See cower on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cowerer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "coweringly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uncowering"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "couren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English couren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "kûren",
"t": "to lie in wait; linger"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúra",
"3": "",
"4": "to doze"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kauern",
"t": "to squat"
},
"expansion": "German kauern (“to squat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "koeren",
"3": "",
"4": "to keep watch (in a cowered position)"
},
"expansion": "Dutch koeren (“to keep watch (in a cowered position)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kutriti",
"t": "to lie in a bent position"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kutriti (“to lie in a bent position”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kura",
"t": "huddle, cower"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kura (“huddle, cower”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English couren, cowre, from Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”) or from North Germanic (Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)). Cognate with German kauern (“to squat”), Dutch koeren (“to keep watch (in a cowered position)”), Serbo-Croatian kutriti (“to lie in a bent position”), Swedish kura (“huddle, cower”). Unrelated to coward, which is of Latin origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cowering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cowered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cowered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cower (third-person singular simple present cowers, present participle cowering, simple past and past participle cowered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cowardice"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "79 7 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 7 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 13 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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{
"_dis": "70 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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{
"_dis": "62 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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{
"_dis": "64 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "74 9 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "73 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "74 9 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "89 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
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{
"_dis": "72 10 17",
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"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 9 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
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{
"_dis": "63 11 26",
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{
"_dis": "71 10 19",
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{
"_dis": "73 10 17",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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},
{
"_dis": "72 10 19",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 1 33 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He'd be useless in war. He'd just cower in his bunker until the enemy came in and shot him, or until the war was over.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1700, John Dryden, \"The Cock and the Fox\", in Fables, Ancient and Modern, published March 1700",
"text": "Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear."
],
"id": "en-cower-en-verb-WRyRn2Dq",
"links": [
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1764, Oliver Goldsmith, The Traveller:",
"text": "Some sterner virtues o’er the mountain’s breast\nMay sit, like falcons, cowering on the nest",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "The mother bird had mov’d not,\nBut cowering o’er her nestlings,\nSate confident and fearless,\nAnd watch’d the wonted guest.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crouch in general."
],
"id": "en-cower-en-verb-FiaATzuI",
"links": [
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To crouch in general."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895, Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor and Industry of Kansas:",
"text": "This done, their doubts will vanish, and they will stand confronted by an object lesson which must have the effect either to arouse them to a determination to banish despotism from the land, or cower them into submission and servitude.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, DJ Birmingham, The Queen's Tale: The Struggle for the Survival of Ireland, page 170:",
"text": "My spirit will cower them and make them wish they had never risen up against me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Marilyn Brown Oden, The Dead Saint:",
"text": "A vicious Mafia threat intended to cower him—but the chief doesn't cower.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to cower; to frighten into submission."
],
"id": "en-cower-en-verb-pXdvYD9d",
"links": [
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"submission",
"submission"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to cower; to frighten into submission."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cower.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svivam se",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "свивам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "treperja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "треперя"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "encongir-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "抖縮"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǒusuō",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "抖缩"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "退縮"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tuìsuō",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "退缩"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krčit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "in elkaar duiken"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "ineenkrimpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kyyristellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kyyristyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "karttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kartella"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "se recroqueviller"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "se tapir"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kauern"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "ängstlich hocken"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kataptḗssō",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "καταπτήσσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "cúb"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "creathnaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"alt": "うずくまる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "uzukumaru",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "踞る"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ifu suru",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "畏怖する"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "whakamaoko"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "hūiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "whakaririka"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "couren"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krype sammen"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krympe seg"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krype saman"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krympe seg"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "s’amatar"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "s’acaptar"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "s’aglatir"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pusmak",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "پوصمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kulić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skulać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "skulić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przycupnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "encolher"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sʺjóživatʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "съёживаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sʺjóžitʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "съёжиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sžimátʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сжима́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sžátʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сжа́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zabivátʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "забива́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zabítʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заби́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "skutriti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kutriti"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "encogerse"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "amilanarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kura"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 50 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krypa ihop"
}
],
"word": "cower"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cowering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cowered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cowered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cower (third-person singular simple present cowers, present participle cowering, simple past and past participle cowered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cherish with care."
],
"id": "en-cower-en-verb-9skTvcUu",
"links": [
[
"cherish",
"cherish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cherish with care."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cower.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "cower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Fear"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cowerer"
},
{
"word": "coweringly"
},
{
"word": "uncowering"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "couren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English couren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "kûren",
"t": "to lie in wait; linger"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúra",
"3": "",
"4": "to doze"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kauern",
"t": "to squat"
},
"expansion": "German kauern (“to squat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "koeren",
"3": "",
"4": "to keep watch (in a cowered position)"
},
"expansion": "Dutch koeren (“to keep watch (in a cowered position)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kutriti",
"t": "to lie in a bent position"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kutriti (“to lie in a bent position”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kura",
"t": "huddle, cower"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kura (“huddle, cower”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English couren, cowre, from Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”) or from North Germanic (Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)). Cognate with German kauern (“to squat”), Dutch koeren (“to keep watch (in a cowered position)”), Serbo-Croatian kutriti (“to lie in a bent position”), Swedish kura (“huddle, cower”). Unrelated to coward, which is of Latin origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cowering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cowered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cowered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cower (third-person singular simple present cowers, present participle cowering, simple past and past participle cowered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "coward"
},
{
"word": "cowardice"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He'd be useless in war. He'd just cower in his bunker until the enemy came in and shot him, or until the war was over.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1700, John Dryden, \"The Cock and the Fox\", in Fables, Ancient and Modern, published March 1700",
"text": "Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear."
],
"links": [
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1764, Oliver Goldsmith, The Traveller:",
"text": "Some sterner virtues o’er the mountain’s breast\nMay sit, like falcons, cowering on the nest",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "The mother bird had mov’d not,\nBut cowering o’er her nestlings,\nSate confident and fearless,\nAnd watch’d the wonted guest.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crouch in general."
],
"links": [
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To crouch in general."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895, Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor and Industry of Kansas:",
"text": "This done, their doubts will vanish, and they will stand confronted by an object lesson which must have the effect either to arouse them to a determination to banish despotism from the land, or cower them into submission and servitude.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, DJ Birmingham, The Queen's Tale: The Struggle for the Survival of Ireland, page 170:",
"text": "My spirit will cower them and make them wish they had never risen up against me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Marilyn Brown Oden, The Dead Saint:",
"text": "A vicious Mafia threat intended to cower him—but the chief doesn't cower.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to cower; to frighten into submission."
],
"links": [
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"submission",
"submission"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to cower; to frighten into submission."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cower.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svivam se",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "свивам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "treperja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "треперя"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "encongir-se"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "抖縮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǒusuō",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "抖缩"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "退縮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tuìsuō",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "退缩"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krčit se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "in elkaar duiken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "ineenkrimpen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kyyristellä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kyyristyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "karttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kartella"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "se recroqueviller"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "se tapir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kauern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "ängstlich hocken"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kataptḗssō",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "καταπτήσσω"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "cúb"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "creathnaigh"
},
{
"alt": "うずくまる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "uzukumaru",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "踞る"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ifu suru",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "畏怖する"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "whakamaoko"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "hūiki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "whakaririka"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "couren"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krype sammen"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krympe seg"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krype saman"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krympe seg"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "s’amatar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "s’acaptar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "s’aglatir"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pusmak",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "پوصمق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kulić się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skulać się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "skulić się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przycupnąć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "encolher"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sʺjóživatʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "съёживаться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sʺjóžitʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "съёжиться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sžimátʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сжима́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sžátʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сжа́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zabivátʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "забива́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zabítʹsja",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заби́ться"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "skutriti se"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kutriti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "encogerse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "amilanarse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "kura"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to crouch in fear",
"word": "krypa ihop"
}
],
"word": "cower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Fear"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cowering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cowered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cowered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cower (third-person singular simple present cowers, present participle cowering, simple past and past participle cowered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cherish with care."
],
"links": [
[
"cherish",
"cherish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cherish with care."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cower.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cower.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "cower"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cower meaning in All languages combined (13.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.