See circulus on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "circulus"
},
"expansion": "Latin circulus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circulus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circuli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "circuli"
},
"expansion": "circulus (plural circuli)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Herpetology",
"orig": "en:Herpetology",
"parents": [
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A social group of reptiles where there is interaction and personal exchange between individuals."
],
"id": "en-circulus-en-noun-j4u4QCXw",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology#English"
],
[
"herpetology",
"herpetology"
],
[
"social group",
"social group"
],
[
"reptile",
"reptile"
],
[
"interaction",
"interaction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology)",
"(herpetology) A social group of reptiles where there is interaction and personal exchange between individuals."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"herpetology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ichthyology",
"orig": "en:Ichthyology",
"parents": [
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A concentric growth ring found on the scales of fish. This ring develops around the focus of the fish's scale."
],
"id": "en-circulus-en-noun-en:123",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology#English"
],
[
"ichthyology",
"ichthyology"
],
[
"concentric",
"concentric"
],
[
"growth ring",
"growth ring"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"focus",
"focus#English:_part_of_a_fish's_scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology)",
"(ichthyology) A concentric growth ring found on the scales of fish. This ring develops around the focus of the fish's scale."
],
"senseid": [
"en:123"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ichthyology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"word": "circulus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Circulus Arcticus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cerchio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cerchio\n→ Aromanian: tserclju, tserchiu, tserkiu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cerchio\n→ Aromanian: tserclju, tserchiu, tserkiu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "circhiu",
"3": "chirchiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: circhiu, chirchiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: circhiu, chirchiu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Lucca"
},
"expansion": "(Lucca)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tuscan: chiercio (Lucca)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "cercli"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: cercli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: cercli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "çèrcio"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: çèrcio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: çèrcio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "sercc"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: sercc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: sercc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "sercc"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: sercc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: sercc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "tschierchel"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: tschierchel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: tschierchel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "cercio",
"3": "sercio",
"4": "sércio"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: cercio, sercio, sércio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: cercio, sercio, sércio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "cercllo"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: cercllo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: cercllo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cercle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: cercle\nFrench: cercle\nHaitian Creole: sèk\nNorman: cèrcl'ye (Jersey)\nWalloon: ceke\n→ Middle English: cercle, circle (Latin-influenced)\nEnglish: circle\nScots: circle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: cercle\nFrench: cercle\nHaitian Creole: sèk\nNorman: cèrcl'ye (Jersey)\nWalloon: ceke\n→ Middle English: cercle, circle (Latin-influenced)\nEnglish: circle\nScots: circle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "cerclo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: cerclo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: cerclo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cercle",
"3": "cèrcol"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: cercle, cèrcol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: cercle, cèrcol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "cercle",
"3": "sercle",
"4": "selcle"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: cercle, sercle, selcle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: cercle, sercle, selcle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cercle",
"3": "ceucle"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: cercle, ceucle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: cercle, ceucle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "chìlciu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: chìlciu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: chìlciu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qarkull",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: qarkull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: qarkull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "curcuru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: curcuru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: curcuru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kɨrxl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kɨrxl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kɨrxl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "circhl"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: circhl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: circhl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kɨlx",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Brythonic: *kɨlx\nBreton: kelc'h\nCornish: kelgh\nMiddle Welsh: kylch\nWelsh: cylch",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Brythonic: *kɨlx\nBreton: kelc'h\nCornish: kelgh\nMiddle Welsh: kylch\nWelsh: cylch"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ British Isles:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċircul"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċircul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċircul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "circul"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: circul\nMiddle Irish: circul\nIrish: ciorcal\nManx: kiarkyl\nScottish Gaelic: cearcall",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: circul\nMiddle Irish: circul\nIrish: ciorcal\nManx: kiarkyl\nScottish Gaelic: cearcall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Germany and environs:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "sirkel"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: sirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: sirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "cirkel"
},
"expansion": "Danish: cirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: cirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "cirkel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: cirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: cirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zirkel"
},
"expansion": "German: Zirkel\n→ Old Slovak: cirkeľ\nPannonian Rusyn: циркель (cirkelʹ)\n→ Russian: циркуль (cirkulʹ)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "German: Zirkel\n→ Old Slovak: cirkeľ\nPannonian Rusyn: циркель (cirkelʹ)\n→ Russian: циркуль (cirkulʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "cirkel"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: cirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: cirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: sirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "cirkel"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: cirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: cirkel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Iberia:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "círculu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: círculu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: círculu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "zirkulu"
},
"expansion": "Basque: zirkulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basque: zirkulu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "círculo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: círculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: círculo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "círculo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: círculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: círculo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "círculo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: círculo\n→ Catalan: círcol",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: círculo\n→ Catalan: círcol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Italy and environs:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "circol"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: circol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: circol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "circul"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: circul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: circul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "circolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: circolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: circolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "circul"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: circul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: circul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "círculu",
"3": "tzírculu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: círculu, tzírculu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: círculu, tzírculu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Circulus",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Circulus",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Circulus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Circulus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Circulus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "circus",
"3": "-ulus"
},
"expansion": "circus + -ulus",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From circus + -ulus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circulī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "circulus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circulō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circulum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circulō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "circulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "circlus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "circulus<2>"
},
"expansion": "circulus m (genitive circulī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "circulus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circulō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circulor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A circle (geometric figure)"
],
"id": "en-circulus-la-noun-u8f90TNU",
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An orbit (circular path)"
],
"id": "en-circulus-la-noun-LNiL62r2",
"links": [
[
"orbit",
"orbit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 22 1 1 39 3 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 1 1 43 2 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 75 3 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 24 17 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 60 9 7 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ulus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 61 5 6 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Shapes",
"orig": "la:Shapes",
"parents": [
"Geometry",
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ring, hoop"
],
"id": "en-circulus-la-noun-kEtou14s",
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"hoop",
"hoop"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A necklace, chain"
],
"id": "en-circulus-la-noun-8vkNKiOj",
"links": [
[
"necklace",
"necklace"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A company, social gathering, group"
],
"id": "en-circulus-la-noun-pPOR1HNF",
"links": [
[
"company",
"company"
],
[
"gathering",
"gathering"
],
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the sixth year of which [reign], the first cycle of Dionysius begins. — Bede, Chronica Minora",
"text": "Huius sexto anno primus Dionisi circulus inchoat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A calendrical cycle"
],
"id": "en-circulus-la-noun-EakKKd1e",
"links": [
[
"calendrical",
"calendrical"
],
[
"cycle",
"cycle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) A calendrical cycle"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkir.ku.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɪrkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃir.ku.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃirkulus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "circulus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Shapes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "circulus"
},
"expansion": "Latin circulus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circulus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circuli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "circuli"
},
"expansion": "circulus (plural circuli)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Herpetology",
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"A social group of reptiles where there is interaction and personal exchange between individuals."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology#English"
],
[
"herpetology",
"herpetology"
],
[
"social group",
"social group"
],
[
"reptile",
"reptile"
],
[
"interaction",
"interaction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology)",
"(herpetology) A social group of reptiles where there is interaction and personal exchange between individuals."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"herpetology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Ichthyology",
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"A concentric growth ring found on the scales of fish. This ring develops around the focus of the fish's scale."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology#English"
],
[
"ichthyology",
"ichthyology"
],
[
"concentric",
"concentric"
],
[
"growth ring",
"growth ring"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"focus",
"focus#English:_part_of_a_fish's_scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology)",
"(ichthyology) A concentric growth ring found on the scales of fish. This ring develops around the focus of the fish's scale."
],
"senseid": [
"en:123"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ichthyology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"word": "circulus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ulus",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Shapes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Circulus Arcticus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cerchio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cerchio\n→ Aromanian: tserclju, tserchiu, tserkiu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cerchio\n→ Aromanian: tserclju, tserchiu, tserkiu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "circhiu",
"3": "chirchiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: circhiu, chirchiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: circhiu, chirchiu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Lucca"
},
"expansion": "(Lucca)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tuscan: chiercio (Lucca)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "cercli"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: cercli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: cercli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "çèrcio"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: çèrcio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: çèrcio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "sercc"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: sercc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: sercc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "sercc"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: sercc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: sercc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "tschierchel"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: tschierchel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: tschierchel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "cercio",
"3": "sercio",
"4": "sércio"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: cercio, sercio, sércio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: cercio, sercio, sércio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "cercllo"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: cercllo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: cercllo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cercle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: cercle\nFrench: cercle\nHaitian Creole: sèk\nNorman: cèrcl'ye (Jersey)\nWalloon: ceke\n→ Middle English: cercle, circle (Latin-influenced)\nEnglish: circle\nScots: circle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: cercle\nFrench: cercle\nHaitian Creole: sèk\nNorman: cèrcl'ye (Jersey)\nWalloon: ceke\n→ Middle English: cercle, circle (Latin-influenced)\nEnglish: circle\nScots: circle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "cerclo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: cerclo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: cerclo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cercle",
"3": "cèrcol"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: cercle, cèrcol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: cercle, cèrcol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "cercle",
"3": "sercle",
"4": "selcle"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: cercle, sercle, selcle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: cercle, sercle, selcle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cercle",
"3": "ceucle"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: cercle, ceucle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: cercle, ceucle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "chìlciu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: chìlciu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: chìlciu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qarkull",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: qarkull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: qarkull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "curcuru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: curcuru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: curcuru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kɨrxl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kɨrxl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kɨrxl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "circhl"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: circhl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: circhl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kɨlx",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Brythonic: *kɨlx\nBreton: kelc'h\nCornish: kelgh\nMiddle Welsh: kylch\nWelsh: cylch",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Brythonic: *kɨlx\nBreton: kelc'h\nCornish: kelgh\nMiddle Welsh: kylch\nWelsh: cylch"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ British Isles:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċircul"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċircul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċircul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "circul"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: circul\nMiddle Irish: circul\nIrish: ciorcal\nManx: kiarkyl\nScottish Gaelic: cearcall",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: circul\nMiddle Irish: circul\nIrish: ciorcal\nManx: kiarkyl\nScottish Gaelic: cearcall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Germany and environs:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "sirkel"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: sirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: sirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "cirkel"
},
"expansion": "Danish: cirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: cirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "cirkel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: cirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: cirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zirkel"
},
"expansion": "German: Zirkel\n→ Old Slovak: cirkeľ\nPannonian Rusyn: циркель (cirkelʹ)\n→ Russian: циркуль (cirkulʹ)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "German: Zirkel\n→ Old Slovak: cirkeľ\nPannonian Rusyn: циркель (cirkelʹ)\n→ Russian: циркуль (cirkulʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "cirkel"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: cirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: cirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: sirkel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "cirkel"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: cirkel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: cirkel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Iberia:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "círculu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: círculu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: círculu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "zirkulu"
},
"expansion": "Basque: zirkulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basque: zirkulu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "círculo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: círculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: círculo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "círculo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: círculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: círculo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "círculo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: círculo\n→ Catalan: círcol",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: círculo\n→ Catalan: círcol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Italy and environs:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "circol"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: circol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: circol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "circul"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: circul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: circul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "circolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: circolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: circolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "circul"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: circul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: circul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "círculu",
"3": "tzírculu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: círculu, tzírculu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: círculu, tzírculu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Circulus",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Circulus",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Circulus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Circulus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Circulus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "circus",
"3": "-ulus"
},
"expansion": "circus + -ulus",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From circus + -ulus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circulī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "circulus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circulō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circulum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circulō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "circulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "circlus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "circulus<2>"
},
"expansion": "circulus m (genitive circulī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "circulus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "circā"
},
{
"word": "circiter"
},
{
"word": "circulō"
},
{
"word": "circulor"
},
{
"word": "circum"
},
{
"word": "circus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A circle (geometric figure)"
],
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An orbit (circular path)"
],
"links": [
[
"orbit",
"orbit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A ring, hoop"
],
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"hoop",
"hoop"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A necklace, chain"
],
"links": [
[
"necklace",
"necklace"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A company, social gathering, group"
],
"links": [
[
"company",
"company"
],
[
"gathering",
"gathering"
],
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the sixth year of which [reign], the first cycle of Dionysius begins. — Bede, Chronica Minora",
"text": "Huius sexto anno primus Dionisi circulus inchoat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A calendrical cycle"
],
"links": [
[
"calendrical",
"calendrical"
],
[
"cycle",
"cycle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) A calendrical cycle"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkir.ku.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɪrkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃir.ku.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃirkulus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "circulus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for circulus meaning in All languages combined (13.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.