See gralla on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gralla becvermella"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "graller"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gracla",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gracla"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan gralha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gracchia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "grācula",
"4": "",
"5": "female jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French grolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "grāculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin grāculus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish grajo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₂-k-",
"4": "",
"5": "croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "graula"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graula",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gracla (compare Occitan gralha, Italian gracchia), syncopated form of Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”) (compare French grolle), feminine form of Latin grāculus (compare Spanish grajo), from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”). Doublet of graula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gralles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gralla f (plural gralles)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 7 29 2 13 7 2 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)"
],
"id": "en-gralla-ca-noun-oLsaGKkg",
"links": [
[
"Coloeus monedula",
"Coloeus monedula#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a double-reed instrument in the shawm family"
],
"id": "en-gralla-ca-noun-JwnAeOlT",
"links": [
[
"double-reed",
"double-reed"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument"
],
[
"shawm",
"shawm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎa]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gralla",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 16 56 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 28 3 12 7 3 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 29 2 13 7 2 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 14 58 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "ca:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 31 45 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Woodwind instruments",
"orig": "ca:Woodwind instruments",
"parents": [
"Wind instruments",
"Musical instruments",
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-gralla-ca-verb-rH3-3dR5",
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-gralla-ca-verb-6kzY-Pia",
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎa]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese gralha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "",
"4": "*gracla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gracchia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "grācula",
"4": "",
"5": "female jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French grolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "grāculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin grāculus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish grajo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₂-k-",
"4": "",
"5": "croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese (compare Portuguese gralha), from Vulgar Latin *gracla (compare Italian gracchia), syncopated form of Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”) (compare French grolle), feminine form of Latin grāculus (compare Spanish grajo), from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grallas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gralla f (plural grallas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 7 28 3 12 7 3 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 29 2 13 7 2 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-noun-mlTG1mtD",
"links": [
[
"jackdaw",
"jackdaw"
],
[
"Coloeus monedula",
"Coloeus monedula#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gralla cereixeira"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rook (Corvus frugilegus)"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-noun-qzlXeWvA",
"links": [
[
"rook",
"rook"
],
[
"Corvus frugilegus",
"Corvus frugilegus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gralla grande"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"squawk"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-noun-RtQ7E7Y-",
"links": [
[
"squawk",
"squawk"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɾaʎa̝/"
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gralla",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 7 28 3 12 7 3 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 29 2 13 7 2 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 9 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 10 6 50 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "gl:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-verb-rH3-3dR5",
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-gralla-gl-verb-6kzY-Pia",
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan doublets",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Late Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Catalan terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Corvids",
"ca:Woodwind instruments",
"gl:Birds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gralla becvermella"
},
{
"word": "grallar"
},
{
"word": "graller"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gracla",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gracla"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan gralha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gracchia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "grācula",
"4": "",
"5": "female jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French grolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "grāculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin grāculus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish grajo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₂-k-",
"4": "",
"5": "croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "graula"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graula",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gracla (compare Occitan gralha, Italian gracchia), syncopated form of Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”) (compare French grolle), feminine form of Latin grāculus (compare Spanish grajo), from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”). Doublet of graula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gralles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gralla f (plural gralles)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa"
],
"glosses": [
"the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)"
],
"links": [
[
"Coloeus monedula",
"Coloeus monedula#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a double-reed instrument in the shawm family"
],
"links": [
[
"double-reed",
"double-reed"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument"
],
[
"shawm",
"shawm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎa]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Corvids",
"ca:Woodwind instruments",
"gl:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gralla",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾa.ʎa]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Late Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Galician terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Galician verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"gl:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese gralha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "",
"4": "*gracla"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gracla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gracchia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "grācula",
"4": "",
"5": "female jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French grolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "grāculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin grāculus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish grajo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*greh₂-k-",
"4": "",
"5": "croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese (compare Portuguese gralha), from Vulgar Latin *gracla (compare Italian gracchia), syncopated form of Late Latin grācula (“female jackdaw”) (compare French grolle), feminine form of Latin grāculus (compare Spanish grajo), from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-k- (“croak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grallas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gralla f (plural grallas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)"
],
"links": [
[
"jackdaw",
"jackdaw"
],
[
"Coloeus monedula",
"Coloeus monedula#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gralla cereixeira"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rook (Corvus frugilegus)"
],
"links": [
[
"rook",
"rook"
],
[
"Corvus frugilegus",
"Corvus frugilegus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gralla grande"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"squawk"
],
"links": [
[
"squawk",
"squawk"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɾaʎa̝/"
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"gl:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gralla",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grallar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grallar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"grallar",
"grallar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gralla"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gralla meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.