See civitas on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for civitas meaning in All languages combined (19.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "civitas",
"4": "cīvitās"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin cīvitās",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "city"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of city",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin cīvitās. Doublet of city.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "civitates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "civitates"
},
"expansion": "civitas (plural civitates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 27 8 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the social body of the citizens united by law"
],
"id": "en-civitas-en-noun-lYE1NuHj",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Roman history) the social body of the citizens united by law"
],
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a city and its territory"
],
"id": "en-civitas-en-noun-GC22JL5D",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Roman history) a city and its territory"
],
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a community"
],
"id": "en-civitas-en-noun-2HyoU948",
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
]
],
"qualifier": "pedantic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pedantic) a community"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a state, (chiefly) a city-state"
],
"id": "en-civitas-en-noun-CoJY9O1P",
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"city-state",
"city-state"
]
],
"qualifier": "pedantic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pedantic) a state, (chiefly) a city-state"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈki.wɪˌtɑs/",
"note": "closer to Classical Latin"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃiviˌtɑs/",
"note": "closer to Classical Latin"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civitas"
],
"word": "civitas"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Aurēliāna civitas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civitas Aurēliāni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cīvitātula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cūrātor cīvitātis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dēfēnsor cīvitātis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "exāctor cīvitātis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "tsitati"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: tsitati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: tsitati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "četåte"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: četåte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: četåte"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cetate"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: cetate",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: cetate"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "cituot",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "cituot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "cituot"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "città"
},
"expansion": "Italian: città, cittade\n→ Sardinian: tzitade\n→ Slavomolisano: čita",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: città, cittade\n→ Sardinian: tzitade\n→ Slavomolisano: čita"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "cità",
"3": "cetate"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: cità, cetate",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: cità, cetate"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cità",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cità, citati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cità, citati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "çittæ"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: çittæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: çittæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "çitâ",
"3": "citâ"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: çitâ, citâ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: çitâ, citâ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "sità"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: sità",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: sità"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "citât"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: citât",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: citât"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "sità"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: sità",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: sità"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "zità"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: zità",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: zità"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "citad"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: citad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: citad"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "sità"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: sità",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: sità"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Gallo-Romance: (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oca",
"2": "ciutat"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan: ciutat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Catalan: ciutat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "citet"
},
"expansion": "Old French: citet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: citet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "ciutat"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: ciutat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: ciutat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ibero-Romance: (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oan",
"2": "ciudat"
},
"expansion": "Navarro-Aragonese: ciudat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Navarro-Aragonese: ciudat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "cidade"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cidade",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cidade"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "cibdat"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: cibdat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: cibdat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "Sa Chitade",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sardinian: Sa Chitade",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sardinian: Sa Chitade"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "ciudá"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: ciudá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: ciudá"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "Cividade",
"3": "Subidá"
},
"expansion": "Galician: Cividade, Subidá",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toponyms"
},
"expansion": "(toponyms)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: Cividade, Subidá (toponyms)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "cidade"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: cidade",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: cidade"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "civitas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: civitas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: civitas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Albanian: [Term?]",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Albanian: [Term?]"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qytet"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: qytet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: qytet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kiwdọd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kiwdọd",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kiwdọd (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ceivitās"
},
"expansion": "ceivitās",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*keiwitāts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *keiwitāts",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cīvis",
"3": "-tās",
"gloss1": "citizen"
},
"expansion": "cīvis (“citizen”) + -tās",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier ceivitās, from Proto-Italic *keiwitāts. Equivalent to cīvis (“citizen”) + -tās.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cīvitās",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitāte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cīvitās<3.I>",
"gen_pl": "cīvitātium/cīvitātum"
},
"expansion": "cīvitās f (genitive cīvitātis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cīvitās<3>",
"footnote": "The genitive plural in -um is the etymologically expected one as well as the more frequent.",
"gen_pl": "cīvitātum/cīvitātium"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cīvicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cīvis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cīvīle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cīvīlis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cīvīliter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cīvīlitās"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 14 5 13 14 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "la:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"citizenship and its rights; often referring to Roman citizenship"
],
"id": "en-civitas-la-noun-fmLvyANY",
"links": [
[
"citizenship",
"citizenship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin) citizenship and its rights; often referring to Roman citizenship"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 15 11 20 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 44 27 0 7 22 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "la:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 14 5 13 14 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "la:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the state, body politic, citizens of a territory (collectively)"
],
"id": "en-civitas-la-noun-UTgfBLt6",
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"body politic",
"body politic"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin) the state, body politic, citizens of a territory (collectively)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 15 11 20 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 14 5 13 14 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "la:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a city and all external territory (thus distinguished from urbs)"
],
"id": "en-civitas-la-noun-83E9GQeG",
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"territory",
"territory"
],
[
"urbs",
"urbs#Latin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin, metonymically) a city and all external territory (thus distinguished from urbs)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-3",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 15 11 20 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"city-states, kingdoms, or tribes, especially under Roman rule."
],
"id": "en-civitas-la-noun-hXYmaJxt",
"links": [
[
"city-state",
"city-state"
],
[
"kingdom",
"kingdom"
],
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin, metonymically) city-states, kingdoms, or tribes, especially under Roman rule."
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-3",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 15 16 11 25 8 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 15 11 20 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 14 5 13 14 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "la:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In those days that the Lombards invaded Italy, he began Vincentia & Verona and the rest of the Venetian cities, and possessed Ticino for three years.",
"text": "His diebus Langobardi Italia invaserunt, Vincentiam Veronamque et reliquas Venetiarum civitates coepit, et per tres annos Ticino possedit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a city: a major, biblical, or specially incorporated town, particularly cathedral cities"
],
"id": "en-civitas-la-noun-49IugjG~",
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"cathedral cities",
"cathedral city"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a city: a major, biblical, or specially incorporated town, particularly cathedral cities"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 14 5 13 14 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "la:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a borough: a walled settlement, sometimes particularly former Roman towns"
],
"id": "en-civitas-la-noun-uRKAHBoy",
"links": [
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"walled",
"walled"
],
[
"settlement",
"settlement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a borough: a walled settlement, sometimes particularly former Roman towns"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ecclesiastical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 15 12 13 16 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 15 11 20 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 14 5 13 14 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "la:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"either the Church or Heaven"
],
"id": "en-civitas-la-noun-G-KUtqOO",
"links": [
[
"Church",
"Church"
],
[
"Heaven",
"Heaven"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ecclesiastical Latin) either the Church or Heaven"
],
"tags": [
"Ecclesiastical",
"Latin",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiː.u̯i.taːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkiːu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi.vi.tas/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃiːvit̪äs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Old-Latin"
],
"word": "ceivitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cibitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "civetās"
}
],
"word": "civitas"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cīvitās",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin cīvitās",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cīvitās"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin cīvitās",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cīvitās.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "civitasuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "civitas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un civitas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște civitasuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "civitas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui civitas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor civitasuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "civitasuri"
},
"expansion": "civitas n (plural civitasuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "civitasurilor",
"gpi": "civitasuri",
"gsd": "civitasului",
"gsi": "civitas",
"n": "",
"npd": "civitasurile",
"npi": "civitasuri",
"nsd": "civitasul",
"nsi": "civitas",
"vp": "civitasurilor",
"vs": "civitasule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civitas"
],
"id": "en-civitas-ro-noun-7rgzIdXq",
"links": [
[
"civitas",
"civitas#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "civitas"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English unadapted borrowings from Latin"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "civitas",
"4": "cīvitās"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin cīvitās",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "city"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of city",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin cīvitās. Doublet of city.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "civitates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "civitates"
},
"expansion": "civitas (plural civitates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the social body of the citizens united by law"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Roman history) the social body of the citizens united by law"
],
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a city and its territory"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Roman history) a city and its territory"
],
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a community"
],
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
]
],
"qualifier": "pedantic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pedantic) a community"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a state, (chiefly) a city-state"
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"city-state",
"city-state"
]
],
"qualifier": "pedantic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pedantic) a state, (chiefly) a city-state"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈki.wɪˌtɑs/",
"note": "closer to Classical Latin"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃiviˌtɑs/",
"note": "closer to Classical Latin"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civitas"
],
"word": "civitas"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱey-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms suffixed with -tas",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"la:Government",
"la:Society"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Aurēliāna civitas"
},
{
"word": "civitas Aurēliāni"
},
{
"word": "cīvitātula"
},
{
"word": "cūrātor cīvitātis"
},
{
"word": "dēfēnsor cīvitātis"
},
{
"word": "exāctor cīvitātis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "tsitati"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: tsitati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: tsitati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "četåte"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: četåte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: četåte"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cetate"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: cetate",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: cetate"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "cituot",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "cituot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "cituot"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "città"
},
"expansion": "Italian: città, cittade\n→ Sardinian: tzitade\n→ Slavomolisano: čita",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: città, cittade\n→ Sardinian: tzitade\n→ Slavomolisano: čita"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "cità",
"3": "cetate"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: cità, cetate",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: cità, cetate"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cità",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cità, citati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cità, citati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "çittæ"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: çittæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: çittæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "çitâ",
"3": "citâ"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: çitâ, citâ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: çitâ, citâ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "sità"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: sità",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: sità"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "citât"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: citât",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: citât"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "sità"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: sità",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: sità"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "zità"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: zità",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: zità"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "citad"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: citad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: citad"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "sità"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: sità",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: sità"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Gallo-Romance: (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oca",
"2": "ciutat"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan: ciutat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Catalan: ciutat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "citet"
},
"expansion": "Old French: citet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: citet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "ciutat"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: ciutat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: ciutat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ibero-Romance: (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oan",
"2": "ciudat"
},
"expansion": "Navarro-Aragonese: ciudat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Navarro-Aragonese: ciudat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "cidade"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cidade",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cidade"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "cibdat"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: cibdat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: cibdat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "Sa Chitade",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sardinian: Sa Chitade",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sardinian: Sa Chitade"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "ciudá"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: ciudá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: ciudá"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "Cividade",
"3": "Subidá"
},
"expansion": "Galician: Cividade, Subidá",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toponyms"
},
"expansion": "(toponyms)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: Cividade, Subidá (toponyms)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "cidade"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: cidade",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: cidade"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "civitas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: civitas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: civitas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Albanian: [Term?]",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Albanian: [Term?]"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qytet"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: qytet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: qytet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kiwdọd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kiwdọd",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kiwdọd (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ceivitās"
},
"expansion": "ceivitās",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*keiwitāts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *keiwitāts",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cīvis",
"3": "-tās",
"gloss1": "citizen"
},
"expansion": "cīvis (“citizen”) + -tās",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier ceivitās, from Proto-Italic *keiwitāts. Equivalent to cīvis (“citizen”) + -tās.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cīvitās",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitāte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cīvitātēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cīvitās<3.I>",
"gen_pl": "cīvitātium/cīvitātum"
},
"expansion": "cīvitās f (genitive cīvitātis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cīvitās<3>",
"footnote": "The genitive plural in -um is the etymologically expected one as well as the more frequent.",
"gen_pl": "cīvitātum/cīvitātium"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cīvicus"
},
{
"word": "cīvis"
},
{
"word": "cīvīle"
},
{
"word": "cīvīlis"
},
{
"word": "cīvīliter"
},
{
"word": "cīvīlitās"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"citizenship and its rights; often referring to Roman citizenship"
],
"links": [
[
"citizenship",
"citizenship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin) citizenship and its rights; often referring to Roman citizenship"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"the state, body politic, citizens of a territory (collectively)"
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"body politic",
"body politic"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin) the state, body politic, citizens of a territory (collectively)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Latin",
"Latin metonyms"
],
"glosses": [
"a city and all external territory (thus distinguished from urbs)"
],
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"territory",
"territory"
],
[
"urbs",
"urbs#Latin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin, metonymically) a city and all external territory (thus distinguished from urbs)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-3",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Latin",
"Latin metonyms"
],
"glosses": [
"city-states, kingdoms, or tribes, especially under Roman rule."
],
"links": [
[
"city-state",
"city-state"
],
[
"kingdom",
"kingdom"
],
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin, metonymically) city-states, kingdoms, or tribes, especially under Roman rule."
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-3",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In those days that the Lombards invaded Italy, he began Vincentia & Verona and the rest of the Venetian cities, and possessed Ticino for three years.",
"text": "His diebus Langobardi Italia invaserunt, Vincentiam Veronamque et reliquas Venetiarum civitates coepit, et per tres annos Ticino possedit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a city: a major, biblical, or specially incorporated town, particularly cathedral cities"
],
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"cathedral cities",
"cathedral city"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a city: a major, biblical, or specially incorporated town, particularly cathedral cities"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a borough: a walled settlement, sometimes particularly former Roman towns"
],
"links": [
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"walled",
"walled"
],
[
"settlement",
"settlement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a borough: a walled settlement, sometimes particularly former Roman towns"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ecclesiastical Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"either the Church or Heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"Church",
"Church"
],
[
"Heaven",
"Heaven"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ecclesiastical Latin) either the Church or Heaven"
],
"tags": [
"Ecclesiastical",
"Latin",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiː.u̯i.taːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkiːu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi.vi.tas/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃiːvit̪äs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Old-Latin"
],
"word": "ceivitās"
},
{
"word": "cibitās"
},
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "civetās"
}
],
"word": "civitas"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cīvitās",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin cīvitās",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cīvitās"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin cīvitās",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cīvitās.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "civitasuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "civitas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un civitas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște civitasuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "civitas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui civitas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor civitasuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "civitasurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "civitasuri"
},
"expansion": "civitas n (plural civitasuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "civitasurilor",
"gpi": "civitasuri",
"gsd": "civitasului",
"gsi": "civitas",
"n": "",
"npd": "civitasurile",
"npi": "civitasuri",
"nsd": "civitasul",
"nsi": "civitas",
"vp": "civitasurilor",
"vs": "civitasule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"civitas"
],
"links": [
[
"civitas",
"civitas#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "civitas"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.