See geest in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "begeestigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "berggeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bosgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "de geest geven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "de geest is uit de fles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droefgeestig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dwaalgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geest van salmiak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestdodend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestdrift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestdrijver"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestenbezweerder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestenwereld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geesteskind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geesteskrank"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestesoog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geesteswetenschap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestesziek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestesziekte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestrijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestverschijning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "geestverwant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "handelsgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hellegeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hemelgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "huisgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kleingeestig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "klopgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "koopmansgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruideniersgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kwelgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mensengeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "naargeestig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ondernemingsgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "plaaggeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ploeggeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "poltergeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "teamgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tijdgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "veldgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "voor de geest halen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vrijgeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wargeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "watergeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zwaardgeest"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "gees"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "geest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "gêest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch gêest",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gēst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gēst",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gaist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gaist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gaistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaistaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeysd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geist"
},
"expansion": "German Geist",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "geast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian geast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ghost"
},
"expansion": "English ghost",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gast",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch gêest, from Old Dutch gēst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd-, *ǵʰisd- (“anger, agitation”).\nCognates\nCognate with German Geist, West Frisian geast, English ghost, Swedish gast.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geesten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geestje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "geest m (plural geesten, diminutive geestje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"geest"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
53
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
42,
49
]
],
"english": "The old castle is inhabited by ghosts and spirits.",
"text": "Het oude kasteel wordt bewoond door spoken en geesten.",
"translation": "The old castle is inhabited by ghosts and spirits.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ghost, spirit, immaterial being"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-RMNp5FZd",
"links": [
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "He had a confused mind and had difficulty concentrating.",
"text": "Hij had een verwarde geest en kon zich moeilijk concentreren.",
"translation": "He had a confused mind and had difficulty concentrating.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mind, mental consciousness"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-KbiWWpPZ",
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"consciousness",
"consciousness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
48,
55
]
],
"english": "Focusing on enjoying life is part of the modern mindset.",
"text": "Het is in de geest van deze tijd om vooral te genieten van het leven.",
"translation": "Focusing on enjoying life is part of the modern mindset.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mindset, mentality"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-ixXBbf5B",
"links": [
[
"mindset",
"mindset"
],
[
"mentality",
"mentality"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"life force, vital energy"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-f2rrT7DW",
"links": [
[
"life force",
"life force"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "nl:Alchemy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"english": "In alchemy, the term spirit is used to refer to the volatile part of a substance.",
"text": "In alchemie wordt de term geest gebruikt om het vluchtige deel van een stof aan te duiden.",
"translation": "In alchemy, the term spirit is used to refer to the volatile part of a substance.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spirit, gas, distillate, essence"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-nMaqTmPv",
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"gas",
"gas"
],
[
"distillate",
"distillate"
],
[
"essence",
"essence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy) spirit, gas, distillate, essence"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣeːst/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-geest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg/Nl-geest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːst"
}
],
"word": "geest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "geest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch geest",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*gēst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *gēst",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nominalization"
},
"expansion": "nominalization",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gais-",
"4": "",
"5": "infertile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gähnen"
},
"expansion": "German gähnen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gaast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian gaast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geest"
},
"expansion": "German Geest",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gæsne",
"3": "",
"4": "infertility, poverty"
},
"expansion": "Old English gæsne (“infertility, poverty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gast",
"3": "",
"4": "waste"
},
"expansion": "Old French gast (“waste”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gisinn",
"3": "",
"4": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic gisinn (“dry”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch geest, from Old Dutch *gēst, a nominalization of an adjective that meant “dry, infertile”, a derivation of Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”), a root probably meaning \"cracking, breaking, gaping;\" see *gīnan. See also German gähnen.\nCognate to West Frisian gaast, geast (as in the Dutch/Frisian place name Gaasterland) and German Geest (which is borrowed from Low German). Other derivations of *gais- are: Old English gæsne (“infertility, poverty”), Old French gast (“waste”) and Icelandic gisinn (“dry”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geesten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geestje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "geest m (plural geesten, diminutive geestje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"geest"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 10 6 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 13 6 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 8 4 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "geestgrond"
},
{
"word": "geestland"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Adegeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Boschgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "De Geest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "De Gest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Geesteren"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Groot Dorregeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Grootegast"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Klein Dorregeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Lutjegast"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Luttelgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Noordgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Oegstgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Oostergeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Poelgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Uitgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Westergeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Zanegeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Zuidgeest"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heath, heathland"
],
"id": "en-geest-nl-noun-nl:heath",
"links": [
[
"heath",
"heath"
],
[
"heathland",
"heathland"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nl:heath"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣeːst/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-geest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg/Nl-geest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache",
"nl:Gaasterland (streek)"
],
"word": "geest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːst",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "begeestigen"
},
{
"word": "berggeest"
},
{
"word": "bosgeest"
},
{
"word": "de geest geven"
},
{
"word": "de geest is uit de fles"
},
{
"word": "droefgeestig"
},
{
"word": "dwaalgeest"
},
{
"word": "geest van salmiak"
},
{
"word": "geestdodend"
},
{
"word": "geestdrift"
},
{
"word": "geestdrijver"
},
{
"word": "geestelijk"
},
{
"word": "geestenbezweerder"
},
{
"word": "geestenwereld"
},
{
"word": "geesteskind"
},
{
"word": "geesteskrank"
},
{
"word": "geestesoog"
},
{
"word": "geesteswetenschap"
},
{
"word": "geestesziek"
},
{
"word": "geestesziekte"
},
{
"word": "geestig"
},
{
"word": "geestrijk"
},
{
"word": "geestverschijning"
},
{
"word": "geestverwant"
},
{
"word": "handelsgeest"
},
{
"word": "hellegeest"
},
{
"word": "hemelgeest"
},
{
"word": "huisgeest"
},
{
"word": "kleingeestig"
},
{
"word": "klopgeest"
},
{
"word": "koopmansgeest"
},
{
"word": "kruideniersgeest"
},
{
"word": "kwelgeest"
},
{
"word": "mensengeest"
},
{
"word": "naargeestig"
},
{
"word": "ondernemingsgeest"
},
{
"word": "plaaggeest"
},
{
"word": "ploeggeest"
},
{
"word": "poltergeest"
},
{
"word": "teamgeest"
},
{
"word": "tijdgeest"
},
{
"word": "veldgeest"
},
{
"word": "voor de geest halen"
},
{
"word": "vrijgeest"
},
{
"word": "wargeest"
},
{
"word": "watergeest"
},
{
"word": "zwaardgeest"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "gees"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "geest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "gêest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch gêest",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gēst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gēst",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gaist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gaist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gaistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaistaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeysd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geist"
},
"expansion": "German Geist",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "geast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian geast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ghost"
},
"expansion": "English ghost",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gast",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch gêest, from Old Dutch gēst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd-, *ǵʰisd- (“anger, agitation”).\nCognates\nCognate with German Geist, West Frisian geast, English ghost, Swedish gast.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geesten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geestje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "geest m (plural geesten, diminutive geestje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"geest"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
53
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
42,
49
]
],
"english": "The old castle is inhabited by ghosts and spirits.",
"text": "Het oude kasteel wordt bewoond door spoken en geesten.",
"translation": "The old castle is inhabited by ghosts and spirits.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ghost, spirit, immaterial being"
],
"links": [
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "He had a confused mind and had difficulty concentrating.",
"text": "Hij had een verwarde geest en kon zich moeilijk concentreren.",
"translation": "He had a confused mind and had difficulty concentrating.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mind, mental consciousness"
],
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"consciousness",
"consciousness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
48,
55
]
],
"english": "Focusing on enjoying life is part of the modern mindset.",
"text": "Het is in de geest van deze tijd om vooral te genieten van het leven.",
"translation": "Focusing on enjoying life is part of the modern mindset.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mindset, mentality"
],
"links": [
[
"mindset",
"mindset"
],
[
"mentality",
"mentality"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"life force, vital energy"
],
"links": [
[
"life force",
"life force"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"nl:Alchemy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"english": "In alchemy, the term spirit is used to refer to the volatile part of a substance.",
"text": "In alchemie wordt de term geest gebruikt om het vluchtige deel van een stof aan te duiden.",
"translation": "In alchemy, the term spirit is used to refer to the volatile part of a substance.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spirit, gas, distillate, essence"
],
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"gas",
"gas"
],
[
"distillate",
"distillate"
],
[
"essence",
"essence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy) spirit, gas, distillate, essence"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣeːst/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-geest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg/Nl-geest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːst"
}
],
"word": "geest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːst",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "geestgrond"
},
{
"word": "geestland"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Adegeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Boschgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "De Geest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "De Gest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Geesteren"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Groot Dorregeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Grootegast"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Klein Dorregeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Lutjegast"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Luttelgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Noordgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Oegstgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Oostergeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Poelgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Uitgeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Westergeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Zanegeest"
},
{
"sense": "toponyms",
"word": "Zuidgeest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "geest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch geest",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*gēst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *gēst",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nominalization"
},
"expansion": "nominalization",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gais-",
"4": "",
"5": "infertile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gähnen"
},
"expansion": "German gähnen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gaast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian gaast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geest"
},
"expansion": "German Geest",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gæsne",
"3": "",
"4": "infertility, poverty"
},
"expansion": "Old English gæsne (“infertility, poverty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gast",
"3": "",
"4": "waste"
},
"expansion": "Old French gast (“waste”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gisinn",
"3": "",
"4": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic gisinn (“dry”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch geest, from Old Dutch *gēst, a nominalization of an adjective that meant “dry, infertile”, a derivation of Proto-Germanic *gais- (“infertile”), a root probably meaning \"cracking, breaking, gaping;\" see *gīnan. See also German gähnen.\nCognate to West Frisian gaast, geast (as in the Dutch/Frisian place name Gaasterland) and German Geest (which is borrowed from Low German). Other derivations of *gais- are: Old English gæsne (“infertility, poverty”), Old French gast (“waste”) and Icelandic gisinn (“dry”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geesten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geestje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "geest m (plural geesten, diminutive geestje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"geest"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"heath, heathland"
],
"links": [
[
"heath",
"heath"
],
[
"heathland",
"heathland"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nl:heath"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣeːst/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-geest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg/Nl-geest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Nl-geest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache",
"nl:Gaasterland (streek)"
],
"word": "geest"
}
Download raw JSONL data for geest meaning in Dutch (10.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.