiny gurnard"
    },
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "spotted gurnard"
    },
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "spiny red gurnard"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various marine fish of the family Triglidae that have a large armored head and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Triglidae",
          "Triglidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "pectoral fin",
          "pectoral fin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Other fish with appearance like that of members of family Triglidae, such as certain of those in families Dactylopteridae, Peristediidae, and Scorpaenidae."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Triglidae",
          "Triglidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Dactylopteridae",
          "Dactylopteridae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Scorpaenidae",
          "Scorpaenidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(loosely) Other fish with appearance like that of members of family Triglidae, such as certain of those in families Dactylopteridae, Peristediidae, and Scorpaenidae."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɜːnəd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɚnɚd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɵːnɘd/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gurnard.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "fish of Triglidae",
      "word": "sea robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "gurnet"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "morska ljastovica",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "морска лястовица"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lluerna"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "paona"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pubilla"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "word": "kurnusimppu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grondin"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rubio"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escacho"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cabezudo"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Seehahn"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Knurrhahn"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "trígli",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "τρίγλη"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "chelidonópsaro",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "χελιδονόψαρο"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "word": "morgóhal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cnúdán"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gallinella di mare"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "word": "kumukumu"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "word": "gurnard"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rândunică-de-mare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "morskój petúx",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "морско́й пету́х"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "trígla",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "три́гла"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kokot"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "trilla"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "knorrhane"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gyrned"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "marine fish of the family Triglidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "penhaearn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gurnard"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gurnard",
            "3": "gurnet"
          },
          "expansion": "English: gurnard, gurnet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: gurnard, gurnet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "girnot"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: girnot",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: girnot"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "gournart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French gournart",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "groynen",
        "3": "-ard"
      },
      "expansion": "groynen + -ard",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French gournart; equivalent to groynen + -ard.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gurnardes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gurnard",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gurnardes"
      },
      "expansion": "gurnard (plural gurnardes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English nouns",
        "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
        "Middle English terms suffixed with -ard",
        "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with tab characters",
        "enm:Fish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gurnard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gurnard",
          "gurnard#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡurnard/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡurnərd/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "gurnarde"
    },
    {
      "word": "gournarde"
    },
    {
      "word": "gornard"
    },
    {
      "word": "gornarde"
    },
    {
      "word": "gurnerd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gurnard"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.