See geest on Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "de",
"3": "Geest"
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"expansion": "German Geest",
"name": "bor"
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{
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"2": "nds",
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"pos": "adjective",
"t": "dry, infertile"
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "gml",
"3": "gēst",
"lit": "cracking, gaping, yawning",
"t": "dry, elevated"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German gēst (“dry, elevated”, literally “cracking, gaping, yawning”)",
"name": "der"
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"2": "geest"
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"expansion": "Dutch geest",
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gais-",
"4": "",
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”)",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gähnen"
},
"expansion": "German gähnen",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Geest (from Low German güst (“dry, infertile”, adjective), from Middle Low German gēst (“dry, elevated”, literally “cracking, gaping, yawning”)) or Dutch geest (from Middle Dutch geest, from Old Dutch *gēst (“dry, infertile”)), in either case a substantivization of what was initially an adjective, Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”), ultimately probably from *gīnan. See also German gähnen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geests",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"args": {},
"expansion": "geest (plural geests)",
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"lang": "English",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"ref": "1827, Georges Cuvier, translated by Robert Jameson, Essay on the Theory of the Earth:",
"text": "the waves, beating agaiņst the geest, were thence repelled upon the marsch.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of slightly raised landscape, with sandy and gravelly soils, that occurs in the plains of Northern Germany, the Northern Netherlands and Denmark."
],
"id": "en-geest-en-noun-t94zcBO8",
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"sounds": [
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{
"rhymes": "-iːst"
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],
"word": "geest"
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{
"derived": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "begeestigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "berggeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bosgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "de geest geven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "de geest is uit de fles"
},
{
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"word": "droefgeestig"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dwaalgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geest van salmiak"
},
{
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"word": "geestdodend"
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{
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"word": "geestdrift"
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{
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"word": "geestdrijver"
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{
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"word": "geestelijk"
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{
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"word": "geestenbezweerder"
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{
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"word": "geestenwereld"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geesteskind"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geesteskrank"
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{
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"word": "geestesoog"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geesteswetenschap"
},
{
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"word": "geestesziek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestesziekte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestig"
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{
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"word": "geestrijk"
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{
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"word": "geestverschijning"
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{
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"word": "geestverwant"
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"word": "handelsgeest"
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{
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"word": "hellegeest"
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{
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"word": "hemelgeest"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "huisgeest"
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{
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"word": "kleingeestig"
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{
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{
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"word": "koopmansgeest"
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{
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"word": "kruideniersgeest"
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{
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"word": "mensengeest"
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{
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"word": "naargeestig"
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{
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"word": "ondernemingsgeest"
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{
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"word": "plaaggeest"
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "poltergeest"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "teamgeest"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tijdgeest"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "veldgeest"
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{
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"word": "voor de geest halen"
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{
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"word": "vrijgeest"
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{
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"word": "wargeest"
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{
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"word": "watergeest"
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{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "gees"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: gees",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: gees"
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "geest"
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"expansion": "Negerhollands: geest",
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],
"text": "Negerhollands: geest"
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"2": "dum",
"3": "gêest"
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{
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"name": "inh"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"expansion": "West Frisian geast",
"name": "cog"
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{
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"expansion": "English ghost",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gast",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch gêest, from Old Dutch gēst, geist, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd-, *ǵʰisd- (“anger, agitation”).\nCognates\nCognate with German Geist, West Frisian geast, English ghost, Swedish gast.",
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"form": "geesten",
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},
{
"form": "geestje",
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{
"categories": [],
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{
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"text": "Het oude kasteel wordt bewoond door spoken en geesten.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "According to the legend, the spirit of an ancient king still roams around in the castle.",
"text": "Volgens de legende waart de geest van een oude koning nog steeds rond in het kasteel.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do you believe that a genie can reside in a magical lamp?",
"text": "Geloof jij dat er een geest in een wonderlamp kan zitten?",
"type": "example"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-RMNp5FZd",
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[
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"spirit"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He had a confused mind and had difficulty concentrating.",
"text": "Hij had een verwarde geest en kon zich moeilijk concentreren.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The philosopher studied the workings of the mind and consciousness.",
"text": "De filosoof onderzocht de werking van de geest en het bewustzijn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Watching soap operas and listening to sentimental pop ditties is pernicious for the mind.",
"text": "Soaps kijken en smartlappen luisteren is schadelijk voor de geest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mind, mental consciousness"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-KbiWWpPZ",
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"consciousness",
"consciousness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To be successful in sports, a positive mindset is essential.",
"text": "Om succesvol te zijn in de sport, is een positieve geest essentieel.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The team had a winning mentality and never gave up.",
"text": "Het team had een winnende geest en gaf nooit op.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Focusing on enjoying life is part of the modern mindset.",
"text": "Het is in de geest van deze tijd om vooral te genieten van het leven.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mindset, mentality"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-ixXBbf5B",
"links": [
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"mindset"
],
[
"mentality",
"mentality"
]
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"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "According to some cultures, each person has an inner life force that leaves the body at death.",
"text": "Volgens sommige culturen heeft elke persoon een innerlijke geest die het lichaam verlaat bij de dood.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"life force, vital energy"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-f2rrT7DW",
"links": [
[
"life force",
"life force"
]
],
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},
{
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"langcode": "nl",
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],
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"english": "In alchemy, the term spirit is used to refer to the volatile part of a substance.",
"text": "In alchemie wordt de term geest gebruikt om het vluchtige deel van een stof aan te duiden.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"expansion": "German gähnen",
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"expansion": "West Frisian gaast",
"name": "cog"
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"2": "Geest"
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"expansion": "German Geest",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gæsne",
"3": "",
"4": "infertility, poverty"
},
"expansion": "Old English gæsne (“infertility, poverty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gast",
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"4": "waste"
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"expansion": "Old French gast (“waste”)",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gisinn",
"3": "",
"4": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic gisinn (“dry”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch geest, from Old Dutch *gēst, a nominalization of an adjective that meant “dry, infertile”, a derivation of Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”), a root probably meaning \"cracking, breaking, gaping;\" see *gīnan. See also German gähnen.\nCognate to West Frisian gaast, geast (as in the Dutch/Frisian place name Gaasterland) and German Geest (which is borrowed from Low German). Other derivations of *gais- are: Old English gæsne (“infertility, poverty”), Old French gast (“waste”) and Icelandic gisinn (“dry”).",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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{
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "geestgrond"
},
{
"word": "geestland"
},
{
"word": "Adegeest"
},
{
"word": "Boschgeest"
},
{
"word": "De Geest"
},
{
"word": "De Gest"
},
{
"word": "Geesteren"
},
{
"word": "Groot Dorregeest"
},
{
"word": "Grootegast"
},
{
"word": "Klein Dorregeest"
},
{
"word": "Lutjegast"
},
{
"word": "Luttelgeest"
},
{
"word": "Noordgeest"
},
{
"word": "Oegstgeest"
},
{
"word": "Oostergeest"
},
{
"word": "Poelgeest"
},
{
"word": "Uitgeest"
},
{
"word": "Westergeest"
},
{
"word": "Zanegeest"
},
{
"word": "Zuidgeest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heath, heathland"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-nl:heath",
"links": [
[
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"heath"
],
[
"heathland",
"heathland"
]
],
"senseid": [
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],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ɣeːst/"
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{
"audio": "Nl-geest.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache",
"nl:Gaasterland (streek)",
"nl:geest (doorverwijspagina)"
],
"word": "geest"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "geest",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to read poetry",
"word": "gesten"
}
],
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w"
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-geest-enm-verb-kBC8LT3c",
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"gesten#Middle_English:_to_read_poetry"
]
],
"tags": [
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"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "geest"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːst",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "begeestigen"
},
{
"word": "berggeest"
},
{
"word": "bosgeest"
},
{
"word": "de geest geven"
},
{
"word": "de geest is uit de fles"
},
{
"word": "droefgeestig"
},
{
"word": "dwaalgeest"
},
{
"word": "geest van salmiak"
},
{
"word": "geestdodend"
},
{
"word": "geestdrift"
},
{
"word": "geestdrijver"
},
{
"word": "geestelijk"
},
{
"word": "geestenbezweerder"
},
{
"word": "geestenwereld"
},
{
"word": "geesteskind"
},
{
"word": "geesteskrank"
},
{
"word": "geestesoog"
},
{
"word": "geesteswetenschap"
},
{
"word": "geestesziek"
},
{
"word": "geestesziekte"
},
{
"word": "geestig"
},
{
"word": "geestrijk"
},
{
"word": "geestverschijning"
},
{
"word": "geestverwant"
},
{
"word": "handelsgeest"
},
{
"word": "hellegeest"
},
{
"word": "hemelgeest"
},
{
"word": "huisgeest"
},
{
"word": "kleingeestig"
},
{
"word": "klopgeest"
},
{
"word": "koopmansgeest"
},
{
"word": "kruideniersgeest"
},
{
"word": "kwelgeest"
},
{
"word": "mensengeest"
},
{
"word": "naargeestig"
},
{
"word": "ondernemingsgeest"
},
{
"word": "plaaggeest"
},
{
"word": "ploeggeest"
},
{
"word": "poltergeest"
},
{
"word": "teamgeest"
},
{
"word": "tijdgeest"
},
{
"word": "veldgeest"
},
{
"word": "voor de geest halen"
},
{
"word": "vrijgeest"
},
{
"word": "wargeest"
},
{
"word": "watergeest"
},
{
"word": "zwaardgeest"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gees"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: gees",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: gees"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "geest"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: geest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: geest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "gêest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch gêest",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gēst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gēst",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gaist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gaist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gaistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaistaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeysd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geist"
},
"expansion": "German Geist",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "geast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian geast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ghost"
},
"expansion": "English ghost",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gast",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch gêest, from Old Dutch gēst, geist, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd-, *ǵʰisd- (“anger, agitation”).\nCognates\nCognate with German Geist, West Frisian geast, English ghost, Swedish gast.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geesten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geestje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "geest m (plural geesten, diminutive geestje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"geest"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The old castle is inhabited by ghosts and spirits.",
"text": "Het oude kasteel wordt bewoond door spoken en geesten.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "According to the legend, the spirit of an ancient king still roams around in the castle.",
"text": "Volgens de legende waart de geest van een oude koning nog steeds rond in het kasteel.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do you believe that a genie can reside in a magical lamp?",
"text": "Geloof jij dat er een geest in een wonderlamp kan zitten?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ghost, spirit, immaterial being"
],
"links": [
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He had a confused mind and had difficulty concentrating.",
"text": "Hij had een verwarde geest en kon zich moeilijk concentreren.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The philosopher studied the workings of the mind and consciousness.",
"text": "De filosoof onderzocht de werking van de geest en het bewustzijn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Watching soap operas and listening to sentimental pop ditties is pernicious for the mind.",
"text": "Soaps kijken en smartlappen luisteren is schadelijk voor de geest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mind, mental consciousness"
],
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"consciousness",
"consciousness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To be successful in sports, a positive mindset is essential.",
"text": "Om succesvol te zijn in de sport, is een positieve geest essentieel.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The team had a winning mentality and never gave up.",
"text": "Het team had een winnende geest en gaf nooit op.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Focusing on enjoying life is part of the modern mindset.",
"text": "Het is in de geest van deze tijd om vooral te genieten van het leven.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mindset, mentality"
],
"links": [
[
"mindset",
"mindset"
],
[
"mentality",
"mentality"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "According to some cultures, each person has an inner life force that leaves the body at death.",
"text": "Volgens sommige culturen heeft elke persoon een innerlijke geest die het lichaam verlaat bij de dood.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"life force, vital energy"
],
"links": [
[
"life force",
"life force"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"nl:Alchemy"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In alchemy, the term spirit is used to refer to the volatile part of a substance.",
"text": "In alchemie wordt de term geest gebruikt om het vluchtige deel van een stof aan te duiden.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spirit, gas, distillate, essence"
],
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"gas",
"gas"
],
[
"distillate",
"distillate"
],
[
"essence",
"essence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy) spirit, gas, distillate, essence"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣeːst/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-geest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg/Nl-geest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:geest (doorverwijspagina)"
],
"word": "geest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːst",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "geestgrond"
},
{
"word": "geestland"
},
{
"word": "Adegeest"
},
{
"word": "Boschgeest"
},
{
"word": "De Geest"
},
{
"word": "De Gest"
},
{
"word": "Geesteren"
},
{
"word": "Groot Dorregeest"
},
{
"word": "Grootegast"
},
{
"word": "Klein Dorregeest"
},
{
"word": "Lutjegast"
},
{
"word": "Luttelgeest"
},
{
"word": "Noordgeest"
},
{
"word": "Oegstgeest"
},
{
"word": "Oostergeest"
},
{
"word": "Poelgeest"
},
{
"word": "Uitgeest"
},
{
"word": "Westergeest"
},
{
"word": "Zanegeest"
},
{
"word": "Zuidgeest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "geest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch geest",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*gēst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *gēst",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nominalization"
},
"expansion": "nominalization",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gais-",
"4": "",
"5": "infertile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gähnen"
},
"expansion": "German gähnen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gaast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian gaast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geest"
},
"expansion": "German Geest",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gæsne",
"3": "",
"4": "infertility, poverty"
},
"expansion": "Old English gæsne (“infertility, poverty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gast",
"3": "",
"4": "waste"
},
"expansion": "Old French gast (“waste”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gisinn",
"3": "",
"4": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic gisinn (“dry”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch geest, from Old Dutch *gēst, a nominalization of an adjective that meant “dry, infertile”, a derivation of Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”), a root probably meaning \"cracking, breaking, gaping;\" see *gīnan. See also German gähnen.\nCognate to West Frisian gaast, geast (as in the Dutch/Frisian place name Gaasterland) and German Geest (which is borrowed from Low German). Other derivations of *gais- are: Old English gæsne (“infertility, poverty”), Old French gast (“waste”) and Icelandic gisinn (“dry”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geesten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geestje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "geest m (plural geesten, diminutive geestje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"geest"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"heath, heathland"
],
"links": [
[
"heath",
"heath"
],
[
"heathland",
"heathland"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nl:heath"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣeːst/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-geest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg/Nl-geest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache",
"nl:Gaasterland (streek)",
"nl:geest (doorverwijspagina)"
],
"word": "geest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Geest"
},
"expansion": "German Geest",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nds",
"3": "güst",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "dry, infertile"
},
"expansion": "Low German güst (“dry, infertile”, adjective)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "gēst",
"lit": "cracking, gaping, yawning",
"t": "dry, elevated"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German gēst (“dry, elevated”, literally “cracking, gaping, yawning”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "geest"
},
"expansion": "Dutch geest",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "geest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch geest",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gēst",
"3": "",
"4": "dry, infertile"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *gēst (“dry, infertile”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gais-",
"4": "",
"5": "infertile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gähnen"
},
"expansion": "German gähnen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Geest (from Low German güst (“dry, infertile”, adjective), from Middle Low German gēst (“dry, elevated”, literally “cracking, gaping, yawning”)) or Dutch geest (from Middle Dutch geest, from Old Dutch *gēst (“dry, infertile”)), in either case a substantivization of what was initially an adjective, Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”), ultimately probably from *gīnan. See also German gähnen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geests",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "geest (plural geests)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Low German",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Rhymes:English/iːst",
"Rhymes:English/iːst/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1827, Georges Cuvier, translated by Robert Jameson, Essay on the Theory of the Earth:",
"text": "the waves, beating agaiņst the geest, were thence repelled upon the marsch.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of slightly raised landscape, with sandy and gravelly soils, that occurs in the plains of Northern Germany, the Northern Netherlands and Denmark."
],
"links": [
[
"Germany",
"Germany"
],
[
"Netherlands",
"Netherlands"
],
[
"Denmark",
"Denmark"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡiːst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːst"
}
],
"word": "geest"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "geest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to read poetry",
"word": "gesten"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gesten (“to read poetry”)"
],
"links": [
[
"gesten",
"gesten#Middle_English:_to_read_poetry"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "geest"
}
Download raw JSONL data for geest meaning in All languages combined (14.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.