See couren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English: cower",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: cower"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cour",
"3": "coor"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cour, coor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cour, coor"
}
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gml",
"3": "kûren",
"t": "to lie in wait; linger"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúra",
"3": "",
"4": "to doze"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from either Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”) or a similar North Germanic word (e.g. Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "courest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coureth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coureden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "courede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coureth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "courynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "courende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "couren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cour",
"inf2": "0",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "enm:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crouch, especially in fear; to cower."
],
"id": "en-couren-enm-verb-n4hGDJZC",
"links": [
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"cower",
"cower"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hide or conceal oneself."
],
"id": "en-couren-enm-verb-gq9gsDUg",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːrən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cowre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "curyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "koure"
}
],
"word": "couren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
"Middle English terms borrowed from North Germanic languages",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Middle English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Fear",
"enm:Gaits"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English: cower",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cower"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cour",
"3": "coor"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cour, coor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cour, coor"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "kûren",
"t": "to lie in wait; linger"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúra",
"3": "",
"4": "to doze"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from either Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”) or a similar North Germanic word (e.g. Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "courest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coureth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coureden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "courede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coureth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "courynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "courende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "couren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cour",
"inf2": "0",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To crouch, especially in fear; to cower."
],
"links": [
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"cower",
"cower"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To hide or conceal oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːrən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowre"
},
{
"word": "curyn"
},
{
"word": "koure"
}
],
"word": "couren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for couren meaning in Middle English (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.