See frenum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for frenum meaning in All languages combined (14.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "frēnum",
"4": "",
"5": "bridle, curb, bit"
},
"expansion": "Latin frēnum (“bridle, curb, bit”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin frēnum (“bridle, curb, bit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frena",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frenums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frena",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "frenum (plural frena or frenums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal tissues",
"orig": "en:Animal tissues",
"parents": [
"Tissues",
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "frenal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of frenulum."
],
"id": "en-frenum-en-noun-oqdc19Rh",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"frenulum",
"frenulum#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Synonym of frenulum."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "frenulum"
},
{
"word": "fraenum"
},
{
"tags": [
"hypercorrect",
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "frænum"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɹiː.nəm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːnəm"
}
],
"word": "frenum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "effrēnis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "effrēnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēniger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēnulum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "infrēnis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "infrēnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "frãn",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: frãn, fãrnu, frãnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: frãn, fãrnu, frãnu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "frână",
"3": "frâu"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: frână, frâu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: frână, frâu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "freno"
},
"expansion": "Italian: freno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: freno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frein"
},
"expansion": "Old French: frein\nFrench: frein",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: frein\nFrench: frein"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fre"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: fre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: fre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "fren"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: fren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: fren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "frẽo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: frẽo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: frẽo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "freo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: freo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: freo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "freio"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: freio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: freio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "freno"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: freno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: freno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "preno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bikol Central: preno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bikol Central: preno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "preno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cebuano: preno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cebuano: preno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "preno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tagalog: preno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tagalog: preno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "fren"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: fren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: fren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "frain",
"3": "frein",
"4": "fragn"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: frain, frein, fragn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: frain, frein, fragn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "frenu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: frenu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: frenu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "frenu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: frenu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: frenu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "fren"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: fren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: fren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "fre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: fre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: fre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*fruɨn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "fruin"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: fruin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: fruin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ffrwyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: ffrwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: ffrwyn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ffrwyn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ffrwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ffrwyn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frenum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: frenum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: frenum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "srían",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: srían\nMiddle Irish: srían\nIrish: srian\nScottish Gaelic: srian\nManx: streean",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: srían\nMiddle Irish: srían\nIrish: srian\nScottish Gaelic: srian\nManx: streean"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*frēnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *frēnom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferē"
},
"expansion": "ferē",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fermē"
},
"expansion": "fermē",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus"
},
"expansion": "firmus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frēnum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frēnum<2>"
},
"expansion": "frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((frēnum<2>,frēnī<2.pl>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēnātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēnātor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 15 24 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 17 23 4 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "la:Horse tack",
"parents": [
"Animal riding",
"Horses",
"Tools",
"Transport",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Fundamental",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Golden bridles do not make a better horse.",
"ref": "65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca Minor, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Epistle XLI",
"text": "Nōn faciunt meliōrem equum aureī frēnī."
},
{
"english": "to reverse the direction of horses by the bridle",
"text": "circumagere frēnīs equōs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to add the bridles to the horses",
"text": "addere frēna equīs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bridle, harness, curb, bit"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-kxXs8SPz",
"links": [
[
"bridle",
"bridle"
],
[
"harness",
"harness"
],
[
"curb",
"curb"
],
[
"bit",
"bit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 15 24 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 17 23 4 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "la:Horse tack",
"parents": [
"Animal riding",
"Horses",
"Tools",
"Transport",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Fundamental",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"means of guiding or governing; restraint, check, limit"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-Oz8xKuMX",
"links": [
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"guiding",
"guide"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
],
[
"restraint",
"restraint"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"means of guiding or governing; restraint, check, limit"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 15 24 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 17 23 4 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "la:Horse tack",
"parents": [
"Animal riding",
"Horses",
"Tools",
"Transport",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Fundamental",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horse, steed, charger"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-WR6I4TAM",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"steed",
"steed"
],
[
"charger",
"charger"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(poetic) horse, steed, charger"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 15 24 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that which holds things together; band"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-kOcno26b",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"band",
"band"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in general):",
"(post-classical, rare) that which holds things together; band"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 28 7 3 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 24 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 17 23 4 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "la:Horse tack",
"parents": [
"Animal riding",
"Horses",
"Tools",
"Transport",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Fundamental",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-Au464AJB",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"ligament",
"ligament"
],
[
"foreskin",
"foreskin"
],
[
"glans",
"glans"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in general):",
"(anatomy) ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfreː.num/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfreːnʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfre.num/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfrɛːnum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "frenum"
}
{
"categories": [
"la:Horse tack"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "frenal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "frēnum",
"4": "",
"5": "bridle, curb, bit"
},
"expansion": "Latin frēnum (“bridle, curb, bit”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin frēnum (“bridle, curb, bit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frena",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frenums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frena",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "frenum (plural frena or frenums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/iːnəm",
"Rhymes:English/iːnəm/2 syllables",
"en:Anatomy",
"en:Animal tissues"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of frenulum."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"frenulum",
"frenulum#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Synonym of frenulum."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "frenulum"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɹiː.nəm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːnəm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fraenum"
},
{
"tags": [
"hypercorrect",
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "frænum"
}
],
"word": "frenum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Horse tack"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "effrēnis"
},
{
"word": "effrēnus"
},
{
"word": "frēniger"
},
{
"word": "frēnulum"
},
{
"word": "frēnō"
},
{
"word": "infrēnis"
},
{
"word": "infrēnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "frãn",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: frãn, fãrnu, frãnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: frãn, fãrnu, frãnu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "frână",
"3": "frâu"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: frână, frâu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: frână, frâu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "freno"
},
"expansion": "Italian: freno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: freno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frein"
},
"expansion": "Old French: frein\nFrench: frein",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: frein\nFrench: frein"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fre"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: fre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: fre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "fren"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: fren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: fren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "frẽo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: frẽo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: frẽo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "freo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: freo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: freo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "freio"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: freio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: freio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "freno"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: freno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: freno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "preno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bikol Central: preno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bikol Central: preno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "preno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cebuano: preno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cebuano: preno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "preno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tagalog: preno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tagalog: preno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "fren"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: fren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: fren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "frain",
"3": "frein",
"4": "fragn"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: frain, frein, fragn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: frain, frein, fragn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "frenu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: frenu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: frenu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "frenu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: frenu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: frenu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "fren"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: fren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: fren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "fre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: fre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: fre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*fruɨn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "fruin"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: fruin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: fruin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ffrwyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: ffrwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: ffrwyn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ffrwyn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ffrwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ffrwyn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frenum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: frenum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: frenum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "srían",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: srían\nMiddle Irish: srían\nIrish: srian\nScottish Gaelic: srian\nManx: streean",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: srían\nMiddle Irish: srían\nIrish: srian\nScottish Gaelic: srian\nManx: streean"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*frēnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *frēnom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferē"
},
"expansion": "ferē",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fermē"
},
"expansion": "fermē",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus"
},
"expansion": "firmus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frēnum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frēnum<2>"
},
"expansion": "frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((frēnum<2>,frēnī<2.pl>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fermē"
},
{
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"word": "frēnātiō"
},
{
"word": "frēnātor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Golden bridles do not make a better horse.",
"ref": "65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca Minor, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Epistle XLI",
"text": "Nōn faciunt meliōrem equum aureī frēnī."
},
{
"english": "to reverse the direction of horses by the bridle",
"text": "circumagere frēnīs equōs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to add the bridles to the horses",
"text": "addere frēna equīs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bridle, harness, curb, bit"
],
"links": [
[
"bridle",
"bridle"
],
[
"harness",
"harness"
],
[
"curb",
"curb"
],
[
"bit",
"bit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"means of guiding or governing; restraint, check, limit"
],
"links": [
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"guiding",
"guide"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
],
[
"restraint",
"restraint"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"means of guiding or governing; restraint, check, limit"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"horse, steed, charger"
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"steed",
"steed"
],
[
"charger",
"charger"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(poetic) horse, steed, charger"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with rare senses",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"that which holds things together; band"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"band",
"band"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in general):",
"(post-classical, rare) that which holds things together; band"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"ligament",
"ligament"
],
[
"foreskin",
"foreskin"
],
[
"glans",
"glans"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in general):",
"(anatomy) ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfreː.num/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfreːnʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfre.num/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfrɛːnum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "frenum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.