See exoskeleton on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "endoskeleton"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "exoskeletal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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}
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"3": "skeleton"
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"etymology_text": "From exo- + skeleton.",
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{
"form": "exoskeletons",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
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{
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"pos": "noun",
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"word": "carapace"
}
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"ref": "1903 January 17, A[rchibald] B[yron] Macallum, “The Palæochemistry of the Ocean in Relation to Animal and Vegetable Protoplasm”, in Transactions of the Canadian Institute, volume VII, Toronto, Ont.: […] for the Canadian Institute by Murray Printing Company, published 1904, section IV (The Composition of the Primeval Ocean), page 551:",
"text": "This is the case not only with all forms provided with exoskeleta and endoskeleta, into the composition of which lime largely enters, but also with those which exercise the precipitating effect on the calcium salts they absorb from sea water, the precipitation rarely going so far as to form a distinct deposit in the cells or tissues of the organism.",
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"text": "Ordinarily, allergy to animals is due to either their fine dander which becomes aerosolized or to the exoskeleta, pupae, or feces of their ectoparasites.",
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"text": "After separation, the next generation of daughters resumes the photosynthetic fixation (reduction) of carbon, the sequestration of phosphorus, nitrogen, and mineral nutrients (up to a score), and the synthesis of the proteins that will contribute to the generational doubling of biomass. Structures such as flagella, scales, and exoskeleta also have to be reallocated or copied.",
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"ref": "2024 February 21, Philip Haigh, “Network News: New platforms and bridge to transform Darlington”, in RAIL, number 1003, page 12:",
"text": "Drawings supplied with NR's council application show a bridge with an exoskeleton that repeats some of the angles of Hitachi's '800' series trains which LNER and TransPennine Express run through the station.",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A hard outer structure that provides both structure and protection to creatures such as insects and Crustacea."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-exoskeleton-en-noun-yF5EMKqL",
"links": [
[
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[
"hard",
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[
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[
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[
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"(anatomy) A hard outer structure that provides both structure and protection to creatures such as insects and Crustacea."
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "huidskelet"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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"roman": "haykal ḵārijiyy",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "هَيْكَل خَارِجِيّ"
},
{
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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},
{
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"masculine"
],
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},
{
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"word": "ezrelegenn"
},
{
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"masculine"
],
"word": "exosquelet"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wàigǔgé",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "外骨骼"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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],
"word": "exoskelet"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eo",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "eksoskeleto"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "välisskelett"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "et",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "eksoskelett"
},
{
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "ulkoinen tukiranka"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exosquelette"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Exoskelett"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "exoskeletós",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εξωσκελετός"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "(külső/viselhető/hordható) robotváz"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
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{
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"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "exoskeleto"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "rangka luar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "eksoskeleton"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "it",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esoscheletro"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"alt": "がいこっかく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gaikokkaku",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "外骨格"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ko",
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"roman": "oegolgyeok",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "외골격"
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{
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "angawaho"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szkielet zewnętrzny"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
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"masculine"
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"word": "egzoszkielet"
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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"word": "zunanji skelet"
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
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"_dis1": "95 5",
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"_dis1": "95 5",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "kalansay-panlabas"
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "dış iskelet"
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"_dis1": "95 5",
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"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "bộ xương ngoài"
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"Terms with Mandarin translations",
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"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
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"text": "This is the case not only with all forms provided with exoskeleta and endoskeleta, into the composition of which lime largely enters, but also with those which exercise the precipitating effect on the calcium salts they absorb from sea water, the precipitation rarely going so far as to form a distinct deposit in the cells or tissues of the organism.",
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"text": "Ordinarily, allergy to animals is due to either their fine dander which becomes aerosolized or to the exoskeleta, pupae, or feces of their ectoparasites.",
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],
"ref": "2024 February 21, Philip Haigh, “Network News: New platforms and bridge to transform Darlington”, in RAIL, number 1003, page 12:",
"text": "Drawings supplied with NR's council application show a bridge with an exoskeleton that repeats some of the angles of Hitachi's '800' series trains which LNER and TransPennine Express run through the station.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hard outer structure that provides both structure and protection to creatures such as insects and Crustacea."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"Crustacea",
"Crustacea#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A hard outer structure that provides both structure and protection to creatures such as insects and Crustacea."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A wearable robotic machine used for aided or augmented mobility."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"wearable",
"wearable"
],
[
"robotic",
"robotic"
],
[
"machine",
"machine"
],
[
"aided",
"aided"
],
[
"augmented",
"augmented"
],
[
"mobility",
"mobility"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-exoskeleton.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-exoskeleton.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-exoskeleton.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-exoskeleton.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-exoskeleton.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "huidskelet"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "haykal ḵārijiyy",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "هَيْكَل خَارِجِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "exocadarma"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exoesqueletu"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "ezrelegenn"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exosquelet"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wàigǔgé",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "外骨骼"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exoskelet"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "eksoskeleto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "välisskelett"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "eksoskelett"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "ulkoinen tukiranka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exosquelette"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Exoskelett"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "exoskeletós",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εξωσκελετός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "(külső/viselhető/hordható) robotváz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "exoszkeleton"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "exoskeleto"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "rangka luar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "eksoskeleton"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esoscheletro"
},
{
"alt": "がいこっかく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gaikokkaku",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "外骨格"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "oegolgyeok",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "외골격"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "egzoskeletas"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "angawaho"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szkielet zewnętrzny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "egzoszkielet"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exosqueleto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exoesqueleto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ekzoskelét",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "экзоскеле́т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "egzoskelet"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exoskelet"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "zunanji skelet"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "eksoskelet"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exoesqueleto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dermatoesqueleto"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "kalansay-panlabas"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "dış iskelet"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"word": "bộ xương ngoài"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sgerbwd allanol"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "hard outer structure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "allsgerbwd"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:exoskeleton"
],
"word": "exoskeleton"
}
Download raw JSONL data for exoskeleton meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, exoskeleton/English",
"path": [
"exoskeleton"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "exoskeleton",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.