See frenum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "effrēnis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "effrēnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēniger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēnulum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "infrēnis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "infrēnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "frãn"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "fãrnu"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "frãnu"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "frână"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "frâu"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-eas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "freno"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "frenu"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "roa-itd"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "fren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "frein"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "frein"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "frein"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "frein"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "frein"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "frain"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "fren"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "frain"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "frein"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "fragn"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-rhe"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Rhaetian",
"lang_code": "roa-grh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fre"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fren"
}
],
"lang": "Occitano-Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-ocr"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-gar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "freo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "freio"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "frẽo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "freno"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-ibe"
}
],
"lang": "Western Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-wes"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Western Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-iwr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "frenu"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-sou"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fre"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frenum"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "freno"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "ffrwyn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "frwyn"
}
],
"lang": "Old Welsh",
"lang_code": "owl",
"word": "fruinn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*fruɨn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "srian"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "srian"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "streean"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "srían"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "srían"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*frēnom<ety:der<itc-pro:<alt:*θrēnom><ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*dʰr-eh₁-nom><ety:der<ine-pro:*dʰer->>>>>>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom\nProto-Italic *θrēnomder.\nProto-Italic *frēnom\nLatin frenum\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θrēnom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰr-eh₁-nom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰer-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frēnom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frenum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"frenum\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*frēnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *frēnom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom\nProto-Italic *θrēnomder.\nProto-Italic *frēnom\nLatin frenum\nFrom Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frēnum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"links": [
[
"frēnī",
"freni"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"links": [
[
"frēnum",
"frenum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"links": [
[
"frēna",
"frena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"links": [
[
"frēnī",
"freni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"links": [
[
"frēnī",
"freni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnōrum",
"links": [
[
"frēnōrum",
"frenorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnō",
"links": [
[
"frēnō",
"freno#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnīs",
"links": [
[
"frēnīs",
"frenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"links": [
[
"frēnum",
"frenum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"links": [
[
"frēna",
"frena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnōs",
"links": [
[
"frēnōs",
"frenos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnō",
"links": [
[
"frēnō",
"freno#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnīs",
"links": [
[
"frēnīs",
"frenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"links": [
[
"frēnum",
"frenum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"links": [
[
"frēna",
"frena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"links": [
[
"frēnī",
"freni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frēnum<2>"
},
"expansion": "frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((frēnum<2>,frēnī<2.pl>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēnātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frēnātor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 16 20 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Golden bridles do not make a better horse.",
"ref": "65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca Minor, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Epistle XLI",
"text": "Nōn faciunt meliōrem equum aureī frēnī.",
"translation": "Golden bridles do not make a better horse.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
35,
48
]
],
"english": "to reverse the direction of horses by the bridle",
"text": "circumagere frēnīs equōs",
"translation": "to reverse the direction of horses by the bridle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"english": "to add the bridles to the horses",
"text": "addere frēna equīs",
"translation": "to add the bridles to the horses",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bridle, harness, curb, bit"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-kxXs8SPz",
"links": [
[
"bridle",
"bridle"
],
[
"harness",
"harness"
],
[
"curb",
"curb"
],
[
"bit",
"bit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 8 18 2 6 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 16 20 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"means of guiding or governing; restraint, check, limit"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-Oz8xKuMX",
"links": [
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"guiding",
"guide"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
],
[
"restraint",
"restraint"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"means of guiding or governing; restraint, check, limit"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "habēna"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 16 20 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 1 81 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "la:Horse tack",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horse, steed, charger"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-WR6I4TAM",
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"steed",
"steed"
],
[
"charger",
"charger"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(poetic) horse, steed, charger"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 16 20 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that which holds things together; band"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-kOcno26b",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"band",
"band"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in general):",
"(post-classical, rare) that which holds things together; band"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 18 2 6 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 5 9 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 25 4 4 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 9 4 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 16 20 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans"
],
"id": "en-frenum-la-noun-Au464AJB",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"ligament",
"ligament"
],
[
"foreskin",
"foreskin"
],
[
"glans",
"glans"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in general):",
"(anatomy) ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfreː.nũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfrɛː.num]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "frenum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"la:Horse tack"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "effrēnis"
},
{
"word": "effrēnus"
},
{
"word": "frēniger"
},
{
"word": "frēnō"
},
{
"word": "frēnulum"
},
{
"word": "infrēnis"
},
{
"word": "infrēnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "frãn"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "fãrnu"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "frãnu"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "frână"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "frâu"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-eas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "freno"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "frenu"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "roa-itd"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "fren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "frein"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "frein"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "frein"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "frein"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "frein"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "frain"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "fren"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "frain"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "frein"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "fragn"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-rhe"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Rhaetian",
"lang_code": "roa-grh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fre"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fren"
}
],
"lang": "Occitano-Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-ocr"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-gar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "freo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "freio"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "frẽo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "freno"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-ibe"
}
],
"lang": "Western Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-wes"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Western Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-iwr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "frenu"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Romance",
"lang_code": "roa-sou"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fre"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frenum"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "freno"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "ffrwyn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "frwyn"
}
],
"lang": "Old Welsh",
"lang_code": "owl",
"word": "fruinn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*fruɨn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "srian"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "srian"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "streean"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "srían"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "srían"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*frēnom<ety:der<itc-pro:<alt:*θrēnom><ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*dʰr-eh₁-nom><ety:der<ine-pro:*dʰer->>>>>>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom\nProto-Italic *θrēnomder.\nProto-Italic *frēnom\nLatin frenum\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θrēnom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰr-eh₁-nom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰer-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frēnom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frenum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"frenum\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*frēnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *frēnom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom\nProto-Italic *θrēnomder.\nProto-Italic *frēnom\nLatin frenum\nFrom Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frēnum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"links": [
[
"frēnī",
"freni"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"links": [
[
"frēnum",
"frenum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"links": [
[
"frēna",
"frena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"links": [
[
"frēnī",
"freni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"links": [
[
"frēnī",
"freni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnōrum",
"links": [
[
"frēnōrum",
"frenorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnō",
"links": [
[
"frēnō",
"freno#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnīs",
"links": [
[
"frēnīs",
"frenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"links": [
[
"frēnum",
"frenum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"links": [
[
"frēna",
"frena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnōs",
"links": [
[
"frēnōs",
"frenos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnō",
"links": [
[
"frēnō",
"freno#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnīs",
"links": [
[
"frēnīs",
"frenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnum",
"links": [
[
"frēnum",
"frenum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frēna",
"links": [
[
"frēna",
"frena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "frēnī",
"links": [
[
"frēnī",
"freni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frēnum<2>"
},
"expansion": "frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((frēnum<2>,frēnī<2.pl>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"word": "fermē"
},
{
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"word": "frēnātiō"
},
{
"word": "frēnātor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Golden bridles do not make a better horse.",
"ref": "65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca Minor, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Epistle XLI",
"text": "Nōn faciunt meliōrem equum aureī frēnī.",
"translation": "Golden bridles do not make a better horse.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
35,
48
]
],
"english": "to reverse the direction of horses by the bridle",
"text": "circumagere frēnīs equōs",
"translation": "to reverse the direction of horses by the bridle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"english": "to add the bridles to the horses",
"text": "addere frēna equīs",
"translation": "to add the bridles to the horses",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bridle, harness, curb, bit"
],
"links": [
[
"bridle",
"bridle"
],
[
"harness",
"harness"
],
[
"curb",
"curb"
],
[
"bit",
"bit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"means of guiding or governing; restraint, check, limit"
],
"links": [
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"guiding",
"guide"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
],
[
"restraint",
"restraint"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"means of guiding or governing; restraint, check, limit"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "habēna"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"horse, steed, charger"
],
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"steed",
"steed"
],
[
"charger",
"charger"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(poetic) horse, steed, charger"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with rare senses",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"that which holds things together; band"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"band",
"band"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in general):",
"(post-classical, rare) that which holds things together; band"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"ligament",
"ligament"
],
[
"foreskin",
"foreskin"
],
[
"glans",
"glans"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in general):",
"(anatomy) ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfreː.nũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfrɛː.num]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "frenum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for frenum meaning in Latin (11.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.