"cob" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobby"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobette"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobful"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobhouse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobiron"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobless"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobswan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobwall"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cobwork"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "corn-cob"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "corn on the cob"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "have a cob on"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sea cob"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "cobbe",
        "t": "male swan; gang leader; bully"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kobbi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kobbi (“seal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cot",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cottage"
      },
      "expansion": "English cot (“cottage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "top, tuft"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cob (“top, tuft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kübel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "large container"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kübel (“large container”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. The word has many disparate senses, which are likely of diverse origin. The specifics of these origins have long been debated, as has the question of which senses arise from which origins. At least the swan sense originated in Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”). Some other senses likely originated as a variant of cop (“head, top, peak, summit”). In other senses, the word may be related to cub, itself of obscure origin but possibly from Old Norse kobbi (“seal”). However, many alternative etymologies have been proposed to account for some or all senses of cob; various sources have related it, for example, to English cot (“cottage”), Welsh cob (“top, tuft”), or German Kübel (“large container”). All these etymologies are disputed, and the exact origins of cob cannot be known with any certainty.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "cob (countable and uncountable, plural cobs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1818, William Cobbett, A Year’s Residence in the United States of America, part I, Clayton and Kingsland, page 18",
          "text": "The grains, each of which is about the bulk of the largest marrowfat pea, are placed all round a stalk, which goes up the middle, and this little stalk, to which the seeds adhere, is called the Corn Cob."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1849, Charles Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States of North America, volume II, Harper & Brothers, page 64:",
          "text": "I passed some mills in which the grain, cob, and husk were all ground up together for the cattle and hogs….",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1994, Douglas Coupland, Life After God, Washington Square Press,, →ISBN, page 80:",
          "text": "Dad had placed a cob of corn on a stump for the jays, who bickered over it non-stop.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A corncob."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-Wq0t5Qen",
      "links": [
        [
          "corncob",
          "corncob"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1807, General View of the Agriculture of the County of Essex, page 14:",
          "text": "Examining the cob of the plants now in seed, I found them very full of fine seed.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1849, New York (State). Legislature. Assembly, Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, page 742:",
          "text": "The following analyses exhibit the composition of the ash of the grain and cob of three specimens, grown on different soils, in Lewis county, in 1847",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1909, Cape of Good Hope (Colony). Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope - Volume 35, page 108:",
          "text": "About the end of October last, as an experiment, I selected seed from a Hickory King cob of above and planted twenty rows with from twenty to thirty seeds in each row, rows three feet apart.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1931, Indian Botanical Society, The Journal of the Indian Botanical Society, page 22:",
          "text": "One of the branches developed into a fully-formed cob, though it was thinner than the normal cob of the variety.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The seed-bearing head of a plant."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-LTaMf7kY",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "cobnut"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1782, John Nichols, A select collection of poems, page 123:",
          "text": "Thy plumbs are fair indeed, but void of taste; And those large thick-shell cobs the teeth will guast.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1868, Charles Darwin, The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, volume I, John Murray, page 357:",
          "text": "This kind of husk also protects the nut from birds, for titmice (Parus) have been observed to pass over filberts, and attack cobs and common nuts growing in the same orchard.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1979, Jocasta Innes, The Country Kitchen, Frances Lincoln Limited, published 2003, →ISBN, page 257:",
          "text": "Pickled walnuts are excellent if you can get hold of green walnuts, but other green nuts – hazel, cob, filbert – can be used instead.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Carleen Madigan, editor, The Essential Guide to Back Garden Self-Sufficiency, Timber Press, published 2010, page 145:",
          "text": "The nuts of the filbert are slightly longer and narrower than the cob.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Clipping of cobnut."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-Ql~2gQI3",
      "links": [
        [
          "cobnut",
          "cobnut#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "clipping",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 1 2 17 4 1 2 5 6 10 2 0 11 3 0 0 2 5 0 6 1 2 1 4 2 0 2 6 2 2",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Male animals",
          "orig": "en:Male animals",
          "parents": [
            "Animals",
            "Male",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Gender",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 0 2 11 4 1 1 7 7 10 2 1 11 3 0 0 1 5 1 7 2 3 1 4 3 1 2 6 1 2",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Swans",
          "orig": "en:Swans",
          "parents": [
            "Anatids",
            "Freshwater birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1664, John Witherings, “The Orders, Laws, and Ancient Customs of Swans”, in The Harleian Miscellany, volume VII, published 1810, page 292:",
          "text": "In all common streams, and private waters, when cygnets are taken up, the owner of the cob must chuse the first cygnet, and the pen the next, and so in order….",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1970, E. B. White, The Trumpet of the Swan, HarperCollins, published 2000, →ISBN, page 22:",
          "text": "The cob waddled out onto the island and looked in the nest.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Nicole Helget, Swans, Creative Education,, →ISBN, page 22:",
          "text": "The cob will defend the nest and the eggs.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A male swan."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-jFACtRKT",
      "links": [
        [
          "swan",
          "swan"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "mǎžki lebed",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "word": "мъжки лебед"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "fo",
          "english": "there is no special word in Faroese for cob in this sense",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "svanasteggi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "word": "urosjoutsen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "english": "there is no special word in French for cob in this sense",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cygne mâle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "note": "Schwanenmännchen (cf. Schwanen-, Männchen n)",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ]
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "männlicher Schwan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "arsenikós kýknos",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "αρσενικός κύκνος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "ks",
          "lang": "Kashmiri",
          "roman": "ạnz",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "أنٛز"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "łabędź"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "lebădoi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "es",
          "english": "there is no special word in Spanish for cob in this sense",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cisne macho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "english": "there is no special word in Swedish for cob in this sense",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "svanhane"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 82 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "male swan",
          "word": "hisvan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "East Anglian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 0 2 6 10 1 1 6 6 10 2 1 11 3 0 0 1 5 1 6 2 3 1 3 4 1 2 6 2 1",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Gulls",
          "orig": "en:Gulls",
          "parents": [
            "Seabirds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1668, Thomas Browne, \"Notes on Certain Birds Found in Norfolk\", in Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk, Jarrold & Sons (1902), pages 8–9",
          "text": "Here is also the pica marina or seapye many sorts of Lari, seamewes & cobs."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1773, Antoine-Joseph Pernety, The History of a Voyage to the Malouine (or Falkland), page 178:",
          "text": "On Saturday the 28th we saw a whale, two sea-wolves, and two penguins; in the afternoon there appeared great numbers of ospreys, and sea-cobs, and we met with some sea-grass, with long leaves.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1820, Sir Richard Phillips and Co. (tr.), Travels in Brazil (in New Voyages and Travels, volume III), translation of Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied, Reise nach Brasilien (1817), page 21",
          "text": "We found here a species of cob, with a grey head, red beak and feet, very much resembling our larus ribibundus…."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895, A Son of the Marshes [Denham Jordan], The Wild-Fowl and Sea-Fowl of Great Britain, Chapman and Hall, page 312",
          "text": "The Raven has a very ancient look about him, as if he could tell a lot if he thought proper, but the Cob looks weird and uncanny, as if he was continually thinking over the creatures that he had seen go down to Davy’s locker."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A gull, especially the black-backed gull (Larus marinus); also spelled cobb."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-aJnwCRWE",
      "links": [
        [
          "gull",
          "gull"
        ],
        [
          "Larus marinus",
          "Larus marinus#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "cobb",
          "cobb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(East Anglia) A gull, especially the black-backed gull (Larus marinus); also spelled cobb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "East-Anglia",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-VGVjyhkP",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Midlands English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1877, Mackenzie E. C. Walcott, The Early Statutes of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Chichester, J. B. Nichols and Sons, page 38:",
          "text": "The cob was a cracknel or simnel made of fine flour.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1958, Brendan Behan, Borstal Boy, Nonpareil, published 1982, →ISBN, page 86:",
          "text": "…I sat there and broke the crust of my cob of bread.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Sheila Dunwell, “Progress or Less”, in Poetry—Love It, Hate It, Read It and See, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 85:",
          "text": "I want to do a manual job / Even bake a lovely bread cob",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A round, often crusty roll or loaf of bread."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-Xuwv9dvp",
      "links": [
        [
          "roll",
          "roll"
        ],
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ],
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Midlands) A round, often crusty roll or loaf of bread."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Midlands",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 3 1 4 2 3 11 7 15 3 1 17 4 1 1 1 6 3 2 4 3 1 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 2 3 4 1 1 11 8 16 2 1 17 4 0 0 1 7 1 2 5 5 2 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 2 2 5 1 2 10 8 16 3 1 19 4 1 1 1 6 2 2 5 4 1 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 2 2 5 1 1 11 8 16 3 1 20 4 1 1 1 7 1 2 5 4 1 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 0 2 1 3 3 1 15 6 9 2 1 11 3 0 0 1 5 1 6 2 2 5 3 3 1 3 6 1 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Building materials",
          "orig": "en:Building materials",
          "parents": [
            "Construction",
            "Materials",
            "Architecture",
            "Engineering",
            "Manufacturing",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Technology",
            "Human activity",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1602, Richard Carew, The Svrvey of Cornwall, new edition (1769), page 53",
          "text": "The poore Cotager contenteth himſelfe with Cob for his wals, and Thatch for his couering…."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1889, T. N. Brushfield, \"The Birthplace of Sir Walter Raleigh\", in Reports and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art, volume XXI, W. Brendon & Son, page 323",
          "text": "The walls are of cob, the external ones being about 2 feet 8 inches thick, and rest on a stone foundation."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007 October 6, Cecelia Goodnow, “Thinking of Building a Cob Home?”, in The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, page E8:",
          "text": "…cob falls outside the building code, so planners would want documentation of how the adobelike material performs.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018, Ine Wouters, Stephanie van de Voorde, Inge Bertels, Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, volume 2, page 790:",
          "text": "Some tests have been carried out to evaluate the stabilizing effect on cob of modern materials such as gypsum, lime and cement (McPadden & Pavia 2016).",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth, similar to adobe; also called cobb, rammed earth or pisé."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-Tm6yO8tz",
      "links": [
        [
          "adobe",
          "adobe"
        ],
        [
          "cobb",
          "cobb"
        ],
        [
          "rammed earth",
          "rammed earth"
        ],
        [
          "pisé",
          "pisé"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) A building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth, similar to adobe; also called cobb, rammed earth or pisé."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kirpič",
          "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кирпич"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "torchis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
          "word": "vályog"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "kâhgel",
          "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
          "word": "کاهگل"
        },
        {
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          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "arzax",
          "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
          "word": "ارزخ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stramé"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "payrou"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
          "word": "plåstea"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1828, Winthrop Mackworth Praed, \"A Letter of Advice\", in The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal, volume 23, part II, S. and H. Bentley, page 543",
          "text": "If he comes to you riding a cob…"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1841, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, Chapman and Hall, page 289:",
          "text": "He was well-mounted upon a sturdy chestnut cob, and had the graceful seat of an experienced horseman….",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Philippa Gregory, Changeling, Simon Pulse,, →ISBN, page 36:",
          "text": "Freize rode a strong cob and led a donkey laden with their belongings.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A horse having a stout body and short legs."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-1jzyb~FO",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 1 1 3 0 1 6 59 9 2 0 8 2 0 0 0 5 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ippário",
          "sense": "horse having a stout body and short legs",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ιππάριο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 1 1 3 0 1 6 59 9 2 0 8 2 0 0 0 5 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "horse having a stout body and short legs",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "leathchapall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 1 1 3 0 1 6 59 9 2 0 8 2 0 0 0 5 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "horse having a stout body and short legs",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gearrchapall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 1 1 3 0 1 6 59 9 2 0 8 2 0 0 0 5 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "horse having a stout body and short legs",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "klippare"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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          "langcode": "en",
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          "orig": "en:Birch family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Fagales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
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            "All topics",
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            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
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            "Lifeforms",
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        {
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          "name": "Spiders",
          "orig": "en:Spiders",
          "parents": [
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            "Arthropods",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
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            "Life",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
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          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Swans",
          "orig": "en:Swans",
          "parents": [
            "Anatids",
            "Freshwater birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1701, Daniel Mac-Cay, testimony in the trial of Patrick Hurly, transcribed in A Complete Collection of State-Trials, and Proceedings upon High-Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours, volume 5, 2nd edition (1730), page 404",
          "text": "…he put his Hand in his Pocket and pull’d out ſome Gold, ſome Broadpieces and a Gold Cob…."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1718, Observations on raising the value of money, page 4:",
          "text": "They fancied, that he who sold a Stone of Wool for Two Cobs, callid 9s. when Cobs were raised would sell his Stone for a Cob and a half when called 9s.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1774, J. Hawkesworth, “An Account of the life of Dr. Swift”, in The Works of Jonathan Swift, page xx:",
          "text": "As this sum was greater than ever Swift had been master of at any one time before, he pushed over, without reckoning them, a good number of the siver cobs (for it was all in that specie) to the honest sailor, and desired he would accept them for his trouble.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1784, Thomas Sheridan, The Life of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin, volume I, pages 7–8:",
          "text": "He then drew out a large leathern bag, and poured out the contents, which were ſilver cobs, upon the table.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1793, Samuel Ancell, A circumstantial journal of the blockade and siege of Gibraltar, page 24:",
          "text": "Our fituation every day appears more alarming, there being a scarcity of almost every thing in the garrison — fire-wood a cob per hundred; flour five rials per pound; no fresh meat except an old cow, or worn-out ox, (only one perhaps killed in a month) which is sold at four and a half and five rials per pound; fowls twenty to twenty-four rials each; a goose ten dollars; a turkey twenty dollars; eggs a cob the dozen; and every other necessary in proporition.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1795, Mark Moore, The Memoirs and Adventures of Mark Moore Late an Officer in the British Navy, page 49:",
          "text": "Several of the artillery officers, the Welch fusileers, and a few navy officers, spent the evening at a tavern, well known by the name of Miss Loftus's; on payment of our reckoning, Captain Wilcox was deficient a cob (value about four shillings and ninepence) the payment of which, was offered to him by a Mr. Funston, a lieutenant fireworker;",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Todd Cook, The Lost Coins of Early Americans: Still A Secret!, Xulon Press,, →ISBN, page 90:",
          "text": "It’s absolutely possible to find an affordable ($20-$35) low to average circulated Spanish silver cob dated around or before 1692, especially if you’re willing to settle for the smaller half real or one real cobs.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Alvin Rabushka, Taxation in Colonial America, Princeton University Press,, →ISBN, page 154:",
          "text": "Cobs were usually irregularly shaped. They were a means to account for a specific amount of silver in a coin that could be used for commerce.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of the gold and silver coins that were minted in the Spanish Empire and valued in reales or escudos, such as the piece of eight—especially those which were crudely struck and irregularly shaped."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-Kse017eD",
      "links": [
        [
          "coin",
          "coin"
        ],
        [
          "mint",
          "mint"
        ],
        [
          "real",
          "real"
        ],
        [
          "escudo",
          "escudo"
        ],
        [
          "piece of eight",
          "piece of eight"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1583, Richard Stanyhurst (tr.), The First Fovre Bookes of Virgils Æneis, Henrie Bynneman, page 86",
          "text": "I ſaw fleſh bluddie toe ſlauer, / When the cob had maunged the gobets foule garbaged haulfe quick."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1583, Phillip Stubbes, The Second Part of the Anatomie of Abuses, N. Trübner & Co. (1882), page 27",
          "text": "But I would not haue a few rich cobs to get into their clowches almoſt whole countries, ſo as the poore can haue no releefe by them."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1602, Tudor Facsimile Texts:",
          "text": "There comes no good of greedie Cobs:",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1827, anonymous angler quoted in William Hone, The Every-Day Book, volume II, part II, Hunt and Clarke, page 769",
          "text": "For fishing and shuting, he was the cob of all this country!"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who is eminent, great, large, or rich."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-akXfo~G~",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) One who is eminent, great, large, or rich."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A spider (cf. cobweb)."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-8AjFVrpl",
      "links": [
        [
          "spider",
          "spider"
        ],
        [
          "cobweb",
          "cobweb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
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          ],
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        },
        {
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          "name": "Scorpaeniform fish",
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            "Animals",
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          ],
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        {
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          "kind": "lifeform",
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          "name": "Spiders",
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            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
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            "Life",
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          ],
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            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
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            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
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          ],
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      "glosses": [
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      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-4crwrFOp",
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        [
          "miller's thumb",
          "miller's thumb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A large fish, especially the kabeljou (variant spelling of kob)."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-bqyJpvIv",
      "links": [
        [
          "kabeljou",
          "kabeljou"
        ],
        [
          "kob",
          "kob"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1598, Ben Jonson, Every Man in His Humour, in The Modern British Drama, 3rd volume, James Ballantyne and Co. (1811), page 5",
          "text": "The first red herring that was broil’d in Adam and Eve’s kitchen, do I fetch my pedigree from, by the Harrot’s book. His Cob was my great-great-mighty-great grandfather."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1599, Thomas Nashe, “Lenten Stuffe”, in The Harleian Miscellany, volume VI, published 1745, page 156:",
          "text": "…not a Scrap of him, but the Cobs of the two Herrings, the Fiſhermen had eaten, remained of him….",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1605, Thomas Dekker, The Honest Whore, in The Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, 2nd volume, John Pearson (1873), page 147",
          "text": "…he can come bragging hither with foure white Herrings (at’s taile) in blue Coates without roes in their bellies, but I may ſtarue ere he giue me ſo much as a cob."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The head of a herring."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-95JCIqMS",
      "links": [
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ],
        [
          "herring",
          "herring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) The head of a herring."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1689, Charles Cotton, Poems on Several Occasions, page 197:",
          "text": "Perhaps though in time one may make them to yield, But 'tis pretty'st Cob-Castle e'er I beheld.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1768, Philosophical Transactions: Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours, of the Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World., page 114:",
          "text": "There is a small cob on this hill by some supposed to have been a fort: if it was, it must have been a very small one; tho' I rather take it for a tumulus than an exploratory tower.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tower or small castle on top of a hill."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-UqaJzL3c",
      "links": [
        [
          "tower",
          "tower"
        ],
        [
          "castle",
          "castle"
        ],
        [
          "hill",
          "hill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A tower or small castle on top of a hill."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1667, John Wilkins, A Discourse concerning the Gift of Prayer, etc, page 59:",
          "text": "Who can make the worm a cob to thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and make the hills as chaff.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A thresher."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-YRV2gviN",
      "links": [
        [
          "thresher",
          "thresher"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A thresher."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Music",
          "orig": "en:Music",
          "parents": [
            "Art",
            "Sound",
            "Culture",
            "Energy",
            "Society",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cylinder with pins in it, encoding music to be played back mechanically by a barrel organ."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-DvkKIvXc",
      "links": [
        [
          "music",
          "music"
        ],
        [
          "cylinder",
          "cylinder"
        ],
        [
          "pin",
          "pin"
        ],
        [
          "barrel organ",
          "barrel organ"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(music, historical) A cylinder with pins in it, encoding music to be played back mechanically by a barrel organ."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "entertainment",
        "lifestyle",
        "music"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 1 0 5 2 1 10 11 16 5 0 14 4 0 0 0 7 21",
          "sense": "person of mixed race",
          "word": "list in mulatto"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1885, Stanley Harris, The Coaching Age, London: R. Bentley and son, page 237:",
          "text": "[…] but he does not say whether the nobleman is a mulatto or half-caste, or what advantage is to be derived from purchasing a cob belonging to \"a dark-brown nobleman.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1902, Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, page 214:",
          "text": "The young mother was darker than either of her parents, and might be taken for a cob (the offspring of a mulatto and a negro), but the baby looked to be almost pure Indian.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1912, James Rodway, Guiana: British, Dutch, and French, page 190:",
          "text": "A cob is a reversion towards the negro, the child of one black parent with a mulatto, three-quarters black and hardly distinguishable. The mustee or quadroon, who is three-fourths white, and the costee or octoroon may be considered[…]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person of mixed black and white ancestry, especially a griffe; a mulatto."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-cu128bKI",
      "links": [
        [
          "griffe",
          "griffe"
        ],
        [
          "mulatto",
          "mulatto"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated or historical) A person of mixed black and white ancestry, especially a griffe; a mulatto."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "dated",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "cobbe",
        "t": "male swan; gang leader; bully"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kobbi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kobbi (“seal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cot",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cottage"
      },
      "expansion": "English cot (“cottage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "top, tuft"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cob (“top, tuft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kübel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "large container"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kübel (“large container”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. The word has many disparate senses, which are likely of diverse origin. The specifics of these origins have long been debated, as has the question of which senses arise from which origins. At least the swan sense originated in Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”). Some other senses likely originated as a variant of cop (“head, top, peak, summit”). In other senses, the word may be related to cub, itself of obscure origin but possibly from Old Norse kobbi (“seal”). However, many alternative etymologies have been proposed to account for some or all senses of cob; various sources have related it, for example, to English cot (“cottage”), Welsh cob (“top, tuft”), or German Kübel (“large container”). All these etymologies are disputed, and the exact origins of cob cannot be known with any certainty.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cob (third-person singular simple present cobs, present participle cobbing, simple past and past participle cobbed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004, Joe Kennedy, Building Without Borders: Sustainable Construction for the Global Village, →ISBN, page 178:",
          "text": "Windows and other details can be cobbed into place, and niches and reliefs are easy to create.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Marian Keeler, Bill Burke, Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building, →ISBN, page 304:",
          "text": "The technique appeals to alternative builders because of its ability to be sculpted, its use of waste materials, and its pest resistant properties. Each course is tamped down, or \"cobbed,\" to impart strength and to aid in curing.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, Gordon Salberg, “Paper houses: papercrete and fidobe”, in The Art of Natural Building, →ISBN, page 174:",
          "text": "And there is another alternative: both papercrete and fidobe can be cobbed.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To construct using mud blocks or to seal a wall using mud or an artificial equivalent."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-verb-IID7QlHT",
      "links": [
        [
          "construct",
          "construct"
        ],
        [
          "block",
          "block"
        ],
        [
          "seal",
          "seal"
        ],
        [
          "artificial",
          "artificial"
        ],
        [
          "equivalent",
          "equivalent"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1907, Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales - Volume 17, page 731:",
          "text": "Ninety Day came to maturity very early and cobbed plentifully, but the grain proved shallow and lacking in meal.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1951, Monthly Crop & Live Stock Report - Volumes 368-416, page 14:",
          "text": "Corn was a bumper crop and cobbed much above average so that silage will be above average in feeding value.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019, C. W. Bryde, From Chart House to Bush Hut, page 64:",
          "text": "We were presently in the maize country. It looked beautiful. Miles of waving, dark green, tasselled corn just cobbing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To have the heads mature into corncobs."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-verb-5QowC~EU",
      "links": [
        [
          "corncobs",
          "corncob"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of growing corn) To have the heads mature into corncobs."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of growing corn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1969, Jim Henderson, Open Country Calling: People and Places Out of Town, page 82:",
          "text": "Darning socks, knitting, fancy work, cooking, housework, cobbing corn.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1976, Lisgar Collegiate Institute, Vox Lycei 1975-1976, page 21:",
          "text": "Here are some of the pople who made this yearbook easy to live with: […] David Littlejohn and Martin Munroe for their concessions, All the people who cobbed corn, Sara Perry for her steadfastness and warm smile in the coffee shop, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017, Acharya Shunya, Ayurveda Lifestyle Wisdom:",
          "text": "Besides, the joy of shelling fresh peas or cobbing the corn in the right season is a great feeling!",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To remove the kernels from a corncob."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-verb-mUV5U~4G",
      "links": [
        [
          "corncob",
          "corncob"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1847, British Farmer's Magazine - Issue 10, page 510:",
          "text": "The price paid for cobbing (separating the seed from the straw) and drawing the seed of red and white clover is from 3s. 6d. to 4s. 6d. the bushel of 5 stone of seed.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1897, The British Trade Journal - Volume 35, page 235:",
          "text": "In the new machine under notice, clover can be \"cobbed\" and \"hulled\" or \"drawn,\" and the seed delivered in one operation, the whole being done at the stack side in the open air and in one-thired of the time previously occupied.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To thresh."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-verb-Rx7OsrVM",
      "links": [
        [
          "thresh",
          "thresh"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1762, Louis François Henri de Menon (Marquis de Turbilly.), A discourse on the cultivation of waste and barren lands, page 90:",
          "text": "I have in this manner cobbed, with great success, lands that had formerly been in tillage, which would no longer bring corn because they were exhausted, either by consecutive crops or by the great quantity of weeks, which impoverished them: these became as good as my regularly cobbed lands.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To break up ground with a hoe."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-verb-7NMG8utf",
      "links": [
        [
          "hoe",
          "hoe"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "mining",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "sledge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "mining",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "spall"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cobbe",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fight"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cobbe (“fight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blow"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cob (“blow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "kubbur",
        "3": "kubba",
        "t": "chop"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic kubba (“chop”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly onomatopoeic, but it has also been suggested that the word could be a continuation of Middle English cobbe (“fight”), a borrowing of Welsh cob (“blow”), or a cognate of Icelandic kubba (“chop”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cob (third-person singular simple present cobs, present participle cobbing, simple past and past participle cobbed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 40 6 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1803, Andrew Mitchell, \"Extract from the Trial of the Mutineers on board the Bantry Bay Squadron\", The Annual Register, volume XLIV, R. Wilks, page 556",
          "text": "[…] he pulled off his hat, and said he was going to cob him for breaking the rules and laws of the ship’s company."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1862, United States Senate, Senate Documents - Volume 172, page 19:",
          "text": "White prisoners, and sometimes black ones, are put into the dungeon, and ironed; and black prisoners have been “cobbed.”",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1863, Susan Boggs, interview transcribed in Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies, ed. John Wesley Blassingame, Louisiana State University Press (1977), page 419",
          "text": "[…] this jail keeper took a piece of board with holes bored through it (what you call a paddle) and cobbed him and cobbed him, and, then they took salt and washed him."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Darius Rejali, Torture and Democracy, Princeton University Press,, →ISBN, page 272:",
          "text": "British officers cobbed infantrymen for petty offenses, and Irish schoolchildren were paddled for failing to remove their hats, becoming the first of many schoolchildren to be cobbed.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Darius Rejali, Torture and Democracy, page 272:",
          "text": "In the 1920s, French investigators cobbed every witness in piracy cases in Korea using instruments \"rather like a canoe paddle or a thick cricket bat, on a part where he could not be ijured, but where the bruises would show up beautifully.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, John D. Byrn, Naval Courts Martial, 1793-1815:",
          "text": "Kell replied, 'I have, five of them, and some told me you was in liquor or I would have cobbed you.'",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To beat with a flat instrument; to paddle."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-verb-hDcUAjP4",
      "links": [
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ],
        [
          "paddle",
          "paddle"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1862, Philip Gilbert Hamerton (quoting a Lancashire shepherd), A Painter’s Camp in the Highlands, volume I, Macmillan and Co., page 69",
          "text": "Well, sir, I’m sure I’d be rid of it fast enough if I could naut cob it away like a stoan."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1878, Robert Richardson, \"How the Fight was Stopped\", in The Young Cragsman, And Other Stories, William Oliphant and Co., page 72",
          "text": "Each had a stone in his grasp in an instant, and simultaneously they cobbed at Master Bunnie."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895, John Trafford Clegg, “James Leach”, in The Works of John Trafford Clegg, James Clegg, page 287:",
          "text": "Iv not, aw’ll cob mi fleawers i’ th’ fire, brun mi love wi ’em, turn mi back on thee once an’ for ever, an’ lev thee to get a betther husbant wi two white e’en, iv tha con find one.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Ross Howard, “Re: Fox News on Terrorism”, in alt.usage.english (Usenet):",
          "text": "Although, wait -- best avoid rocks. Terrorists are known to cob them at the democratic forces of law and order in the free world.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw, chuck, lob."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-verb-kEcOVn84",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "chuck",
          "chuck"
        ],
        [
          "lob",
          "lob"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern UK, colloquial) To throw, chuck, lob."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-UK",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 40 6 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1778, William Pryce, Mineralogia Cornubiensis, James Phillips, page 327:",
          "text": "A ſhade or ſhelter from the weather, under which the Cobbers cob the Ore.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1884, Wheaton Bradish Kunhardt, The Practice of Ore Dressing in Europe, page 20:",
          "text": "Pyrites with galena, gangue, and a little blende—separately cobbed, with other material of the same nature, by expert workers to minimize the quantity of dust, and then yielding: […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1894, A. G. Charleton, \"The Choice of Coarse and Fine-Crushing Machinery and Processes of Ore Treatment\", part IV, in Transactions of the Federated Institution of Mining Engineers, volume VI (M. Walton Brown, ed.), Andrew Reid, Sons & Co., page 95",
          "text": "[…] it is not less ridiculous for instance to place a man, who may be perhaps an adept at spalling stones, in charge of a mill at the salary of a first-class foreman, than it would be to put the latter to cob ore at the wage of a labourer."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1919, United States. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations, page 3:",
          "text": "These blocks are sledged by band, sorted and hand cobbed to remove impurities; but hand cobbing is slow and expensive.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1948, Gerald A. Munson, Fremont F. Clarke, Studies on Methods for Recovering Scrap Mica from Pegmatite of the Black Hills, South Dakota, page 9:",
          "text": "The bulk of adhering rock is cobbed, and the mica is shipped to grinding plants",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1961, John Calvin Reed, “Geology of the Mount McKinley quadrangle, Alaska”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), →OCLC, page 13:",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1968, National Research Council (U.S.). Materials Advisory Board. Committee on Technical Aspects of Critical and Strategic Materials, Trends in Usage of Beryllium and Beryllium Oxide, page 2:",
          "text": "The beryl is cobbed out by hand, since no method for successful beneficiation has been developed and applied.\nFor this reason medium-grained granite is most adaptable, if it may be split and cobbed readily along rift and grain directions.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Lynne Mayers, Balmaidens, The Hypatia Trust,, →ISBN, page 28:",
          "text": "It was not unusual for the older girls to stay on after 5 p.m. for another two hours or so, to buck or cob an extra one or two barrows.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Kenneth A. Walsh, Beryllium Chemistry and Processing, →ISBN, page 25:",
          "text": "Capacity is also available for the export of an additional 1000 metric tons of cobbed beryl per year.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, Patricia Mercier, Crystal Skulls & the Enigma of Time, Appendix 2, →ISBN:",
          "text": "A more likely explanation is that ancient crystal skull carvers first chipped (cobbed) piecees off a block of material that was destined to be shaped into a skull.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To chip off unwanted pieces of stone, so as to form a desired shape or improve the quality of mineral ore."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-verb-gF~OJ2oa"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cobbe",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fight"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cobbe (“fight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blow"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cob (“blow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "kubbur",
        "3": "kubba",
        "t": "chop"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic kubba (“chop”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly onomatopoeic, but it has also been suggested that the word could be a continuation of Middle English cobbe (“fight”), a borrowing of Welsh cob (“blow”), or a cognate of Icelandic kubba (“chop”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cob (plural cobs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 40 6 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "October 28 1828/9?, J. Ross, Cherokee Laws:",
          "text": "Such negro so offending shall receive fifteen cobbs or paddles for every such offence.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-3GtH39my"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "cob",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "cobble"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1994, Anna M. Hill, David M. Lodge, “Diel Changes in Resource Demand: Competition and Predation in Species Replacement among Crayfishes”, in Ecology, volume 75, page 2122:",
          "text": "Habitats were sand, cobble (cob), sand with macrophytes (s\\m) and muck with macrophytes (m\\m).",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Christian Vogt & Wolfhard Symader, \"Evaluation of Small Rivers by Combining Biological Sampling with a Structure Analysis of River Beds\", in Fiona J. Dyer, Martin C. Thomas, & Jon M. Olley (eds.), The Structure, Function and Management Implications of Fluvial Sedimentary Systems, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, page 71",
          "text": "List and short characteristics of sampling sites (br = bedrock, cob = cobble, gra = gravel, peb = pebble, sa = sand)."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Cécile Claret, Andrew J. Boulton, “Integrating Hydraulic Conductivity with Biogeochemical Gradients and Microbial Activity along River–Groundwater Exchange Zones in a Subtropical Stream”, in Hydrogeology Journal, volume 17, page 153:",
          "text": "Surface substrate is expressed as the dominant particles (cob cobble, peb pebble, boul boulder)….",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Abbreviation of cobble."
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-QfRYghzW",
      "links": [
        [
          "cobble",
          "cobble#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "COB"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of COB"
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-en-noun-7smt8IVb",
      "links": [
        [
          "COB",
          "COB#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "kob"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French kob",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "wo",
        "3": "kooba"
      },
      "expansion": "Wolof kooba",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French kob, from a West African language, probably Wolof kooba.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "cob m (plural cobs)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ca",
          "name": "Antelopes",
          "orig": "ca:Antelopes",
          "parents": [
            "Even-toed ungulates",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kob (Kobus kob, a species of African antelope related to the waterbuck)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-ca-noun-vR8O4VmB",
      "links": [
        [
          "kob",
          "kob"
        ],
        [
          "waterbuck",
          "waterbuck"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cob",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chob",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "cob n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Irish",
  "lang_code": "mga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "victory"
      ],
      "id": "en-cob-mga-noun-IWZcogHU",
      "links": [
        [
          "victory",
          "victory"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) victory"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "kob"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French kob",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "wo",
        "3": "kooba"
      },
      "expansion": "Wolof kooba",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French kob, from a West African language, probably Wolof kooba.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "cob m (plural cobs)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan countable nouns",
        "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
        "Catalan lemmas",
        "Catalan masculine nouns",
        "Catalan nouns",
        "Catalan terms borrowed from French",
        "Catalan terms derived from French",
        "Catalan terms derived from Wolof",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "ca:Antelopes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kob (Kobus kob, a species of African antelope related to the waterbuck)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kob",
          "kob"
        ],
        [
          "waterbuck",
          "waterbuck"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English three-letter words",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb/1 syllable",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Faroese translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Kashmiri translations",
    "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Volapük translations",
    "Terms with Walloon translations",
    "en:Birch family plants",
    "en:Building materials",
    "en:Croakers",
    "en:Gulls",
    "en:Male animals",
    "en:Scorpaeniform fish",
    "en:Spiders",
    "en:Swans"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "sense": "person of mixed race",
      "word": "list in mulatto"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cobby"
    },
    {
      "word": "cobette"
    },
    {
      "word": "cobful"
    },
    {
      "word": "cobhouse"
    },
    {
      "word": "cobiron"
    },
    {
      "word": "cobless"
    },
    {
      "word": "cobswan"
    },
    {
      "word": "cobwall"
    },
    {
      "word": "cobwork"
    },
    {
      "word": "corn-cob"
    },
    {
      "word": "corn on the cob"
    },
    {
      "word": "have a cob on"
    },
    {
      "word": "sea cob"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "cobbe",
        "t": "male swan; gang leader; bully"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kobbi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kobbi (“seal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cot",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cottage"
      },
      "expansion": "English cot (“cottage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "top, tuft"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cob (“top, tuft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kübel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "large container"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kübel (“large container”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. The word has many disparate senses, which are likely of diverse origin. The specifics of these origins have long been debated, as has the question of which senses arise from which origins. At least the swan sense originated in Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”). Some other senses likely originated as a variant of cop (“head, top, peak, summit”). In other senses, the word may be related to cub, itself of obscure origin but possibly from Old Norse kobbi (“seal”). However, many alternative etymologies have been proposed to account for some or all senses of cob; various sources have related it, for example, to English cot (“cottage”), Welsh cob (“top, tuft”), or German Kübel (“large container”). All these etymologies are disputed, and the exact origins of cob cannot be known with any certainty.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "cob (countable and uncountable, plural cobs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1818, William Cobbett, A Year’s Residence in the United States of America, part I, Clayton and Kingsland, page 18",
          "text": "The grains, each of which is about the bulk of the largest marrowfat pea, are placed all round a stalk, which goes up the middle, and this little stalk, to which the seeds adhere, is called the Corn Cob."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1849, Charles Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States of North America, volume II, Harper & Brothers, page 64:",
          "text": "I passed some mills in which the grain, cob, and husk were all ground up together for the cattle and hogs….",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1994, Douglas Coupland, Life After God, Washington Square Press,, →ISBN, page 80:",
          "text": "Dad had placed a cob of corn on a stump for the jays, who bickered over it non-stop.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A corncob."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "corncob",
          "corncob"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1807, General View of the Agriculture of the County of Essex, page 14:",
          "text": "Examining the cob of the plants now in seed, I found them very full of fine seed.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1849, New York (State). Legislature. Assembly, Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, page 742:",
          "text": "The following analyses exhibit the composition of the ash of the grain and cob of three specimens, grown on different soils, in Lewis county, in 1847",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1909, Cape of Good Hope (Colony). Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope - Volume 35, page 108:",
          "text": "About the end of October last, as an experiment, I selected seed from a Hickory King cob of above and planted twenty rows with from twenty to thirty seeds in each row, rows three feet apart.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1931, Indian Botanical Society, The Journal of the Indian Botanical Society, page 22:",
          "text": "One of the branches developed into a fully-formed cob, though it was thinner than the normal cob of the variety.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The seed-bearing head of a plant."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "cobnut"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English clippings",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1782, John Nichols, A select collection of poems, page 123:",
          "text": "Thy plumbs are fair indeed, but void of taste; And those large thick-shell cobs the teeth will guast.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1868, Charles Darwin, The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, volume I, John Murray, page 357:",
          "text": "This kind of husk also protects the nut from birds, for titmice (Parus) have been observed to pass over filberts, and attack cobs and common nuts growing in the same orchard.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1979, Jocasta Innes, The Country Kitchen, Frances Lincoln Limited, published 2003, →ISBN, page 257:",
          "text": "Pickled walnuts are excellent if you can get hold of green walnuts, but other green nuts – hazel, cob, filbert – can be used instead.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Carleen Madigan, editor, The Essential Guide to Back Garden Self-Sufficiency, Timber Press, published 2010, page 145:",
          "text": "The nuts of the filbert are slightly longer and narrower than the cob.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Clipping of cobnut."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cobnut",
          "cobnut#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "clipping",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1664, John Witherings, “The Orders, Laws, and Ancient Customs of Swans”, in The Harleian Miscellany, volume VII, published 1810, page 292:",
          "text": "In all common streams, and private waters, when cygnets are taken up, the owner of the cob must chuse the first cygnet, and the pen the next, and so in order….",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1970, E. B. White, The Trumpet of the Swan, HarperCollins, published 2000, →ISBN, page 22:",
          "text": "The cob waddled out onto the island and looked in the nest.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Nicole Helget, Swans, Creative Education,, →ISBN, page 22:",
          "text": "The cob will defend the nest and the eggs.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A male swan."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "swan",
          "swan"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "East Anglian English",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1668, Thomas Browne, \"Notes on Certain Birds Found in Norfolk\", in Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk, Jarrold & Sons (1902), pages 8–9",
          "text": "Here is also the pica marina or seapye many sorts of Lari, seamewes & cobs."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1773, Antoine-Joseph Pernety, The History of a Voyage to the Malouine (or Falkland), page 178:",
          "text": "On Saturday the 28th we saw a whale, two sea-wolves, and two penguins; in the afternoon there appeared great numbers of ospreys, and sea-cobs, and we met with some sea-grass, with long leaves.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1820, Sir Richard Phillips and Co. (tr.), Travels in Brazil (in New Voyages and Travels, volume III), translation of Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied, Reise nach Brasilien (1817), page 21",
          "text": "We found here a species of cob, with a grey head, red beak and feet, very much resembling our larus ribibundus…."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895, A Son of the Marshes [Denham Jordan], The Wild-Fowl and Sea-Fowl of Great Britain, Chapman and Hall, page 312",
          "text": "The Raven has a very ancient look about him, as if he could tell a lot if he thought proper, but the Cob looks weird and uncanny, as if he was continually thinking over the creatures that he had seen go down to Davy’s locker."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A gull, especially the black-backed gull (Larus marinus); also spelled cobb."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gull",
          "gull"
        ],
        [
          "Larus marinus",
          "Larus marinus#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "cobb",
          "cobb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(East Anglia) A gull, especially the black-backed gull (Larus marinus); also spelled cobb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "East-Anglia",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Midlands English",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1877, Mackenzie E. C. Walcott, The Early Statutes of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Chichester, J. B. Nichols and Sons, page 38:",
          "text": "The cob was a cracknel or simnel made of fine flour.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1958, Brendan Behan, Borstal Boy, Nonpareil, published 1982, →ISBN, page 86:",
          "text": "…I sat there and broke the crust of my cob of bread.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Sheila Dunwell, “Progress or Less”, in Poetry—Love It, Hate It, Read It and See, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 85:",
          "text": "I want to do a manual job / Even bake a lovely bread cob",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A round, often crusty roll or loaf of bread."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "roll",
          "roll"
        ],
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ],
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Midlands) A round, often crusty roll or loaf of bread."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Midlands",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1602, Richard Carew, The Svrvey of Cornwall, new edition (1769), page 53",
          "text": "The poore Cotager contenteth himſelfe with Cob for his wals, and Thatch for his couering…."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1889, T. N. Brushfield, \"The Birthplace of Sir Walter Raleigh\", in Reports and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art, volume XXI, W. Brendon & Son, page 323",
          "text": "The walls are of cob, the external ones being about 2 feet 8 inches thick, and rest on a stone foundation."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007 October 6, Cecelia Goodnow, “Thinking of Building a Cob Home?”, in The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, page E8:",
          "text": "…cob falls outside the building code, so planners would want documentation of how the adobelike material performs.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018, Ine Wouters, Stephanie van de Voorde, Inge Bertels, Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, volume 2, page 790:",
          "text": "Some tests have been carried out to evaluate the stabilizing effect on cob of modern materials such as gypsum, lime and cement (McPadden & Pavia 2016).",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth, similar to adobe; also called cobb, rammed earth or pisé."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adobe",
          "adobe"
        ],
        [
          "cobb",
          "cobb"
        ],
        [
          "rammed earth",
          "rammed earth"
        ],
        [
          "pisé",
          "pisé"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) A building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth, similar to adobe; also called cobb, rammed earth or pisé."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1828, Winthrop Mackworth Praed, \"A Letter of Advice\", in The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal, volume 23, part II, S. and H. Bentley, page 543",
          "text": "If he comes to you riding a cob…"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1841, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, Chapman and Hall, page 289:",
          "text": "He was well-mounted upon a sturdy chestnut cob, and had the graceful seat of an experienced horseman….",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Philippa Gregory, Changeling, Simon Pulse,, →ISBN, page 36:",
          "text": "Freize rode a strong cob and led a donkey laden with their belongings.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A horse having a stout body and short legs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1701, Daniel Mac-Cay, testimony in the trial of Patrick Hurly, transcribed in A Complete Collection of State-Trials, and Proceedings upon High-Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours, volume 5, 2nd edition (1730), page 404",
          "text": "…he put his Hand in his Pocket and pull’d out ſome Gold, ſome Broadpieces and a Gold Cob…."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1718, Observations on raising the value of money, page 4:",
          "text": "They fancied, that he who sold a Stone of Wool for Two Cobs, callid 9s. when Cobs were raised would sell his Stone for a Cob and a half when called 9s.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1774, J. Hawkesworth, “An Account of the life of Dr. Swift”, in The Works of Jonathan Swift, page xx:",
          "text": "As this sum was greater than ever Swift had been master of at any one time before, he pushed over, without reckoning them, a good number of the siver cobs (for it was all in that specie) to the honest sailor, and desired he would accept them for his trouble.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1784, Thomas Sheridan, The Life of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin, volume I, pages 7–8:",
          "text": "He then drew out a large leathern bag, and poured out the contents, which were ſilver cobs, upon the table.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1793, Samuel Ancell, A circumstantial journal of the blockade and siege of Gibraltar, page 24:",
          "text": "Our fituation every day appears more alarming, there being a scarcity of almost every thing in the garrison — fire-wood a cob per hundred; flour five rials per pound; no fresh meat except an old cow, or worn-out ox, (only one perhaps killed in a month) which is sold at four and a half and five rials per pound; fowls twenty to twenty-four rials each; a goose ten dollars; a turkey twenty dollars; eggs a cob the dozen; and every other necessary in proporition.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1795, Mark Moore, The Memoirs and Adventures of Mark Moore Late an Officer in the British Navy, page 49:",
          "text": "Several of the artillery officers, the Welch fusileers, and a few navy officers, spent the evening at a tavern, well known by the name of Miss Loftus's; on payment of our reckoning, Captain Wilcox was deficient a cob (value about four shillings and ninepence) the payment of which, was offered to him by a Mr. Funston, a lieutenant fireworker;",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Todd Cook, The Lost Coins of Early Americans: Still A Secret!, Xulon Press,, →ISBN, page 90:",
          "text": "It’s absolutely possible to find an affordable ($20-$35) low to average circulated Spanish silver cob dated around or before 1692, especially if you’re willing to settle for the smaller half real or one real cobs.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Alvin Rabushka, Taxation in Colonial America, Princeton University Press,, →ISBN, page 154:",
          "text": "Cobs were usually irregularly shaped. They were a means to account for a specific amount of silver in a coin that could be used for commerce.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of the gold and silver coins that were minted in the Spanish Empire and valued in reales or escudos, such as the piece of eight—especially those which were crudely struck and irregularly shaped."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "coin",
          "coin"
        ],
        [
          "mint",
          "mint"
        ],
        [
          "real",
          "real"
        ],
        [
          "escudo",
          "escudo"
        ],
        [
          "piece of eight",
          "piece of eight"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1583, Richard Stanyhurst (tr.), The First Fovre Bookes of Virgils Æneis, Henrie Bynneman, page 86",
          "text": "I ſaw fleſh bluddie toe ſlauer, / When the cob had maunged the gobets foule garbaged haulfe quick."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1583, Phillip Stubbes, The Second Part of the Anatomie of Abuses, N. Trübner & Co. (1882), page 27",
          "text": "But I would not haue a few rich cobs to get into their clowches almoſt whole countries, ſo as the poore can haue no releefe by them."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1602, Tudor Facsimile Texts:",
          "text": "There comes no good of greedie Cobs:",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1827, anonymous angler quoted in William Hone, The Every-Day Book, volume II, part II, Hunt and Clarke, page 769",
          "text": "For fishing and shuting, he was the cob of all this country!"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who is eminent, great, large, or rich."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) One who is eminent, great, large, or rich."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A spider (cf. cobweb)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spider",
          "spider"
        ],
        [
          "cobweb",
          "cobweb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A small fish, the miller's thumb."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "miller's thumb",
          "miller's thumb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A large fish, especially the kabeljou (variant spelling of kob)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kabeljou",
          "kabeljou"
        ],
        [
          "kob",
          "kob"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1598, Ben Jonson, Every Man in His Humour, in The Modern British Drama, 3rd volume, James Ballantyne and Co. (1811), page 5",
          "text": "The first red herring that was broil’d in Adam and Eve’s kitchen, do I fetch my pedigree from, by the Harrot’s book. His Cob was my great-great-mighty-great grandfather."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1599, Thomas Nashe, “Lenten Stuffe”, in The Harleian Miscellany, volume VI, published 1745, page 156:",
          "text": "…not a Scrap of him, but the Cobs of the two Herrings, the Fiſhermen had eaten, remained of him….",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1605, Thomas Dekker, The Honest Whore, in The Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, 2nd volume, John Pearson (1873), page 147",
          "text": "…he can come bragging hither with foure white Herrings (at’s taile) in blue Coates without roes in their bellies, but I may ſtarue ere he giue me ſo much as a cob."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The head of a herring."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ],
        [
          "herring",
          "herring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) The head of a herring."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1689, Charles Cotton, Poems on Several Occasions, page 197:",
          "text": "Perhaps though in time one may make them to yield, But 'tis pretty'st Cob-Castle e'er I beheld.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1768, Philosophical Transactions: Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours, of the Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World., page 114:",
          "text": "There is a small cob on this hill by some supposed to have been a fort: if it was, it must have been a very small one; tho' I rather take it for a tumulus than an exploratory tower.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tower or small castle on top of a hill."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tower",
          "tower"
        ],
        [
          "castle",
          "castle"
        ],
        [
          "hill",
          "hill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A tower or small castle on top of a hill."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1667, John Wilkins, A Discourse concerning the Gift of Prayer, etc, page 59:",
          "text": "Who can make the worm a cob to thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and make the hills as chaff.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A thresher."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thresher",
          "thresher"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A thresher."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "en:Music"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cylinder with pins in it, encoding music to be played back mechanically by a barrel organ."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "music",
          "music"
        ],
        [
          "cylinder",
          "cylinder"
        ],
        [
          "pin",
          "pin"
        ],
        [
          "barrel organ",
          "barrel organ"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(music, historical) A cylinder with pins in it, encoding music to be played back mechanically by a barrel organ."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "entertainment",
        "lifestyle",
        "music"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms",
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1885, Stanley Harris, The Coaching Age, London: R. Bentley and son, page 237:",
          "text": "[…] but he does not say whether the nobleman is a mulatto or half-caste, or what advantage is to be derived from purchasing a cob belonging to \"a dark-brown nobleman.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1902, Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, page 214:",
          "text": "The young mother was darker than either of her parents, and might be taken for a cob (the offspring of a mulatto and a negro), but the baby looked to be almost pure Indian.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1912, James Rodway, Guiana: British, Dutch, and French, page 190:",
          "text": "A cob is a reversion towards the negro, the child of one black parent with a mulatto, three-quarters black and hardly distinguishable. The mustee or quadroon, who is three-fourths white, and the costee or octoroon may be considered[…]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person of mixed black and white ancestry, especially a griffe; a mulatto."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "griffe",
          "griffe"
        ],
        [
          "mulatto",
          "mulatto"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated or historical) A person of mixed black and white ancestry, especially a griffe; a mulatto."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "dated",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "mǎžki lebed",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "word": "мъжки лебед"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "english": "there is no special word in Faroese for cob in this sense",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "svanasteggi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "word": "urosjoutsen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "english": "there is no special word in French for cob in this sense",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cygne mâle"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "note": "Schwanenmännchen (cf. Schwanen-, Männchen n)",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "männlicher Schwan"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "arsenikós kýknos",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "αρσενικός κύκνος"
    },
    {
      "code": "ks",
      "lang": "Kashmiri",
      "roman": "ạnz",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "أنٛز"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "łabędź"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "lebădoi"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "english": "there is no special word in Spanish for cob in this sense",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cisne macho"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "english": "there is no special word in Swedish for cob in this sense",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "svanhane"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "male swan",
      "word": "hisvan"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kirpič",
      "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кирпич"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "torchis"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
      "word": "vályog"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "kâhgel",
      "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
      "word": "کاهگل"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "arzax",
      "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
      "word": "ارزخ"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stramé"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "payrou"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "building material of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth",
      "word": "plåstea"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ippário",
      "sense": "horse having a stout body and short legs",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ιππάριο"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "horse having a stout body and short legs",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "leathchapall"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "horse having a stout body and short legs",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gearrchapall"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "horse having a stout body and short legs",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "klippare"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English three-letter words",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb/1 syllable",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Faroese translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Kashmiri translations",
    "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Volapük translations",
    "Terms with Walloon translations",
    "en:Birch family plants",
    "en:Building materials",
    "en:Croakers",
    "en:Gulls",
    "en:Male animals",
    "en:Scorpaeniform fish",
    "en:Spiders",
    "en:Swans"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "cobbe",
        "t": "male swan; gang leader; bully"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kobbi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kobbi (“seal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cot",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cottage"
      },
      "expansion": "English cot (“cottage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "top, tuft"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cob (“top, tuft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kübel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "large container"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kübel (“large container”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. The word has many disparate senses, which are likely of diverse origin. The specifics of these origins have long been debated, as has the question of which senses arise from which origins. At least the swan sense originated in Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”). Some other senses likely originated as a variant of cop (“head, top, peak, summit”). In other senses, the word may be related to cub, itself of obscure origin but possibly from Old Norse kobbi (“seal”). However, many alternative etymologies have been proposed to account for some or all senses of cob; various sources have related it, for example, to English cot (“cottage”), Welsh cob (“top, tuft”), or German Kübel (“large container”). All these etymologies are disputed, and the exact origins of cob cannot be known with any certainty.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cob (third-person singular simple present cobs, present participle cobbing, simple past and past participle cobbed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004, Joe Kennedy, Building Without Borders: Sustainable Construction for the Global Village, →ISBN, page 178:",
          "text": "Windows and other details can be cobbed into place, and niches and reliefs are easy to create.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Marian Keeler, Bill Burke, Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building, →ISBN, page 304:",
          "text": "The technique appeals to alternative builders because of its ability to be sculpted, its use of waste materials, and its pest resistant properties. Each course is tamped down, or \"cobbed,\" to impart strength and to aid in curing.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, Gordon Salberg, “Paper houses: papercrete and fidobe”, in The Art of Natural Building, →ISBN, page 174:",
          "text": "And there is another alternative: both papercrete and fidobe can be cobbed.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To construct using mud blocks or to seal a wall using mud or an artificial equivalent."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "construct",
          "construct"
        ],
        [
          "block",
          "block"
        ],
        [
          "seal",
          "seal"
        ],
        [
          "artificial",
          "artificial"
        ],
        [
          "equivalent",
          "equivalent"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1907, Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales - Volume 17, page 731:",
          "text": "Ninety Day came to maturity very early and cobbed plentifully, but the grain proved shallow and lacking in meal.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1951, Monthly Crop & Live Stock Report - Volumes 368-416, page 14:",
          "text": "Corn was a bumper crop and cobbed much above average so that silage will be above average in feeding value.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019, C. W. Bryde, From Chart House to Bush Hut, page 64:",
          "text": "We were presently in the maize country. It looked beautiful. Miles of waving, dark green, tasselled corn just cobbing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To have the heads mature into corncobs."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "corncobs",
          "corncob"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of growing corn) To have the heads mature into corncobs."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of growing corn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1969, Jim Henderson, Open Country Calling: People and Places Out of Town, page 82:",
          "text": "Darning socks, knitting, fancy work, cooking, housework, cobbing corn.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1976, Lisgar Collegiate Institute, Vox Lycei 1975-1976, page 21:",
          "text": "Here are some of the pople who made this yearbook easy to live with: […] David Littlejohn and Martin Munroe for their concessions, All the people who cobbed corn, Sara Perry for her steadfastness and warm smile in the coffee shop, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017, Acharya Shunya, Ayurveda Lifestyle Wisdom:",
          "text": "Besides, the joy of shelling fresh peas or cobbing the corn in the right season is a great feeling!",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To remove the kernels from a corncob."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "corncob",
          "corncob"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1847, British Farmer's Magazine - Issue 10, page 510:",
          "text": "The price paid for cobbing (separating the seed from the straw) and drawing the seed of red and white clover is from 3s. 6d. to 4s. 6d. the bushel of 5 stone of seed.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1897, The British Trade Journal - Volume 35, page 235:",
          "text": "In the new machine under notice, clover can be \"cobbed\" and \"hulled\" or \"drawn,\" and the seed delivered in one operation, the whole being done at the stack side in the open air and in one-thired of the time previously occupied.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To thresh."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thresh",
          "thresh"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1762, Louis François Henri de Menon (Marquis de Turbilly.), A discourse on the cultivation of waste and barren lands, page 90:",
          "text": "I have in this manner cobbed, with great success, lands that had formerly been in tillage, which would no longer bring corn because they were exhausted, either by consecutive crops or by the great quantity of weeks, which impoverished them: these became as good as my regularly cobbed lands.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To break up ground with a hoe."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hoe",
          "hoe"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English onomatopoeias",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English three-letter words",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb/1 syllable",
    "en:Birch family plants",
    "en:Building materials",
    "en:Croakers",
    "en:Gulls",
    "en:Male animals",
    "en:Scorpaeniform fish",
    "en:Spiders",
    "en:Swans"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "topics": [
        "mining",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "sledge"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "mining",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "spall"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cobbe",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fight"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cobbe (“fight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blow"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cob (“blow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "kubbur",
        "3": "kubba",
        "t": "chop"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic kubba (“chop”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly onomatopoeic, but it has also been suggested that the word could be a continuation of Middle English cobbe (“fight”), a borrowing of Welsh cob (“blow”), or a cognate of Icelandic kubba (“chop”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cobbed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cob (third-person singular simple present cobs, present participle cobbing, simple past and past participle cobbed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1803, Andrew Mitchell, \"Extract from the Trial of the Mutineers on board the Bantry Bay Squadron\", The Annual Register, volume XLIV, R. Wilks, page 556",
          "text": "[…] he pulled off his hat, and said he was going to cob him for breaking the rules and laws of the ship’s company."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1862, United States Senate, Senate Documents - Volume 172, page 19:",
          "text": "White prisoners, and sometimes black ones, are put into the dungeon, and ironed; and black prisoners have been “cobbed.”",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1863, Susan Boggs, interview transcribed in Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies, ed. John Wesley Blassingame, Louisiana State University Press (1977), page 419",
          "text": "[…] this jail keeper took a piece of board with holes bored through it (what you call a paddle) and cobbed him and cobbed him, and, then they took salt and washed him."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Darius Rejali, Torture and Democracy, Princeton University Press,, →ISBN, page 272:",
          "text": "British officers cobbed infantrymen for petty offenses, and Irish schoolchildren were paddled for failing to remove their hats, becoming the first of many schoolchildren to be cobbed.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Darius Rejali, Torture and Democracy, page 272:",
          "text": "In the 1920s, French investigators cobbed every witness in piracy cases in Korea using instruments \"rather like a canoe paddle or a thick cricket bat, on a part where he could not be ijured, but where the bruises would show up beautifully.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, John D. Byrn, Naval Courts Martial, 1793-1815:",
          "text": "Kell replied, 'I have, five of them, and some told me you was in liquor or I would have cobbed you.'",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To beat with a flat instrument; to paddle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ],
        [
          "paddle",
          "paddle"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English colloquialisms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1862, Philip Gilbert Hamerton (quoting a Lancashire shepherd), A Painter’s Camp in the Highlands, volume I, Macmillan and Co., page 69",
          "text": "Well, sir, I’m sure I’d be rid of it fast enough if I could naut cob it away like a stoan."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1878, Robert Richardson, \"How the Fight was Stopped\", in The Young Cragsman, And Other Stories, William Oliphant and Co., page 72",
          "text": "Each had a stone in his grasp in an instant, and simultaneously they cobbed at Master Bunnie."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895, John Trafford Clegg, “James Leach”, in The Works of John Trafford Clegg, James Clegg, page 287:",
          "text": "Iv not, aw’ll cob mi fleawers i’ th’ fire, brun mi love wi ’em, turn mi back on thee once an’ for ever, an’ lev thee to get a betther husbant wi two white e’en, iv tha con find one.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Ross Howard, “Re: Fox News on Terrorism”, in alt.usage.english (Usenet):",
          "text": "Although, wait -- best avoid rocks. Terrorists are known to cob them at the democratic forces of law and order in the free world.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw, chuck, lob."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "chuck",
          "chuck"
        ],
        [
          "lob",
          "lob"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern UK, colloquial) To throw, chuck, lob."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-UK",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1778, William Pryce, Mineralogia Cornubiensis, James Phillips, page 327:",
          "text": "A ſhade or ſhelter from the weather, under which the Cobbers cob the Ore.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1884, Wheaton Bradish Kunhardt, The Practice of Ore Dressing in Europe, page 20:",
          "text": "Pyrites with galena, gangue, and a little blende—separately cobbed, with other material of the same nature, by expert workers to minimize the quantity of dust, and then yielding: […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1894, A. G. Charleton, \"The Choice of Coarse and Fine-Crushing Machinery and Processes of Ore Treatment\", part IV, in Transactions of the Federated Institution of Mining Engineers, volume VI (M. Walton Brown, ed.), Andrew Reid, Sons & Co., page 95",
          "text": "[…] it is not less ridiculous for instance to place a man, who may be perhaps an adept at spalling stones, in charge of a mill at the salary of a first-class foreman, than it would be to put the latter to cob ore at the wage of a labourer."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1919, United States. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations, page 3:",
          "text": "These blocks are sledged by band, sorted and hand cobbed to remove impurities; but hand cobbing is slow and expensive.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1948, Gerald A. Munson, Fremont F. Clarke, Studies on Methods for Recovering Scrap Mica from Pegmatite of the Black Hills, South Dakota, page 9:",
          "text": "The bulk of adhering rock is cobbed, and the mica is shipped to grinding plants",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1961, John Calvin Reed, “Geology of the Mount McKinley quadrangle, Alaska”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), →OCLC, page 13:",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1968, National Research Council (U.S.). Materials Advisory Board. Committee on Technical Aspects of Critical and Strategic Materials, Trends in Usage of Beryllium and Beryllium Oxide, page 2:",
          "text": "The beryl is cobbed out by hand, since no method for successful beneficiation has been developed and applied.\nFor this reason medium-grained granite is most adaptable, if it may be split and cobbed readily along rift and grain directions.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Lynne Mayers, Balmaidens, The Hypatia Trust,, →ISBN, page 28:",
          "text": "It was not unusual for the older girls to stay on after 5 p.m. for another two hours or so, to buck or cob an extra one or two barrows.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Kenneth A. Walsh, Beryllium Chemistry and Processing, →ISBN, page 25:",
          "text": "Capacity is also available for the export of an additional 1000 metric tons of cobbed beryl per year.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, Patricia Mercier, Crystal Skulls & the Enigma of Time, Appendix 2, →ISBN:",
          "text": "A more likely explanation is that ancient crystal skull carvers first chipped (cobbed) piecees off a block of material that was destined to be shaped into a skull.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To chip off unwanted pieces of stone, so as to form a desired shape or improve the quality of mineral ore."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English onomatopoeias",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English three-letter words",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb/1 syllable",
    "en:Birch family plants",
    "en:Building materials",
    "en:Croakers",
    "en:Gulls",
    "en:Male animals",
    "en:Scorpaeniform fish",
    "en:Spiders",
    "en:Swans"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cobbe",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fight"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cobbe (“fight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blow"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cob (“blow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "kubbur",
        "3": "kubba",
        "t": "chop"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic kubba (“chop”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly onomatopoeic, but it has also been suggested that the word could be a continuation of Middle English cobbe (“fight”), a borrowing of Welsh cob (“blow”), or a cognate of Icelandic kubba (“chop”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cobs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cob (plural cobs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "October 28 1828/9?, J. Ross, Cherokee Laws:",
          "text": "Such negro so offending shall receive fifteen cobbs or paddles for every such offence.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English three-letter words",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒb/1 syllable",
    "en:Birch family plants",
    "en:Building materials",
    "en:Croakers",
    "en:Gulls",
    "en:Male animals",
    "en:Scorpaeniform fish",
    "en:Spiders",
    "en:Swans"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "cob",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "cobble"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English abbreviations",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1994, Anna M. Hill, David M. Lodge, “Diel Changes in Resource Demand: Competition and Predation in Species Replacement among Crayfishes”, in Ecology, volume 75, page 2122:",
          "text": "Habitats were sand, cobble (cob), sand with macrophytes (s\\m) and muck with macrophytes (m\\m).",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Christian Vogt & Wolfhard Symader, \"Evaluation of Small Rivers by Combining Biological Sampling with a Structure Analysis of River Beds\", in Fiona J. Dyer, Martin C. Thomas, & Jon M. Olley (eds.), The Structure, Function and Management Implications of Fluvial Sedimentary Systems, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, page 71",
          "text": "List and short characteristics of sampling sites (br = bedrock, cob = cobble, gra = gravel, peb = pebble, sa = sand)."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Cécile Claret, Andrew J. Boulton, “Integrating Hydraulic Conductivity with Biogeochemical Gradients and Microbial Activity along River–Groundwater Exchange Zones in a Subtropical Stream”, in Hydrogeology Journal, volume 17, page 153:",
          "text": "Surface substrate is expressed as the dominant particles (cob cobble, peb pebble, boul boulder)….",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Abbreviation of cobble."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cobble",
          "cobble#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "COB"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of COB"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "COB",
          "COB#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kŏb",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-cob.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg/En-us-cob.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/En-us-cob.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cob",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chob",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "cob n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Irish",
  "lang_code": "mga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle Irish lemmas",
        "Middle Irish neuter nouns",
        "Middle Irish nouns",
        "Middle Irish poetic terms",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "victory"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "victory",
          "victory"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) victory"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "cob"
}

{
  "called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
  "msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
  "path": [
    "cob"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cob",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cob/Middle Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "cob"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cob",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "cob"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cob",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "cob"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cob",
  "trace": ""
}