See damnum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for damnum meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "damnum"
},
"expansion": "Latin damnum",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin damnum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "damnum (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harm; detriment"
],
"id": "en-damnum-en-noun-uvg9kS2B",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"detriment",
"detriment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) harm; detriment"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ad damnum"
},
{
"word": "ad quod damnum"
},
{
"word": "damnum absque injuria"
},
{
"word": "damnous"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdæmnəm/"
}
],
"word": "damnum"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “loss”",
"word": "lucrum"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "*damnāticum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "damnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "indemnis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "damno",
"alts": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "damno, duon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "damno, duon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "daună"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: daună",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: daună"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dëm",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: dëm, dam, dôm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: dëm, dam, dôm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "danno"
},
"expansion": "Italian: danno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: danno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "dannu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: dannu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: dannu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dam"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "dagno"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: dagno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: dagno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "donn"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: donn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: donn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "dano"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: dano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: dano"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "dan"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: dan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: dan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dam"
},
"expansion": "French: dam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: dam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "dany"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: dany",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: dany"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "dam"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: dam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: dam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "dañu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: dañu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: dañu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "dano"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: dano\nGalician: dano\nPortuguese: dano",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: dano\nGalician: dano\nPortuguese: dano"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "danno"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: danno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: danno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "daño"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: daño",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: daño"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "dannu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: dannu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: dannu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "damnum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: damnum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: damnum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*dapnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dapnom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dh₂pnóm",
"4": "",
"5": "expense, investment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dh₂pnóm (“expense, investment”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*deh₂p-"
},
"expansion": "*deh₂p-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "daps",
"3": "",
"4": "sacrificial meal, feast"
},
"expansion": "daps (“sacrificial meal, feast”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dapnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dh₂pnóm (“expense, investment”), from the root *deh₂p-, whence also daps (“sacrificial meal, feast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "damnī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "damnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damnōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "damna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "damnum<2>"
},
"expansion": "damnum n (genitive damnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "damnum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 22 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 37 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"damage or injury"
],
"id": "en-damnum-la-noun-tnHHQve4",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vulnus"
},
{
"word": "dētrīmentum"
},
{
"word": "incommoditās"
},
{
"word": "calamitās"
},
{
"word": "pauperiēs"
},
{
"word": "maleficium"
},
{
"word": "iniūria"
},
{
"word": "noxa"
},
{
"word": "plāga"
},
{
"word": "fraus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 37 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 65 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "la:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loss, disadvantage"
],
"id": "en-damnum-la-noun-qWeM0Tr7",
"links": [
[
"loss",
"loss"
],
[
"disadvantage",
"disadvantage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(financial) loss, disadvantage"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "āmissiō"
},
{
"word": "pauperiēs"
},
{
"word": "dētrīmentum"
},
{
"word": "calamitās"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance",
"financial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 37 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fine, mulct, penalty"
],
"id": "en-damnum-la-noun-CWAcFK42",
"links": [
[
"fine",
"fine"
],
[
"mulct",
"mulct"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdam.num/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ämnʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdam.num/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ämnum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
"word": "dampnum"
}
],
"word": "damnum"
}
{
"categories": [
"la:Finance"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "damnum"
},
"expansion": "Latin damnum",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin damnum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "damnum (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ad damnum"
},
{
"word": "ad quod damnum"
},
{
"word": "damnum absque injuria"
},
{
"word": "damnous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₂-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"harm; detriment"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"detriment",
"detriment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) harm; detriment"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdæmnəm/"
}
],
"word": "damnum"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “loss”",
"word": "lucrum"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Finance"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "*damnāticum"
},
{
"word": "damnō"
},
{
"word": "indemnis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "damno",
"alts": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "damno, duon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "damno, duon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "daună"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: daună",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: daună"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dëm",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: dëm, dam, dôm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: dëm, dam, dôm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "danno"
},
"expansion": "Italian: danno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: danno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "dannu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: dannu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: dannu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dam"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "dagno"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: dagno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: dagno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "donn"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: donn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: donn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "dano"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: dano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: dano"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "dan"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: dan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: dan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dam"
},
"expansion": "French: dam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: dam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "dany"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: dany",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: dany"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "dam"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: dam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: dam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "dañu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: dañu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: dañu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "dano"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: dano\nGalician: dano\nPortuguese: dano",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: dano\nGalician: dano\nPortuguese: dano"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "danno"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: danno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: danno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "daño"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: daño",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: daño"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "dannu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: dannu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: dannu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "damnum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: damnum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: damnum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*dapnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dapnom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dh₂pnóm",
"4": "",
"5": "expense, investment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dh₂pnóm (“expense, investment”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*deh₂p-"
},
"expansion": "*deh₂p-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "daps",
"3": "",
"4": "sacrificial meal, feast"
},
"expansion": "daps (“sacrificial meal, feast”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dapnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dh₂pnóm (“expense, investment”), from the root *deh₂p-, whence also daps (“sacrificial meal, feast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "damnī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "damnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damnōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "damna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "damnum<2>"
},
"expansion": "damnum n (genitive damnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "damnum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"damage or injury"
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vulnus"
},
{
"word": "dētrīmentum"
},
{
"word": "incommoditās"
},
{
"word": "calamitās"
},
{
"word": "pauperiēs"
},
{
"word": "maleficium"
},
{
"word": "iniūria"
},
{
"word": "noxa"
},
{
"word": "plāga"
},
{
"word": "fraus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loss, disadvantage"
],
"links": [
[
"loss",
"loss"
],
[
"disadvantage",
"disadvantage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(financial) loss, disadvantage"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "āmissiō"
},
{
"word": "pauperiēs"
},
{
"word": "dētrīmentum"
},
{
"word": "calamitās"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance",
"financial"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fine, mulct, penalty"
],
"links": [
[
"fine",
"fine"
],
[
"mulct",
"mulct"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdam.num/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ämnʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdam.num/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ämnum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
"word": "dampnum"
}
],
"word": "damnum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.