See grindan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grynden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: grynden, grinden, grenden\nEnglish: grind\nScots: grynde, grynd, grind\nYola: grieend, griende",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: grynden, grinden, grenden\nEnglish: grind\nScots: grynde, grynd, grind\nYola: grieend, griende"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grij",
"3": "",
"4": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Albanian grij (“to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną. Compare Albanian grij (“to grind”) and grind (“I brawl, wrangle over”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grindan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grinde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grintst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grundon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grinde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grunden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grindende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grunden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġegrunden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grindan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grindan<s3>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to destroy by crushing"
],
"id": "en-grindan-ang-verb-xEPD5gzN",
"links": [
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to grind"
],
"id": "en-grindan-ang-verb-Z7eRVPPd",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrin.dɑn/"
}
],
"word": "grindan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: grindan\nMiddle English: grynden, grinden, grenden\nEnglish: grind\nScots: grynde, grynd, grind\nYola: grieend, griende",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: grindan\nMiddle English: grynden, grinden, grenden\nEnglish: grind\nScots: grynde, grynd, grind\nYola: grieend, griende"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*grinda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *grinda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *grinda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gríende"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: gríende",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: gríende, griene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grindan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grindan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grinden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grinden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grinden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *grindan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *grindan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grinden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: grinden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: grinden, grenden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grinden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: grinden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: grinden"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *grindaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grindan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grindu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grundī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grundum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grundī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grundīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grindandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grundan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*grindan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grindan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grind"
],
"id": "en-grindan-gmw-pro-verb-Z7eRVPPd",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "grindan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 3 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grynden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: grynden, grinden, grenden\nEnglish: grind\nScots: grynde, grynd, grind\nYola: grieend, griende",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: grynden, grinden, grenden\nEnglish: grind\nScots: grynde, grynd, grind\nYola: grieend, griende"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grij",
"3": "",
"4": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Albanian grij (“to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną. Compare Albanian grij (“to grind”) and grind (“I brawl, wrangle over”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grindan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grinde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grintst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grundon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grinde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grunden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grindende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grunden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġegrunden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grindan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grindan<s3>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to destroy by crushing"
],
"links": [
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to grind"
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrin.dɑn/"
}
],
"word": "grindan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: grindan\nMiddle English: grynden, grinden, grenden\nEnglish: grind\nScots: grynde, grynd, grind\nYola: grieend, griende",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: grindan\nMiddle English: grynden, grinden, grenden\nEnglish: grind\nScots: grynde, grynd, grind\nYola: grieend, griende"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*grinda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *grinda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *grinda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gríende"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: gríende",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: gríende, griene"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grindan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grindan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grinden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grinden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grinden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *grindan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *grindan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grinden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: grinden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: grinden, grenden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grinden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: grinden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: grinden"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *grindaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grindan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grindu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grundī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grundum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grundī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grundīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grindēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grundīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grindandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grundan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*grindan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grindan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to grind"
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "grindan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grindan meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.