See gudgeon on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gudgeon meaning in All languages combined (46.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Butis amboinensis",
"word": "Ambon gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Abbottina rivularis",
"word": "Amur false gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Microphysiogobio amurensis",
"word": "Amur longnose gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Amur white gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Amur white-finned gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio tenuicorpus",
"word": "Amur whitefin gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio hettitorum",
"word": "Anatolian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Aru gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Oxyelectris aruensis",
"word": "Aru Island gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Hypseliotris compressa",
"word": "Australian carp-gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio alverniae",
"word": "Auvergne gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris kimberleyensis",
"word": "Barnett River gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus zonatus",
"word": "barred gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio microlepidotus",
"word": "Beysehir gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Philypnodon grandiceps",
"word": "big-headed gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris selheimi",
"word": "black banded gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eleotris melanosoma",
"word": "black gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "black-banded gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris selheimi",
"word": "blackbanded gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Butis melanostigma",
"word": "black-spotted gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blind cave gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Milyeringa veritas",
"word": "blind gudgeon M"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ptereleotris microlepis",
"word": "blue gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brown gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eleotris fusca",
"word": "brown spine-cheek gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Philypnodon grandiceps",
"word": "bull-headed gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio gymnostethus",
"word": "Cappodocian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris compressa",
"word": "carp gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio holurus",
"word": "Caspian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Milyeringa veritas",
"word": "cave gudgeon M"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Chersky's gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Sarcocheilichthys czerskii",
"word": "Cherskii's thicklip gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Abbottina rivularis",
"word": "Chinese false gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus sinensis",
"word": "Chinese gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Sarcocheilichthys sinensis",
"word": "Chinese lake gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Saurogobio dabryi",
"word": "Chinese lizard gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio delyamurei",
"word": "Chornaya gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio insuyanus",
"word": "Cihanbeyli gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Cox's gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobiomorphus coxii",
"word": "Cox gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Butis koilomatodon",
"word": "crested gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crimson-tipped flathead gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crimsontip gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Butis butis",
"word": "crimson-tipped gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Aulopyge huegelii",
"word": "Dalmatian bargel-gudgeon C"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris lineolata",
"word": "Daly river gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio antipai",
"word": "Danube delta gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Danube gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Danumbian gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Romonogobio uranoscopus",
"word": "Danubian longbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Calumnia profunda",
"word": "deepreef gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio kesslerii",
"word": "Dniester longbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio brevicirris",
"word": "Don gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio tanaiticus",
"word": "Don whitefin gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Calumnia godeffroyi",
"word": "doublespot gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Kimberleyeleotris notata",
"word": "Drysdale gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Thalasseleotris adela",
"word": "dusky marine gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris nullipora",
"word": "dwarf gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio intermedius",
"word": "Eber gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eleotris melanosoma",
"word": "ebony gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Paragalaxias dissimilis",
"word": "eel-gudgeon Ga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobiobotia homalopteroidea",
"word": "eight-whisker gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eight-whiskered gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobiobotia pappenheimi",
"word": "eightbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris compressa",
"word": "empire gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio battalgilae",
"word": "Eyilikler gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Abbottina spp.",
"word": "false gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda oligolepis",
"word": "false-spotted gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Calumnia eilperinae",
"word": "fartail coralgudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris paucipora",
"word": "few-pored gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris fimbriata",
"word": "fimbriate gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Incara multisquamatus",
"word": "finescale gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "firetail gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris galii",
"word": "firetailed gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio pentatrichus",
"word": "five-rayed gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Butis butis",
"word": "flat-head gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Butis butis B., Philypnodon grandiceps E.",
"word": "flat-headed gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Philypnodon grandiceps",
"word": "flathead gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eleotris fusca",
"word": "freshwater gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio fushunensis",
"word": "fushun gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris galii",
"word": "Gale's carp-gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris selheimi",
"word": "giant gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "golden carp gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris aurea",
"word": "golden gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Grahamichthys radiatus",
"word": "Graham's gudgeon T"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio elimeius",
"word": "Greek stone gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio lozanoi",
"word": "Iberian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio maeandricus",
"word": "Isikli gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus aruensis",
"word": "island gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "Issyk-Kul gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio benacensis",
"word": "Italian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris nullipora",
"word": "Jardine gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio kesslerii",
"word": "Kessler's gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Squalidus chankaensis",
"word": "Khanka gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio kubanicus",
"word": "Kuban gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Kuban long-barbelled gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio pentatrichus",
"word": "Kuban longbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio persus",
"word": "Kura gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus scalaris",
"word": "ladder gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio occitaniae",
"word": "Languedoc gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio soldatovi",
"word": "Lena gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Valenciennea muralis",
"word": "lined gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Saurogobio dabryi",
"word": "lizard gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ptereleotris microlepis",
"word": "long-finned gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Microphysogobio tungtingensis",
"word": "long-nosed gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gnathopogon strigatus",
"word": "Manchurian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Thalasseleotris adela",
"word": "marine gudgeon T"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Kimberleyeleotris hutchinsi",
"word": "Mitchell gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris lineolata",
"word": "mud gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobiomorphus coxii",
"word": "Mulgoa gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ophiocara porocephala",
"word": "mullet gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobiomorphus coxii",
"word": "Nepean gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "North Caucasian gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio ciscaucasicus",
"word": "North Caucasian longbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Coreius septentrionalis",
"word": "northern bronze gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris compressa",
"word": "northern carp-gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ophiocara porocephala",
"word": "northern mud gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda mogurnda",
"word": "northern purplespotted gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio belingi",
"word": "northern whitefin gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Valenciennea longipinnis",
"word": "ocellated gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio ohridanus",
"word": "Ohrid gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Butis amboinensis etc.",
"word": "olive flathead gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio soldatovi",
"word": "Pacific gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ptereleotris heteroptera",
"word": "pale gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris wisselensis",
"word": "panial gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Calumnia papuensis",
"word": "Papuan coralgudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "peacock gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Tateurndina ocellicauda",
"word": "peacock-eye gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio persus",
"word": "Persian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Butis butis",
"word": "pointed-head gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris nullipora",
"word": "poreless gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris regalis",
"word": "Prince Regent gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda adspersa",
"word": "purple-spotted gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis",
"word": "rainbow gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Gobiocypris rarus",
"word": "rare gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris regalis",
"word": "Regent carp gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio sakaryaensis",
"word": "Sakarya gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio krymensis",
"word": "Salgir gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobius niger",
"word": "sea gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris heterodon",
"word": "Sentani gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio delyamurei",
"word": "short-barbelled Crimean gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio cynocephalus",
"word": "Siberian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Odonteleotris macrodon",
"word": "sinuous gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio skadarensis",
"word": "Skadar gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris selheimi",
"word": "sleeper gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "slender carp gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris ejuncida",
"word": "slender gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pseudorasbora elongata",
"word": "slender top-mouth gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio parvus",
"word": "small Kuban gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Squalidus minor",
"word": "small silver gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "small-eyed gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Prionobutis microps",
"word": "smalleye gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Odonteleotris macrodon",
"word": "smooth-scaled gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "snake-headed gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Giuris margaritaceus",
"word": "snakehead gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio soldatovi",
"word": "Soldatov's gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Soldatov's thicklip gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi",
"word": "Soldatov's toothed gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio macropterus",
"word": "South Caucasian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda adspersa",
"word": "southern purplespotted gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ophiocara porocephala",
"word": "spangled gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spine-cheek gudgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eleotris acanthopomus",
"word": "spinecheek gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ptereleotris evides",
"word": "spottail gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobiomorphus australis",
"word": "striped gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus strigogenys",
"word": "striped-cheek gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus zonatus",
"word": "sunset gudgeon B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris stagnicola",
"word": "swamp gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Ladislavia taczanowskii",
"word": "Tachanovsky's gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio feraeensis",
"word": "Thessaly gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Belobranchus belobranchus",
"word": "throat-spine gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pseudorasbora parva",
"word": "topmouth gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris cyprinoides",
"word": "tropical carp gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio sarmaticus",
"word": "Ukrainian gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Platysmacheilus longibarbatus",
"word": "united-lip gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda variegata",
"word": "variegated gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gobio kovatschevi",
"word": "Varna gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris klunzingeri",
"word": "western carp gudgeon E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio albipinnatus",
"word": "white-finned gudgeon G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Philypnodon grandiceps",
"word": "Yarra gudgeon E"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gojoun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gojoun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gogen, gogeon, gogeorn, gogin, gogyn, gojon, gojone, gojune",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gojon"
},
"expansion": "Old French gojon",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "goujon",
"t": "gudgeon"
},
"expansion": "goujon (“gudgeon”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gōbiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gōbiōnem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "accusative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gōbiō"
},
"expansion": "gōbiō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "augmentative"
},
"expansion": "augmentative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "gōbius",
"t": "gudgeon"
},
"expansion": "Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κωβῐός",
"t": "fish of the gudgeon kind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goby",
"3": "goujon",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of goby and goujon",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gudgeons",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gudgeon (plural gudgeons)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gud‧geon"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 3 24 23 10 1 6 2 6 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cyprinids",
"orig": "en:Cyprinids",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Otocephalan fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 3 22 21 9 0 5 1 5 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gobies",
"orig": "en:Gobies",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, that is native to Eurasia."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-noun-7kVbLyvU",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"freshwater",
"freshwater#Adjective"
],
[
"fish",
"fish#Noun"
],
[
"Gobio gobio",
"Gobio gobio#Translingual"
],
[
"native",
"native#Adjective"
],
[
"Eurasia",
"Eurasia"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goby"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "wapper"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sovorakan kʻaṙtʻak",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "սովորական քառթակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qomay",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ҡомай"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qomtörkös",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ҡомтөркөс"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "taşbaş",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ташбаш"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "xöməy",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "хөмәй"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "zarbo arrunt"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjačkúr",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "пячку́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjačkur zvyčajny",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "пячкур звычайны"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obiknovena krotuška",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "обикновена кротушка"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "鮈"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jū",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "𬶋"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "yrašpătri",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ырашпӑтри"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrouzek"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrouzek obecný"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "riviergrondel"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"masculine",
"rare"
],
"word": "elzenvoorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "gobio"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "harilik rünt"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "rünt"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "törö"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goujon"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobio"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "čveulebrivi cimori",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ჩვეულებრივი ციმორი"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gründling"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "moustakás",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μουστακάς"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gyftópsaro",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γυφτόψαρο"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kōbiós",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κωβιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "fenékjáró küllő"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "küllő"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "gobio"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "peskari"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brannóg"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobione"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tasbas",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "тасбас"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mosaemchi",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "모샘치"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "gōbius"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "grundulis"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "paprastasis gružlỹs"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "olo",
"lang": "Livvi",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "peskari"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gif"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "taiwharu"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "mrj",
"lang": "Western Mari",
"roman": "kadama",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "кадама"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "mic",
"lang": "Mi'kmaq",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"animate"
],
"word": "so'qomu'j"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "mic",
"lang": "Mi'kmaq",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "so'qomu'j"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "mdf",
"lang": "Moksha",
"roman": "šuvarbek",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "шуварбек"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "nog",
"lang": "Nogai",
"roman": "süyre",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "суьйре"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "célérin"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "grundling"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "sandkryper"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"Gascony"
],
"word": "trauguen"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "blǣġe"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "qyppi",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "хъыппи"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kaya balığı",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "قیا بالغی"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiełb"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiełb krótkowąsy"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiełb pospolity"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobião"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "góbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "porcușor"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "porcușor comun"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obyknovennyj peskarʹ",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обыкновенный пескарь"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "peskárʹ",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песка́рь"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gùda"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bronnag"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кр̀куша"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kr̀kuša"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "hrúz obyčajný"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "hrúz škvrnitý"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "boskos",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "боскос"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobio"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "sandkrypare"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qapkorsaq",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "капкорсак"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "taşbaş",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ташбаш"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "dere kaya balığı"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "öľok",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "öлёк"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pičkur zvyčajnyj",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "пічкур звичайний"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "toshbosh"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "cá bống mú"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwyniad pendew"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llyfrothen"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 11 15 12 2 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "symlyn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cottus bairdii, more widely known as mottled sculpin."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-noun-5mN2e63f",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada) Cottus bairdii, more widely known as mottled sculpin."
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 23 7 8 4 15 7 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 3 24 23 10 1 6 2 6 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cyprinids",
"orig": "en:Cyprinids",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Otocephalan fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "4 4 46 28 15 3",
"alt": "sleeper gobies",
"english": "B.",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "Butidae"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 46 28 15 3",
"alt": "carp etc.",
"english": "C.",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "Cyprinidae"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 46 28 15 3",
"alt": "sleeper gobies",
"english": "Eleotridae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "E."
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 46 28 15 3",
"alt": "gobies",
"english": "Gobiidae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "G."
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 46 28 15 3",
"english": "Galaxiidae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "Ga."
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 46 28 15 3",
"english": "Milyeringidae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "M."
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 46 28 15 3",
"english": "Thalasseleotrididae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "T."
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 October 5, Nicola Gage, “Murray Showing Signs of Recovery”, in ABC News, Sydney, N.S.W., archived from the original on 2019-11-01",
"text": "The southern purple-spotted gudgeon [Mogurnda adspersa] can be hard to find. Although colourful, they are thin and only grow up to 12 centimetres.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various similar small fish of the family Eleotridae, often used as bait."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-noun-~nxTf4du",
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"Eleotridae",
"Eleotridae#Translingual"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"bait",
"bait#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia) Any of various similar small fish of the family Eleotridae, often used as bait."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sleeper goby"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 4 48 30 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fish of the family Eleotridae",
"word": "torkkuja"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 4 48 30 5 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "fish of the family Eleotridae",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gùda"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 3 24 23 10 1 6 2 6 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cyprinids",
"orig": "en:Cyprinids",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Otocephalan fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Other fish, similar in appearance, principally in families Butidae and Eleotridae, but also in others."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-noun-PfzNoVWJ",
"links": [
[
"Eleotridae",
"Eleotridae#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 3 24 23 10 1 6 2 6 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cyprinids",
"orig": "en:Cyprinids",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Otocephalan fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1713, Jonathan Swift, “Horace, Epistle VII. Book I. Imitated and Addressed to the Earl of Oxford, in the Year 1713”, in Miscellanies. The Last Volume, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], published 1733, →OCLC, page 149, lines 73–80",
"text": "The Doctor now obeys the Summons, / Likes both his Company, and Commons; / Diſplays his Talent, ſits till Ten; / Next Day invited, comes again; / Soon grows Domeſtick, ſeldom fails, / Either at Morning, or at Meals; / Came early, and departed late: / In ſhort, the Gudgeon took the Bait.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Robert Jordan, “Making Use of Invisibility”, in New Spring, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, Tom Doherty Associates, page 298",
"text": "\"Don't be a gudgeon,\" she grumbled, tugging at the dress much more fiercely than was necessary. \"If this works as you say it will, nobody will notice me.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person apt to take the bait; one easily cheated or duped; also, an idiot."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-noun-STTsMSth",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"apt",
"apt"
],
[
"take the bait",
"take the bait"
],
[
"easily",
"easily"
],
[
"cheated",
"cheat#Verb"
],
[
"duped",
"dupe#Verb"
],
[
"idiot",
"idiot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, archaic) A person apt to take the bait; one easily cheated or duped; also, an idiot."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dupe"
},
{
"word": "idiot"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Something used to lure or tempt; bait, a lure."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-noun-U1Ml9C~v",
"links": [
[
"lure",
"lure#Verb"
],
[
"tempt",
"tempt"
],
[
"bait",
"bait#Noun"
],
[
"lure",
"lure#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, archaic) Something used to lure or tempt; bait, a lure."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌdʒən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌjən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "gudgeon"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gojoun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gojoun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gogen, gogeon, gogeorn, gogin, gogyn, gojon, gojone, gojune",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gojon"
},
"expansion": "Old French gojon",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "goujon",
"t": "gudgeon"
},
"expansion": "goujon (“gudgeon”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gōbiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gōbiōnem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "accusative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gōbiō"
},
"expansion": "gōbiō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "augmentative"
},
"expansion": "augmentative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "gōbius",
"t": "gudgeon"
},
"expansion": "Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κωβῐός",
"t": "fish of the gudgeon kind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goby",
"3": "goujon",
"nocap": "1"
},
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"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gudgeons",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gudgeoning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gudgeoned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gudgeoned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
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"To deprive (someone) fraudulently; to cheat, to dupe."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-verb-ZtTff4dW",
"links": [
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"fraudulently",
"fraudulently"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat#Verb"
],
[
"dupe",
"dupe#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To deprive (someone) fraudulently; to cheat, to dupe."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To take the bait; to be defrauded or duped."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-verb-JAym7OwD",
"links": [
[
"take the bait",
"take the bait"
],
[
"defraud",
"defraud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To take the bait; to be defrauded or duped."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌdʒən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
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},
{
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"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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},
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"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "gudgeon"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gudgeon pin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gojoun",
"t": "metal fitting with a ring at one end"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gojoun (“metal fitting with a ring at one end”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"otherforms": "1"
},
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},
{
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"t": "dowel; pin"
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},
{
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"otherforms": "1"
},
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},
{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-on",
"pos": "suffix forming diminutives"
},
"expansion": "-on (suffix forming diminutives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "Gouge"
},
"expansion": "Gouge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gulbia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gulbia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "gubia",
"t": "chisel"
},
"expansion": "gubia (“chisel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*gulbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gulbā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gulbīnos",
"t": "beak, bill"
},
"expansion": "*gulbīnos (“beak, bill”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gojoun (“metal fitting with a ring at one end”) [and other forms], from Old French goujon (“dowel; pin”) [and other forms], from gouge (“gouge (tool)”) + -on (suffix forming diminutives). Gouge is derived from Late Latin gulbia, gubia (“chisel”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gudgeons",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gudgeon (plural gudgeons)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
"hyphenation": [
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 15 10 10 3 20 7 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A circular or cylindrical fitting, often made of metal, into which a pin or pintle fits to create a hinge or pivoting joint."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-noun-PgriPrya",
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular#Adjective"
],
[
"cylindrical",
"cylindrical"
],
[
"fitting",
"fitting#Noun"
],
[
"metal",
"metal#Noun"
],
[
"pin",
"pin#Noun"
],
[
"pintle",
"pintle"
],
[
"fits",
"fit#Verb"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"hinge",
"hinge#Noun"
],
[
"pivoting",
"pivot#Verb"
],
[
"joint",
"joint#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(also attributively) A circular or cylindrical fitting, often made of metal, into which a pin or pintle fits to create a hinge or pivoting joint."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"attributive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"word": "sarana"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "gínglumos",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γίγγλυμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"word": "csapszeg"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"word": "csapágy"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gustún"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spinotto"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chukbaji",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"word": "축받이"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnōdāx"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zap"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a vessel with a stern-mounted rudder: the fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits, allowing the rudder to swing freely."
],
"id": "en-gudgeon-en-noun-9wTSgTWA",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"stern",
"stern#Noun"
],
[
"mounted",
"mount#Verb"
],
[
"rudder",
"rudder"
],
[
"swing",
"swing#Verb"
],
[
"freely",
"freely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, specifically) In a vessel with a stern-mounted rudder: the fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits, allowing the rudder to swing freely."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brace"
}
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "39 61",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "góndol"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 61",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "femellot"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 61",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ruderöse"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 61",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "unteres Ruderscharnier"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌdʒən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌjən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg/En-us-gudgeon.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"word": "goodgeon"
}
],
"word": "gudgeon"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Semitic languages",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒən/2 syllables",
"en:Cyprinids",
"en:Gobies"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Butis amboinensis",
"word": "Ambon gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Abbottina rivularis",
"word": "Amur false gudgeon G"
},
{
"alt": "Microphysiogobio amurensis",
"word": "Amur longnose gudgeon G"
},
{
"word": "Amur white gudgeon"
},
{
"word": "Amur white-finned gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio tenuicorpus",
"word": "Amur whitefin gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio hettitorum",
"word": "Anatolian gudgeon G"
},
{
"word": "Aru gudgeon"
},
{
"alt": "Oxyelectris aruensis",
"word": "Aru Island gudgeon E"
},
{
"alt": "Hypseliotris compressa",
"word": "Australian carp-gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio alverniae",
"word": "Auvergne gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris kimberleyensis",
"word": "Barnett River gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus zonatus",
"word": "barred gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio microlepidotus",
"word": "Beysehir gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Philypnodon grandiceps",
"word": "big-headed gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris selheimi",
"word": "black banded gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eleotris melanosoma",
"word": "black gudgeon E"
},
{
"word": "black-banded gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris selheimi",
"word": "blackbanded gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Butis melanostigma",
"word": "black-spotted gudgeon B"
},
{
"word": "blind cave gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Milyeringa veritas",
"word": "blind gudgeon M"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ptereleotris microlepis",
"word": "blue gudgeon E"
},
{
"word": "brown gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eleotris fusca",
"word": "brown spine-cheek gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Philypnodon grandiceps",
"word": "bull-headed gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio gymnostethus",
"word": "Cappodocian gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris compressa",
"word": "carp gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio holurus",
"word": "Caspian gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Milyeringa veritas",
"word": "cave gudgeon M"
},
{
"word": "Chersky's gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Sarcocheilichthys czerskii",
"word": "Cherskii's thicklip gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Abbottina rivularis",
"word": "Chinese false gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus sinensis",
"word": "Chinese gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Sarcocheilichthys sinensis",
"word": "Chinese lake gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Saurogobio dabryi",
"word": "Chinese lizard gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio delyamurei",
"word": "Chornaya gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio insuyanus",
"word": "Cihanbeyli gudgeon G"
},
{
"word": "Cox's gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobiomorphus coxii",
"word": "Cox gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Butis koilomatodon",
"word": "crested gudgeon B"
},
{
"word": "crimson-tipped flathead gudgeon"
},
{
"word": "crimsontip gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Butis butis",
"word": "crimson-tipped gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Aulopyge huegelii",
"word": "Dalmatian bargel-gudgeon C"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris lineolata",
"word": "Daly river gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio antipai",
"word": "Danube delta gudgeon G"
},
{
"word": "Danube gudgeon"
},
{
"word": "Danumbian gudgeon"
},
{
"alt": "Romonogobio uranoscopus",
"word": "Danubian longbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"alt": "Calumnia profunda",
"word": "deepreef gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio kesslerii",
"word": "Dniester longbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio brevicirris",
"word": "Don gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio tanaiticus",
"word": "Don whitefin gudgeon G"
},
{
"alt": "Calumnia godeffroyi",
"word": "doublespot gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Kimberleyeleotris notata",
"word": "Drysdale gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Thalasseleotris adela",
"word": "dusky marine gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris nullipora",
"word": "dwarf gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio intermedius",
"word": "Eber gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eleotris melanosoma",
"word": "ebony gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Paragalaxias dissimilis",
"word": "eel-gudgeon Ga"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobiobotia homalopteroidea",
"word": "eight-whisker gudgeon G"
},
{
"word": "eight-whiskered gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobiobotia pappenheimi",
"word": "eightbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris compressa",
"word": "empire gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio battalgilae",
"word": "Eyilikler gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Abbottina spp.",
"word": "false gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda oligolepis",
"word": "false-spotted gudgeon E"
},
{
"alt": "Calumnia eilperinae",
"word": "fartail coralgudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris paucipora",
"word": "few-pored gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris fimbriata",
"word": "fimbriate gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Incara multisquamatus",
"word": "finescale gudgeon B"
},
{
"word": "firetail gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris galii",
"word": "firetailed gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio pentatrichus",
"word": "five-rayed gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Butis butis",
"word": "flat-head gudgeon B"
},
{
"alt": "Butis butis B., Philypnodon grandiceps E.",
"word": "flat-headed gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Philypnodon grandiceps",
"word": "flathead gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eleotris fusca",
"word": "freshwater gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio fushunensis",
"word": "fushun gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris galii",
"word": "Gale's carp-gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris selheimi",
"word": "giant gudgeon E"
},
{
"word": "golden carp gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris aurea",
"word": "golden gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Grahamichthys radiatus",
"word": "Graham's gudgeon T"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio elimeius",
"word": "Greek stone gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio lozanoi",
"word": "Iberian gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio maeandricus",
"word": "Isikli gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus aruensis",
"word": "island gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "Issyk-Kul gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio benacensis",
"word": "Italian gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris nullipora",
"word": "Jardine gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio kesslerii",
"word": "Kessler's gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Squalidus chankaensis",
"word": "Khanka gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio kubanicus",
"word": "Kuban gudgeon G"
},
{
"word": "Kuban long-barbelled gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio pentatrichus",
"word": "Kuban longbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio persus",
"word": "Kura gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus scalaris",
"word": "ladder gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio occitaniae",
"word": "Languedoc gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio soldatovi",
"word": "Lena gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Valenciennea muralis",
"word": "lined gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Saurogobio dabryi",
"word": "lizard gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ptereleotris microlepis",
"word": "long-finned gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Microphysogobio tungtingensis",
"word": "long-nosed gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gnathopogon strigatus",
"word": "Manchurian gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Thalasseleotris adela",
"word": "marine gudgeon T"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Kimberleyeleotris hutchinsi",
"word": "Mitchell gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris lineolata",
"word": "mud gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobiomorphus coxii",
"word": "Mulgoa gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ophiocara porocephala",
"word": "mullet gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobiomorphus coxii",
"word": "Nepean gudgeon E"
},
{
"word": "North Caucasian gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio ciscaucasicus",
"word": "North Caucasian longbarbel gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Coreius septentrionalis",
"word": "northern bronze gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris compressa",
"word": "northern carp-gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ophiocara porocephala",
"word": "northern mud gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda mogurnda",
"word": "northern purplespotted gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio belingi",
"word": "northern whitefin gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Valenciennea longipinnis",
"word": "ocellated gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio ohridanus",
"word": "Ohrid gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Butis amboinensis etc.",
"word": "olive flathead gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio soldatovi",
"word": "Pacific gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ptereleotris heteroptera",
"word": "pale gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris wisselensis",
"word": "panial gudgeon E"
},
{
"alt": "Calumnia papuensis",
"word": "Papuan coralgudgeon E"
},
{
"word": "peacock gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Tateurndina ocellicauda",
"word": "peacock-eye gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio persus",
"word": "Persian gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Butis butis",
"word": "pointed-head gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris nullipora",
"word": "poreless gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris regalis",
"word": "Prince Regent gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda adspersa",
"word": "purple-spotted gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis",
"word": "rainbow gudgeon G"
},
{
"alt": "Gobiocypris rarus",
"word": "rare gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris regalis",
"word": "Regent carp gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio sakaryaensis",
"word": "Sakarya gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio krymensis",
"word": "Salgir gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobius niger",
"word": "sea gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris heterodon",
"word": "Sentani gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio delyamurei",
"word": "short-barbelled Crimean gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio cynocephalus",
"word": "Siberian gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Odonteleotris macrodon",
"word": "sinuous gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio skadarensis",
"word": "Skadar gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris selheimi",
"word": "sleeper gudgeon E"
},
{
"word": "slender carp gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris ejuncida",
"word": "slender gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pseudorasbora elongata",
"word": "slender top-mouth gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio parvus",
"word": "small Kuban gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Squalidus minor",
"word": "small silver gudgeon G"
},
{
"word": "small-eyed gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Prionobutis microps",
"word": "smalleye gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Odonteleotris macrodon",
"word": "smooth-scaled gudgeon E"
},
{
"word": "snake-headed gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Giuris margaritaceus",
"word": "snakehead gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio soldatovi",
"word": "Soldatov's gudgeon G"
},
{
"word": "Soldatov's thicklip gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi",
"word": "Soldatov's toothed gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio macropterus",
"word": "South Caucasian gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda adspersa",
"word": "southern purplespotted gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ophiocara porocephala",
"word": "spangled gudgeon B"
},
{
"word": "spine-cheek gudgeon"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eleotris acanthopomus",
"word": "spinecheek gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ptereleotris evides",
"word": "spottail gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobiomorphus australis",
"word": "striped gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus strigogenys",
"word": "striped-cheek gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Bostrychus zonatus",
"word": "sunset gudgeon B"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Oxyeleotris stagnicola",
"word": "swamp gudgeon E"
},
{
"alt": "Ladislavia taczanowskii",
"word": "Tachanovsky's gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio feraeensis",
"word": "Thessaly gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Belobranchus belobranchus",
"word": "throat-spine gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pseudorasbora parva",
"word": "topmouth gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris cyprinoides",
"word": "tropical carp gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio sarmaticus",
"word": "Ukrainian gudgeon G"
},
{
"alt": "Platysmacheilus longibarbatus",
"word": "united-lip gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Mogurnda variegata",
"word": "variegated gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gobio kovatschevi",
"word": "Varna gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Hypseleotris klunzingeri",
"word": "western carp gudgeon E"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Romanogobio albipinnatus",
"word": "white-finned gudgeon G"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Philypnodon grandiceps",
"word": "Yarra gudgeon E"
},
{
"alt": "sleeper gobies",
"english": "B.",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "Butidae"
},
{
"alt": "carp etc.",
"english": "C.",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "Cyprinidae"
},
{
"alt": "sleeper gobies",
"english": "Eleotridae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "E."
},
{
"alt": "gobies",
"english": "Gobiidae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "G."
},
{
"english": "Galaxiidae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "Ga."
},
{
"english": "Milyeringidae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "M."
},
{
"english": "Thalasseleotrididae",
"sense": "yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.",
"word": "T."
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gojoun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gojoun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gogen, gogeon, gogeorn, gogin, gogyn, gojon, gojone, gojune",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gojon"
},
"expansion": "Old French gojon",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "goujon",
"t": "gudgeon"
},
"expansion": "goujon (“gudgeon”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gōbiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gōbiōnem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "accusative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gōbiō"
},
"expansion": "gōbiō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "augmentative"
},
"expansion": "augmentative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "gōbius",
"t": "gudgeon"
},
"expansion": "Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κωβῐός",
"t": "fish of the gudgeon kind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goby",
"3": "goujon",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of goby and goujon",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gudgeons",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gudgeon (plural gudgeons)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gud‧geon"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A small freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, that is native to Eurasia."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"freshwater",
"freshwater#Adjective"
],
[
"fish",
"fish#Noun"
],
[
"Gobio gobio",
"Gobio gobio#Translingual"
],
[
"native",
"native#Adjective"
],
[
"Eurasia",
"Eurasia"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goby"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "wapper"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian English",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"Cottus bairdii, more widely known as mottled sculpin."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada) Cottus bairdii, more widely known as mottled sculpin."
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 October 5, Nicola Gage, “Murray Showing Signs of Recovery”, in ABC News, Sydney, N.S.W., archived from the original on 2019-11-01",
"text": "The southern purple-spotted gudgeon [Mogurnda adspersa] can be hard to find. Although colourful, they are thin and only grow up to 12 centimetres.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various similar small fish of the family Eleotridae, often used as bait."
],
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"Eleotridae",
"Eleotridae#Translingual"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"bait",
"bait#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia) Any of various similar small fish of the family Eleotridae, often used as bait."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sleeper goby"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)"
],
"glosses": [
"Other fish, similar in appearance, principally in families Butidae and Eleotridae, but also in others."
],
"links": [
[
"Eleotridae",
"Eleotridae#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1713, Jonathan Swift, “Horace, Epistle VII. Book I. Imitated and Addressed to the Earl of Oxford, in the Year 1713”, in Miscellanies. The Last Volume, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], published 1733, →OCLC, page 149, lines 73–80",
"text": "The Doctor now obeys the Summons, / Likes both his Company, and Commons; / Diſplays his Talent, ſits till Ten; / Next Day invited, comes again; / Soon grows Domeſtick, ſeldom fails, / Either at Morning, or at Meals; / Came early, and departed late: / In ſhort, the Gudgeon took the Bait.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Robert Jordan, “Making Use of Invisibility”, in New Spring, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, Tom Doherty Associates, page 298",
"text": "\"Don't be a gudgeon,\" she grumbled, tugging at the dress much more fiercely than was necessary. \"If this works as you say it will, nobody will notice me.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person apt to take the bait; one easily cheated or duped; also, an idiot."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"apt",
"apt"
],
[
"take the bait",
"take the bait"
],
[
"easily",
"easily"
],
[
"cheated",
"cheat#Verb"
],
[
"duped",
"dupe#Verb"
],
[
"idiot",
"idiot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, archaic) A person apt to take the bait; one easily cheated or duped; also, an idiot."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dupe"
},
{
"word": "idiot"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Something used to lure or tempt; bait, a lure."
],
"links": [
[
"lure",
"lure#Verb"
],
[
"tempt",
"tempt"
],
[
"bait",
"bait#Noun"
],
[
"lure",
"lure#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, archaic) Something used to lure or tempt; bait, a lure."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌdʒən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌjən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg/En-us-gudgeon.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sovorakan kʻaṙtʻak",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "սովորական քառթակ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qomay",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ҡомай"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qomtörkös",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ҡомтөркөс"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "taşbaş",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ташбаш"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "xöməy",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "хөмәй"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "zarbo arrunt"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjačkúr",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "пячку́р"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjačkur zvyčajny",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "пячкур звычайны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obiknovena krotuška",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "обикновена кротушка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobi"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "鮈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jū",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "𬶋"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "yrašpătri",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ырашпӑтри"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrouzek"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrouzek obecný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "riviergrondel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"masculine",
"rare"
],
"word": "elzenvoorn"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "gobio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "harilik rünt"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "rünt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "törö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goujon"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobio"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "čveulebrivi cimori",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ჩვეულებრივი ციმორი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gründling"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "moustakás",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μουστακάς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gyftópsaro",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γυφτόψαρο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kōbiós",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κωβιός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "fenékjáró küllő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "küllő"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "gobio"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "peskari"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brannóg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobione"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tasbas",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "тасбас"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mosaemchi",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "모샘치"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "gōbius"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "grundulis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "paprastasis gružlỹs"
},
{
"code": "olo",
"lang": "Livvi",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "peskari"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gif"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "taiwharu"
},
{
"code": "mrj",
"lang": "Western Mari",
"roman": "kadama",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "кадама"
},
{
"code": "mic",
"lang": "Mi'kmaq",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"animate"
],
"word": "so'qomu'j"
},
{
"code": "mic",
"lang": "Mi'kmaq",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "so'qomu'j"
},
{
"code": "mdf",
"lang": "Moksha",
"roman": "šuvarbek",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "шуварбек"
},
{
"code": "nog",
"lang": "Nogai",
"roman": "süyre",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "суьйре"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "célérin"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "grundling"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "sandkryper"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"Gascony"
],
"word": "trauguen"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "blǣġe"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "qyppi",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "хъыппи"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kaya balığı",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "قیا بالغی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiełb"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiełb krótkowąsy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiełb pospolity"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobião"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "góbio"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "porcușor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "porcușor comun"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obyknovennyj peskarʹ",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обыкновенный пескарь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "peskárʹ",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песка́рь"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gùda"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bronnag"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кр̀куша"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kr̀kuša"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "hrúz obyčajný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "hrúz škvrnitý"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "boskos",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "боскос"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gobio"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "sandkrypare"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qapkorsaq",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "капкорсак"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "taşbaş",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "ташбаш"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "dere kaya balığı"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "öľok",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "öлёк"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pičkur zvyčajnyj",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "пічкур звичайний"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "toshbosh"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"word": "cá bống mú"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwyniad pendew"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llyfrothen"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Gobio gobio",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "symlyn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fish of the family Eleotridae",
"word": "torkkuja"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "fish of the family Eleotridae",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gùda"
}
],
"word": "gudgeon"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Semitic languages",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒən/2 syllables",
"en:Cyprinids",
"en:Gobies"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gojoun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gojoun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gogen, gogeon, gogeorn, gogin, gogyn, gojon, gojone, gojune",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gojon"
},
"expansion": "Old French gojon",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "goujon",
"t": "gudgeon"
},
"expansion": "goujon (“gudgeon”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gōbiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gōbiōnem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "accusative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gōbiō"
},
"expansion": "gōbiō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "augmentative"
},
"expansion": "augmentative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "gōbius",
"t": "gudgeon"
},
"expansion": "Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κωβῐός",
"t": "fish of the gudgeon kind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goby",
"3": "goujon",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of goby and goujon",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gudgeons",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gudgeoning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gudgeoned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gudgeoned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gudgeon (third-person singular simple present gudgeons, present participle gudgeoning, simple past and past participle gudgeoned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gud‧geon"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To deprive (someone) fraudulently; to cheat, to dupe."
],
"links": [
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"fraudulently",
"fraudulently"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat#Verb"
],
[
"dupe",
"dupe#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To deprive (someone) fraudulently; to cheat, to dupe."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To take the bait; to be defrauded or duped."
],
"links": [
[
"take the bait",
"take the bait"
],
[
"defraud",
"defraud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To take the bait; to be defrauded or duped."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌdʒən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌjən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg/En-us-gudgeon.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "gudgeon"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒən/2 syllables",
"en:Cyprinids",
"en:Gobies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gudgeon pin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gojoun",
"t": "metal fitting with a ring at one end"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gojoun (“metal fitting with a ring at one end”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "godeon, gogeon, goggin, goggyn, gogin, gogion, gogoin, gogon, gogoun, gogoyne, gojon, gojone, gowun, goyon, goyvn, gudyon, gugeoune",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "goujon",
"t": "dowel; pin"
},
"expansion": "Old French goujon (“dowel; pin”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gogon, gojon, gougon",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gouge",
"t": "gouge (tool)"
},
"expansion": "gouge (“gouge (tool)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-on",
"pos": "suffix forming diminutives"
},
"expansion": "-on (suffix forming diminutives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "Gouge"
},
"expansion": "Gouge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gulbia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gulbia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "gubia",
"t": "chisel"
},
"expansion": "gubia (“chisel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*gulbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gulbā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gulbīnos",
"t": "beak, bill"
},
"expansion": "*gulbīnos (“beak, bill”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gojoun (“metal fitting with a ring at one end”) [and other forms], from Old French goujon (“dowel; pin”) [and other forms], from gouge (“gouge (tool)”) + -on (suffix forming diminutives). Gouge is derived from Late Latin gulbia, gubia (“chisel”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gudgeons",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gudgeon (plural gudgeons)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gud‧geon"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A circular or cylindrical fitting, often made of metal, into which a pin or pintle fits to create a hinge or pivoting joint."
],
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular#Adjective"
],
[
"cylindrical",
"cylindrical"
],
[
"fitting",
"fitting#Noun"
],
[
"metal",
"metal#Noun"
],
[
"pin",
"pin#Noun"
],
[
"pintle",
"pintle"
],
[
"fits",
"fit#Verb"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"hinge",
"hinge#Noun"
],
[
"pivoting",
"pivot#Verb"
],
[
"joint",
"joint#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(also attributively) A circular or cylindrical fitting, often made of metal, into which a pin or pintle fits to create a hinge or pivoting joint."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"attributive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"In a vessel with a stern-mounted rudder: the fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits, allowing the rudder to swing freely."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"stern",
"stern#Noun"
],
[
"mounted",
"mount#Verb"
],
[
"rudder",
"rudder"
],
[
"swing",
"swing#Verb"
],
[
"freely",
"freely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, specifically) In a vessel with a stern-mounted rudder: the fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits, allowing the rudder to swing freely."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brace"
}
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌdʒən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌjən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gudgeon.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg/En-us-gudgeon.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-gudgeon.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"word": "goodgeon"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"word": "sarana"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "gínglumos",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γίγγλυμος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"word": "csapszeg"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"word": "csapágy"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gustún"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spinotto"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chukbaji",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"word": "축받이"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnōdāx"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "circular or cylindrical fitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zap"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "góndol"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "femellot"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ruderöse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "unteres Ruderscharnier"
}
],
"word": "gudgeon"
}
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Familes: B. = Butidae (sleeper gobies), C. = Cyprinidae (carp etc.), E. = Eleotridae (sleeper gobies), G. = Gobiidae (gobies), Ga. = Galaxiidae, M. = Milyeringidae (blind cave gobies), T. = Thalasseleotrididae desc=Familes rest=B. = Butidae (sleeper gobies), C. = Cyprinidae (carp etc.), E. = Eleotridae (sleeper gobies), G. = Gobiidae (gobies), Ga. = Galaxiidae, M. = Milyeringidae (blind cave gobies), T. = Thalasseleotrididae cls=romanization cls2=other e1=False e2=False",
"path": [
"gudgeon"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gudgeon",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.