See gralla on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gralla meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gralla becvermella"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "graller"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gracla",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gracla"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan gralha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gracchia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "grācula",
"4": "",
"5": "female jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French grolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "grāculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin grāculus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish grajo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₂-k-",
"4": "",
"5": "croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "graula"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graula",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gracla (compare Occitan gralha, Italian gracchia), syncopated form of Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”) (compare French grolle), feminine form of Latin grāculus (compare Spanish grajo), from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”). Doublet of graula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gralles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gralla f (plural gralles)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 35 36 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Woodwind instruments",
"orig": "ca:Woodwind instruments",
"parents": [
"Wind instruments",
"Musical instruments",
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)"
],
"id": "en-gralla-ca-noun-oLsaGKkg",
"links": [
[
"Coloeus monedula",
"Coloeus monedula#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 35 36 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Woodwind instruments",
"orig": "ca:Woodwind instruments",
"parents": [
"Wind instruments",
"Musical instruments",
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a double-reed instrument in the shawm family"
],
"id": "en-gralla-ca-noun-JwnAeOlT",
"links": [
[
"double-reed",
"double-reed"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument"
],
[
"shawm",
"shawm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎa]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gralla",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 14 47 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 49 22",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "ca:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 35 36 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Woodwind instruments",
"orig": "ca:Woodwind instruments",
"parents": [
"Wind instruments",
"Musical instruments",
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-gralla-ca-verb-9tKR-EdM",
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 35 36 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Woodwind instruments",
"orig": "ca:Woodwind instruments",
"parents": [
"Wind instruments",
"Musical instruments",
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-gralla-ca-verb-zqv7Prfz",
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎa]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese gralha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "",
"4": "*gracla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gracchia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "grācula",
"4": "",
"5": "female jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French grolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "grāculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin grāculus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish grajo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₂-k-",
"4": "",
"5": "croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese (compare Portuguese gralha), from Vulgar Latin *gracla (compare Italian gracchia), syncopated form of Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”) (compare French grolle), feminine form of Latin grāculus (compare Spanish grajo), from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grallas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gralla f (plural grallas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-noun-mlTG1mtD",
"links": [
[
"jackdaw",
"jackdaw"
],
[
"Coloeus monedula",
"Coloeus monedula#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gralla cereixeira"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rook (Corvus frugilegus)"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-noun-qzlXeWvA",
"links": [
[
"rook",
"rook"
],
[
"Corvus frugilegus",
"Corvus frugilegus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gralla grande"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"squawk"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-noun-RtQ7E7Y-",
"links": [
[
"squawk",
"squawk"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɾaʎa̝/"
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gralla",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 7 39 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 8 39 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "gl:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-verb-9tKR-EdM",
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-verb-zqv7Prfz",
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan doublets",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Late Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Catalan terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"ca:Corvids",
"ca:Woodwind instruments",
"gl:Birds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gralla becvermella"
},
{
"word": "grallar"
},
{
"word": "graller"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gracla",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gracla"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan gralha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gracchia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "grācula",
"4": "",
"5": "female jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French grolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "grāculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin grāculus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish grajo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₂-k-",
"4": "",
"5": "croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "graula"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graula",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gracla (compare Occitan gralha, Italian gracchia), syncopated form of Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”) (compare French grolle), feminine form of Latin grāculus (compare Spanish grajo), from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”). Doublet of graula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gralles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gralla f (plural gralles)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa"
],
"glosses": [
"the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)"
],
"links": [
[
"Coloeus monedula",
"Coloeus monedula#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a double-reed instrument in the shawm family"
],
"links": [
[
"double-reed",
"double-reed"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument"
],
[
"shawm",
"shawm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎa]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"ca:Corvids",
"ca:Woodwind instruments",
"gl:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gralla",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎa]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Late Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Galician terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Galician verb forms",
"gl:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese gralha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "",
"4": "*gracla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gracchia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "grācula",
"4": "",
"5": "female jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French grolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "grāculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin grāculus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish grajo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₂-k-",
"4": "",
"5": "croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese (compare Portuguese gralha), from Vulgar Latin *gracla (compare Italian gracchia), syncopated form of Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”) (compare French grolle), feminine form of Latin grāculus (compare Spanish grajo), from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grallas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gralla f (plural grallas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)"
],
"links": [
[
"jackdaw",
"jackdaw"
],
[
"Coloeus monedula",
"Coloeus monedula#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gralla cereixeira"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rook (Corvus frugilegus)"
],
"links": [
[
"rook",
"rook"
],
[
"Corvus frugilegus",
"Corvus frugilegus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gralla grande"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"squawk"
],
"links": [
[
"squawk",
"squawk"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɾaʎa̝/"
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms",
"gl:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gralla",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.