"chrust" meaning in All languages combined

See chrust on Wiktionary

Noun [Lower Sorbian]

IPA: /xrust/
Etymology: From Proto-Slavic *xrǫsťь, *xrǫščь (“cockchafer”). Cognate with Polish chrząszcz, Czech chroust, Serbo-Croatian hrȗšt, Russian хрущ (xrušč). Etymology templates: {{inh|dsb|sla-pro|*xrǫsťь}} Proto-Slavic *xrǫsťь, {{m|sla-pro|*xrǫščь||cockchafer}} *xrǫščь (“cockchafer”), {{cog|pl|chrząszcz}} Polish chrząszcz, {{cog|cs|chroust}} Czech chroust, {{cog|sh|hrȗšt}} Serbo-Croatian hrȗšt, {{cog|ru|хрущ}} Russian хрущ (xrušč) Head templates: {{dsb-noun|m-anml}} chrust m animal Inflection templates: {{dsb-decl-noun-18|chru|st|animate=yes}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], chrust [nominative, singular], chrusta [dual, nominative], chrusty [nominative, plural], chrusta [genitive, singular], chrustowu [dual, genitive], chrustow [genitive, plural], chrustoju [dative, singular], chrustoma [dative, dual], chrustam [dative, plural], chrusta [accusative, singular], chrustowu [accusative, dual], chrusty [accusative, plural], chrustow [accusative, plural], chrustom [instrumental, singular], chrustoma [dual, instrumental], chrustami [instrumental, plural], chrusće [locative, singular], chrustoma [dual, locative], chrustach [locative, plural]
  1. diving beetle Tags: animal-not-person, masculine Categories (lifeform): Beetles
    Sense id: en-chrust-dsb-noun-lsCdMzvD Disambiguation of Beetles: 58 42 Categories (other): Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header, Lower Sorbian entries with topic categories using raw markup, Lower Sorbian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header: 55 45 Disambiguation of Lower Sorbian entries with topic categories using raw markup: 56 44 Disambiguation of Lower Sorbian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 55 45
  2. (specifically) great diving beetle (Dytiscus marginalis) Tags: animal-not-person, masculine, specifically
    Sense id: en-chrust-dsb-noun-4Rwy58Ks Categories (other): Lower Sorbian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Lower Sorbian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 55 45

Noun [Polish]

IPA: /xrust/
Rhymes: -ust Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ. Doublet of chaszcze and chwast. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*xvorstъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ, {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*xvorstъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ, {{dbt|pl|chaszcze|chwast}} Doublet of chaszcze and chwast Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-in|dim=chruścik}} chrust m inan (diminutive chruścik) Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-in}} Forms: chruścik [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], chrust [nominative, singular], chrusty [nominative, plural], chrustu [genitive, singular], chrustów [genitive, plural], chrustowi [dative, singular], chrustom [dative, plural], chrust [accusative, singular], chrusty [accusative, plural], chrustem [instrumental, singular], chrustami [instrumental, plural], chruście [locative, singular], chrustach [locative, plural], chruście [singular, vocative], chrusty [plural, vocative]
  1. brushwood (fallen branches and twigs) Tags: inanimate, masculine Categories (topical): Forestry Categories (lifeform): Plants
    Sense id: en-chrust-pl-noun-L9J2QGJB Disambiguation of Forestry: 18 25 31 25 Disambiguation of Plants: 24 26 21 29 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 12 29 29 29 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 21 24 30 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 22 25 29 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 22 25 29 25
  2. (archaic) thicket (copse) Tags: archaic, inanimate, masculine Categories (topical): Forestry Categories (lifeform): Plants
    Sense id: en-chrust-pl-noun-oCsCt8Z- Disambiguation of Forestry: 18 25 31 25 Disambiguation of Plants: 24 26 21 29 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 12 29 29 29 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 21 24 30 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 22 25 29 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 22 25 29 25
  3. angel wings (pastry) Tags: inanimate, masculine Categories (topical): Cakes and pastries, Forestry Categories (lifeform): Plants
    Sense id: en-chrust-pl-noun-xWOaG2Y9 Disambiguation of Cakes and pastries: 3 3 89 4 Disambiguation of Forestry: 18 25 31 25 Disambiguation of Plants: 24 26 21 29 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 12 29 29 29 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 21 24 30 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 22 25 29 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 22 25 29 25
  4. (obsolete) scraping (sound) Tags: inanimate, masculine, obsolete Categories (topical): Forestry, Sounds Categories (lifeform): Plants Synonyms: chrobot
    Sense id: en-chrust-pl-noun-YJ7b215U Disambiguation of Forestry: 18 25 31 25 Disambiguation of Sounds: 6 7 12 75 Disambiguation of Plants: 24 26 21 29 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 12 29 29 29 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 21 24 30 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 22 25 29 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 22 25 29 25
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: chruściany, chruściel, chruścina, chruścisko, chruśniak, drapichrust

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for chrust meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xrǫsťь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrǫsťь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*xrǫščь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cockchafer"
      },
      "expansion": "*xrǫščь (“cockchafer”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "chrząszcz"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish chrząszcz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "chroust"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech chroust",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "hrȗšt"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian hrȗšt",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "хрущ"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian хрущ (xrušč)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *xrǫsťь, *xrǫščь (“cockchafer”). Cognate with Polish chrząszcz, Czech chroust, Serbo-Croatian hrȗšt, Russian хрущ (xrušč).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dsb-decl-noun-18",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustowu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustowu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusće",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-anml"
      },
      "expansion": "chrust m animal",
      "name": "dsb-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "chru",
        "2": "st",
        "animate": "yes"
      },
      "name": "dsb-decl-noun-18"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
  "lang_code": "dsb",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lower Sorbian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lower Sorbian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "dsb",
          "name": "Beetles",
          "orig": "dsb:Beetles",
          "parents": [
            "Insects",
            "Arthropods",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "diving beetle"
      ],
      "id": "en-chrust-dsb-noun-lsCdMzvD",
      "links": [
        [
          "diving beetle",
          "diving beetle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lower Sorbian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "great diving beetle (Dytiscus marginalis)"
      ],
      "id": "en-chrust-dsb-noun-4Rwy58Ks",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(specifically) great diving beetle (Dytiscus marginalis)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine",
        "specifically"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/xrust/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chrust"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chruściany"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chruściel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chruścina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chruścisko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chruśniak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "drapichrust"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xvorstъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xvorstъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "chaszcze",
        "3": "chwast"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of chaszcze and chwast",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ. Doublet of chaszcze and chwast.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chruścik",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chruście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chruście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in",
        "dim": "chruścik"
      },
      "expansion": "chrust m inan (diminutive chruścik)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chrust"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 29 29 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 24 30 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 29 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 29 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 21 29",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Plants",
          "orig": "pl:Plants",
          "parents": [
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 25 31 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Forestry",
          "orig": "pl:Forestry",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "brushwood (fallen branches and twigs)"
      ],
      "id": "en-chrust-pl-noun-L9J2QGJB",
      "links": [
        [
          "brushwood",
          "brushwood"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 29 29 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 24 30 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 29 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 29 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 21 29",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Plants",
          "orig": "pl:Plants",
          "parents": [
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 25 31 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Forestry",
          "orig": "pl:Forestry",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thicket (copse)"
      ],
      "id": "en-chrust-pl-noun-oCsCt8Z-",
      "links": [
        [
          "thicket",
          "thicket"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) thicket (copse)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 29 29 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 24 30 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 29 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 29 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 21 29",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Plants",
          "orig": "pl:Plants",
          "parents": [
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 89 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Cakes and pastries",
          "orig": "pl:Cakes and pastries",
          "parents": [
            "Desserts",
            "Foods",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 25 31 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Forestry",
          "orig": "pl:Forestry",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "angel wings (pastry)"
      ],
      "id": "en-chrust-pl-noun-xWOaG2Y9",
      "links": [
        [
          "angel wings",
          "angel wings"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 29 29 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 24 30 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 29 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 29 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 21 29",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Plants",
          "orig": "pl:Plants",
          "parents": [
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 25 31 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Forestry",
          "orig": "pl:Forestry",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 12 75",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Sounds",
          "orig": "pl:Sounds",
          "parents": [
            "Sound",
            "Energy",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "scraping (sound)"
      ],
      "id": "en-chrust-pl-noun-YJ7b215U",
      "links": [
        [
          "scraping",
          "scraping"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) scraping (sound)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chrobot"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/xrust/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ust"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Chrust"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Chróst"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chrust"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Lower Sorbian animal nouns",
    "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Lower Sorbian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Lower Sorbian lemmas",
    "Lower Sorbian masculine nouns",
    "Lower Sorbian nouns",
    "Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Lower Sorbian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "dsb:Beetles",
    "pl:Cakes and pastries",
    "pl:Forestry",
    "pl:Plants",
    "pl:Sounds"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xrǫsťь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xrǫsťь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*xrǫščь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cockchafer"
      },
      "expansion": "*xrǫščь (“cockchafer”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "chrząszcz"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish chrząszcz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "chroust"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech chroust",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "hrȗšt"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian hrȗšt",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "хрущ"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian хрущ (xrušč)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *xrǫsťь, *xrǫščь (“cockchafer”). Cognate with Polish chrząszcz, Czech chroust, Serbo-Croatian hrȗšt, Russian хрущ (xrušč).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dsb-decl-noun-18",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustowu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustowu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusće",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-anml"
      },
      "expansion": "chrust m animal",
      "name": "dsb-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "chru",
        "2": "st",
        "animate": "yes"
      },
      "name": "dsb-decl-noun-18"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
  "lang_code": "dsb",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "diving beetle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "diving beetle",
          "diving beetle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "great diving beetle (Dytiscus marginalis)"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(specifically) great diving beetle (Dytiscus marginalis)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine",
        "specifically"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/xrust/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chrust"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish doublets",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish inanimate nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ust",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ust/1 syllable",
    "pl:Cakes and pastries",
    "pl:Forestry",
    "pl:Plants",
    "pl:Sounds"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "chruściany"
    },
    {
      "word": "chruściel"
    },
    {
      "word": "chruścina"
    },
    {
      "word": "chruścisko"
    },
    {
      "word": "chruśniak"
    },
    {
      "word": "drapichrust"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xvorstъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xvorstъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "chaszcze",
        "3": "chwast"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of chaszcze and chwast",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xvorstъ. Doublet of chaszcze and chwast.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chruścik",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chruście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrustach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chruście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrusty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in",
        "dim": "chruścik"
      },
      "expansion": "chrust m inan (diminutive chruścik)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chrust"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "brushwood (fallen branches and twigs)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brushwood",
          "brushwood"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thicket (copse)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thicket",
          "thicket"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) thicket (copse)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "angel wings (pastry)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "angel wings",
          "angel wings"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "scraping (sound)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scraping",
          "scraping"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) scraping (sound)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chrobot"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/xrust/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ust"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Chrust"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Chróst"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chrust"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.