See couren on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English: cower",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cower"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cour",
"3": "coor"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cour, coor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cour, coor"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "kûren",
"t": "to lie in wait; linger"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúra",
"3": "",
"4": "to doze"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to curve, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuddô",
"t": "shell, pod"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from either Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”) or a similar North Germanic word (e.g. Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)); according to Pokorny, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”), see also Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "courest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coureth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coureden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "courede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coureth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "courynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "courende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cowre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "curyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "koure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "couren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cour",
"inf2": "0",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "enm:Fear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crouch, especially in fear; to cower."
],
"id": "en-couren-enm-verb-n4hGDJZC",
"links": [
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"cower",
"cower"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hide or conceal oneself."
],
"id": "en-couren-enm-verb-gq9gsDUg",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːrən/"
}
],
"word": "couren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
"Middle English terms borrowed from North Germanic languages",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Middle English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Fear",
"enm:Gaits"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English: cower",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cower"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cour",
"3": "coor"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cour, coor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cour, coor"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "kûren",
"t": "to lie in wait; linger"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúra",
"3": "",
"4": "to doze"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to curve, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuddô",
"t": "shell, pod"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from either Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”) or a similar North Germanic word (e.g. Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)); according to Pokorny, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”), see also Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "courest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coureth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coureden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "courede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coureth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "courynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "courende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coured",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cowre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "curyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "koure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "couren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cour",
"inf2": "0",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To crouch, especially in fear; to cower."
],
"links": [
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"cower",
"cower"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To hide or conceal oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːrən/"
}
],
"word": "couren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for couren meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.