See esum on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ēsum",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "ēsum"
},
"expansion": "ēsum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 19 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 22 28 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 21 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 20 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "edō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative supine of edō"
],
"id": "en-esum-la-verb-NaDAh1G5",
"links": [
[
"edō",
"edo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"supine"
]
}
],
"word": "esum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "esum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sum"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 19 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 22 28 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 21 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 20 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Likewise they are wrong to group fui/sum/ero together [and then complain of irregularity] because fui, being a perfect, is actually in its own series, which is internally consistent as expected: fueram/fui/fuero. Of the non-perfects, sum was in olden times esum, hence it used to be consistent in all persons: esum-es-est/eram-eras-erat/ero-eris-erit. You will find that all other verbs follow this pattern [of perfects agreeing with perfects, non-perfects with non-perfects].",
"ref": "40's BC, Varro, On the Latin language IX.57",
"text": "Item male conferunt fui sum ero, quod fui est perfectum, cuius series sibi, ut debet, in omnibus partibus constat, quod est fueram fui fuero; de infectis sum quod nunc dicitur olim dicebatur esum et in omnibus personis constabat, quod dicebatur esum es est, eram eras erat, ero eris erit; sic huiusce modi cetera servare analogiam videbis."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sum"
],
"id": "en-esum-la-verb-4RlI62Fd",
"links": [
[
"sum",
"sum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"Old-Latin",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "esum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ēsum",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "ēsum"
},
"expansion": "ēsum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 19 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 22 28 32",
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"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 21 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 20 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ēsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ēsus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"id": "en-esum-la-verb-11jA5EUk",
"links": [
[
"ēsus",
"esus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 19 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 22 28 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 21 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 20 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ēsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ēsus:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"id": "en-esum-la-verb-uZrDt2xO",
"links": [
[
"ēsus",
"esus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "esum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin hapax legomena",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Latin verbs",
"Old Latin",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ēsum",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "ēsum"
},
"expansion": "ēsum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "edō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative supine of edō"
],
"links": [
[
"edō",
"edo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"supine"
]
}
],
"word": "esum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin hapax legomena",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Latin verbs",
"Old Latin",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "esum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sum"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Likewise they are wrong to group fui/sum/ero together [and then complain of irregularity] because fui, being a perfect, is actually in its own series, which is internally consistent as expected: fueram/fui/fuero. Of the non-perfects, sum was in olden times esum, hence it used to be consistent in all persons: esum-es-est/eram-eras-erat/ero-eris-erit. You will find that all other verbs follow this pattern [of perfects agreeing with perfects, non-perfects with non-perfects].",
"ref": "40's BC, Varro, On the Latin language IX.57",
"text": "Item male conferunt fui sum ero, quod fui est perfectum, cuius series sibi, ut debet, in omnibus partibus constat, quod est fueram fui fuero; de infectis sum quod nunc dicitur olim dicebatur esum et in omnibus personis constabat, quod dicebatur esum es est, eram eras erat, ero eris erit; sic huiusce modi cetera servare analogiam videbis."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sum"
],
"links": [
[
"sum",
"sum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"Old-Latin",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "esum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin hapax legomena",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Latin verbs",
"Old Latin",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ēsum",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "ēsum"
},
"expansion": "ēsum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ēsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ēsus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"ēsus",
"esus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ēsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ēsus:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"ēsus",
"esus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "esum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for esum meaning in All languages combined (3.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: hapax",
"path": [
"esum"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "esum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.