See cardo on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cardo meaning in All languages combined (27.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cardō",
"t": "hinge"
},
"expansion": "Latin cardō (“hinge”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kern"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of kern",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cardō (“hinge”). Doublet of kern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cardines"
},
"expansion": "cardo (plural cardines)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The basal joint of the maxilla in insects"
],
"id": "en-cardo-en-noun-cfqY9tbM",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"basal",
"basal"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"maxilla",
"maxilla"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) The basal joint of the maxilla in insects"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"id": "en-cardo-en-noun-0w-U0v12",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"hinge",
"hinge"
],
[
"bivalve",
"bivalve"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) The hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A street that ran north-south, in an Ancient Roman town or city"
],
"id": "en-cardo-en-noun-E338fC1q",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"street",
"street"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ancient Rome) A street that ran north-south, in an Ancient Roman town or city"
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardar"
],
"id": "en-cardo-ca-verb-4e6POdq4",
"links": [
[
"cardar",
"cardar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus"
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin carduus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardos)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "gl:Thistles",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Cardal"
},
{
"word": "Cardedo"
},
{
"word": "cardo bravo"
},
{
"word": "cardo leiteiro"
},
{
"word": "cardo marítimo"
},
{
"word": "cardo molar"
},
{
"word": "cardo santo"
},
{
"word": "cardo veliño"
},
{
"word": "Cardosa"
},
{
"word": "Cardoso"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "but the earth did not produce but thistles and thorns and other plants and weeds that would rather hinder him than that that he sowed",
"ref": "c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 7",
"text": "mays a terra mays lle criaua cardos et espyñas et outras eruas et cousas danosas que o estoruauam que [nõ] o que el semẽtaua",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thistle"
],
"id": "en-cardo-gl-noun-gkz~oFBP",
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cardio"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾðo̝/"
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardar"
],
"id": "en-cardo-gl-verb-4e6POdq4",
"links": [
[
"cardar",
"cardar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cardeto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cardone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus",
"4": "",
"5": "thistle"
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus (“thistle”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin carduus (“thistle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"càr‧do"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 6 11 14 18",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "it:Thistles",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thistle"
],
"id": "en-cardo-it-noun-gkz~oFBP",
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 13 13 36 35",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "it:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 7 35 42",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "it:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 17 13 31 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "it:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"teasel"
],
"id": "en-cardo-it-noun-OOq3AKKw",
"links": [
[
"teasel",
"teasel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 13 13 36 35",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "it:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 17 13 31 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "it:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implement for carding wool with thistle-like bristles, card"
],
"id": "en-cardo-it-noun-AOL~7xMI",
"links": [
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"carding",
"carding"
],
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
],
[
"bristles",
"bristles"
],
[
"card",
"card"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scardasso"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ardo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus",
"4": "",
"5": "thistle"
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus (“thistle”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin carduus (“thistle”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"càr‧do"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 8 28 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 13 36 35",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "it:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 7 35 42",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "it:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 17 13 31 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "it:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardare"
],
"id": "en-cardo-it-verb-US0KUvoX",
"links": [
[
"cardare",
"cardare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ardo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "cardō",
"4": "",
"5": "hinge, astronomical pole"
},
"expansion": "Latin cardō (“hinge, astronomical pole”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin cardō (“hinge, astronomical pole”), hence, north-south line.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"càr‧do"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 13 13 36 35",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "it:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 7 35 42",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "it:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 17 13 31 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "it:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the principal north-south street in Roman cities or encampments"
],
"id": "en-cardo-it-noun-b56fljum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ardo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Cardea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardinālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardinātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardineus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo maximus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "carne",
"3": "charnière"
},
"expansion": "French: carne, charnière",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: carne, charnière"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cardine",
"3": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cardine, cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cardine, cardo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cárdine"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: cárdine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: cárdine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cardinal"
},
"expansion": "English: cardinal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cardinal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κράδη",
"t": "twig, spray; swing, crane in the drama"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κράδη (krádē, “twig, spray; swing, crane in the drama”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kerd-",
"t": "to move, sway, swing, jump"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "har",
"t": "hinge"
},
"expansion": "English har (“hinge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scerdo",
"3": "",
"4": "hinge"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scerdo (“hinge”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally related to Ancient Greek κράδη (krádē, “twig, spray; swing, crane in the drama”), but unlikely as the concordant sense of swing is metaphorical and likely too recent. Or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”) and so cognate with English har (“hinge”). Compare in any case Old High German scerdo (“hinge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cardō/cardin<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardō m (genitive cardinis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cardō/cardin<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "east-west street",
"word": "decumanus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hinge (of a door or gate), usually a pivot and socket in Roman times."
],
"id": "en-cardo-la-noun-viXmVHed",
"links": [
[
"hinge",
"hinge"
],
[
"pivot",
"pivot"
],
[
"socket",
"socket"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a tenon, mortice, or socket"
],
"id": "en-cardo-la-noun-Vws98RPL",
"links": [
[
"tenon",
"tenon"
],
[
"mortice",
"mortice"
],
[
"socket",
"socket"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) a tenon, mortice, or socket"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 31 16 14 9 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Roads",
"orig": "la:Roads",
"parents": [
"Road transport",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A street, that ran north-south, in a Roman town or military camp"
],
"id": "en-cardo-la-noun-qxDIGMyN",
"links": [
[
"street",
"street"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"turning point, critical moment or action"
],
"id": "en-cardo-la-noun-QsJstyOb",
"links": [
[
"turning point",
"turning point"
],
[
"critical",
"critical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) turning point, critical moment or action"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 7 19 15 26 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.101–102",
"text": "Prīma diēs tibi, Carnā, datur. dea cardinis haec est:\nnūmine clausa aperit, claudit aperta suō.\nThe first day [of June] is being given to you, Carna. This is the goddess of the hinge: by her divine power she opens the closed, [and] closes the opened.\n(Ovid conflates the June festival of the goddess Carna with the mythology of Cardea; see also Janus and Hinge.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the symbolism of the hinge in ancient Roman religion and myth"
],
"id": "en-cardo-la-noun-~DzMLkDH",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) the symbolism of the hinge in ancient Roman religion and myth"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "la:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a pole"
],
"id": "en-cardo-la-noun-OWKvegCP",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) a pole"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.doː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪oː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪o]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chardon"
},
"expansion": "French: chardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chardon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "cardon"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cardone",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: cardone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: cardone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "cardon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle French: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle French: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cardon"
},
"expansion": "French: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cardoon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cardoon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cardoon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "carduni"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: carduni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: carduni"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "carduus",
"3": "",
"4": "wild thistle, artichoke"
},
"expansion": "carduus (“wild thistle, artichoke”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cardus"
},
"expansion": "cardus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cardunculus"
},
"expansion": "cardunculus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant form of carduus (“wild thistle, artichoke”); see also cardus, cardunculus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cardō<3>",
"g": "m",
"gen_sg": "cardōnis/cardinis"
},
"expansion": "cardō m (genitive cardōnis or cardinis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((cardō/cardin<3>,cardō/cardōn<3>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 11 11 13 16 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thistle or some similar plant"
],
"id": "en-cardo-la-noun-qAAe4lGw",
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) thistle or some similar plant"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.doː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪oː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪o]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus"
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin carduus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardos)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "pt:Thistles",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thistle (plant)"
],
"id": "en-cardo-pt-noun-2RvMevRR",
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cárdeo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʁ.du/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɦ.du]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʁ.du/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɦ.du]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾ.du/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʁ.du/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɻ.do/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾ.du/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɾ.ðu]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardar"
],
"id": "en-cardo-pt-verb-4e6POdq4",
"links": [
[
"cardar",
"cardar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo abadejo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo azul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo bendito"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo chuza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo gigante"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo lanudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo mariano"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo ruso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardo yesquero"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin carduus",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin carduus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardos)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"car‧do"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardencha"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 11 9 27 16",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "es:Thistles",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thistle"
],
"id": "en-cardo-es-noun-gkz~oFBP",
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cardoon (plant)"
],
"id": "en-cardo-es-noun-Lg4Sv63d",
"links": [
[
"cardoon",
"cardoon"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Peninsular Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prickly customer"
],
"id": "en-cardo-es-noun-v8-IsFvr",
"links": [
[
"prickly",
"prickly"
],
[
"customer",
"customer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Spain) prickly customer"
],
"tags": [
"Spain",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Peninsular Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 14 37 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 16 41 24",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "es:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"butt ugly person"
],
"id": "en-cardo-es-noun-3Q0X9qXh",
"links": [
[
"butt ugly",
"butt ugly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Spain) butt ugly person"
],
"tags": [
"Spain",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾdo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɾ.ð̞o]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾdo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"car‧do"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardar"
],
"id": "en-cardo-es-verb-4e6POdq4",
"links": [
[
"cardar",
"cardar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾdo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɾ.ð̞o]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾdo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardar"
],
"links": [
[
"cardar",
"cardar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cardō",
"t": "hinge"
},
"expansion": "Latin cardō (“hinge”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kern"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of kern",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cardō (“hinge”). Doublet of kern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cardines"
},
"expansion": "cardo (plural cardines)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"The basal joint of the maxilla in insects"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"basal",
"basal"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"maxilla",
"maxilla"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) The basal joint of the maxilla in insects"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"The hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"hinge",
"hinge"
],
[
"bivalve",
"bivalve"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) The hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Ancient Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"A street that ran north-south, in an Ancient Roman town or city"
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"street",
"street"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ancient Rome) A street that ran north-south, in an Ancient Roman town or city"
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Galician verb forms",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"gl:Thistles"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Cardal"
},
{
"word": "Cardedo"
},
{
"word": "cardo bravo"
},
{
"word": "cardo leiteiro"
},
{
"word": "cardo marítimo"
},
{
"word": "cardo molar"
},
{
"word": "cardo santo"
},
{
"word": "cardo veliño"
},
{
"word": "Cardosa"
},
{
"word": "Cardoso"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus"
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin carduus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardos)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Galician terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "but the earth did not produce but thistles and thorns and other plants and weeds that would rather hinder him than that that he sowed",
"ref": "c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 7",
"text": "mays a terra mays lle criaua cardos et espyñas et outras eruas et cousas danosas que o estoruauam que [nõ] o que el semẽtaua",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thistle"
],
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾðo̝/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cardio"
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"gl:Thistles"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardar"
],
"links": [
[
"cardar",
"cardar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/ardo",
"Rhymes:Italian/ardo/2 syllables",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"it:Honeysuckle family plants",
"it:Thistles",
"it:Vegetables",
"it:Weaving"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cardeto"
},
{
"word": "cardone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus",
"4": "",
"5": "thistle"
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus (“thistle”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin carduus (“thistle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"càr‧do"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thistle"
],
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"teasel"
],
"links": [
[
"teasel",
"teasel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"implement for carding wool with thistle-like bristles, card"
],
"links": [
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"carding",
"carding"
],
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
],
[
"bristles",
"bristles"
],
[
"card",
"card"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scardasso"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ardo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/ardo",
"Rhymes:Italian/ardo/2 syllables",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"it:Honeysuckle family plants",
"it:Thistles",
"it:Vegetables",
"it:Weaving"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus",
"4": "",
"5": "thistle"
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus (“thistle”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin carduus (“thistle”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"càr‧do"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardare"
],
"links": [
[
"cardare",
"cardare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ardo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/ardo",
"Rhymes:Italian/ardo/2 syllables",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"it:Honeysuckle family plants",
"it:Thistles",
"it:Vegetables",
"it:Weaving"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "cardō",
"4": "",
"5": "hinge, astronomical pole"
},
"expansion": "Latin cardō (“hinge, astronomical pole”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin cardō (“hinge, astronomical pole”), hence, north-south line.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"càr‧do"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the principal north-south street in Roman cities or encampments"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ardo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"la:Roads"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Cardea"
},
{
"word": "cardinālis"
},
{
"word": "cardinātus"
},
{
"word": "cardineus"
},
{
"word": "cardo maximus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "carne",
"3": "charnière"
},
"expansion": "French: carne, charnière",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: carne, charnière"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cardine",
"3": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cardine, cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cardine, cardo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cárdine"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: cárdine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: cárdine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cardinal"
},
"expansion": "English: cardinal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cardinal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κράδη",
"t": "twig, spray; swing, crane in the drama"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κράδη (krádē, “twig, spray; swing, crane in the drama”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kerd-",
"t": "to move, sway, swing, jump"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "har",
"t": "hinge"
},
"expansion": "English har (“hinge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scerdo",
"3": "",
"4": "hinge"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scerdo (“hinge”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally related to Ancient Greek κράδη (krádē, “twig, spray; swing, crane in the drama”), but unlikely as the concordant sense of swing is metaphorical and likely too recent. Or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”) and so cognate with English har (“hinge”). Compare in any case Old High German scerdo (“hinge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cardō/cardin<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardō m (genitive cardinis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cardō/cardin<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "east-west street",
"word": "decumanus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hinge (of a door or gate), usually a pivot and socket in Roman times."
],
"links": [
[
"hinge",
"hinge"
],
[
"pivot",
"pivot"
],
[
"socket",
"socket"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a tenon, mortice, or socket"
],
"links": [
[
"tenon",
"tenon"
],
[
"mortice",
"mortice"
],
[
"socket",
"socket"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) a tenon, mortice, or socket"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A street, that ran north-south, in a Roman town or military camp"
],
"links": [
[
"street",
"street"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"turning point, critical moment or action"
],
"links": [
[
"turning point",
"turning point"
],
[
"critical",
"critical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) turning point, critical moment or action"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.101–102",
"text": "Prīma diēs tibi, Carnā, datur. dea cardinis haec est:\nnūmine clausa aperit, claudit aperta suō.\nThe first day [of June] is being given to you, Carna. This is the goddess of the hinge: by her divine power she opens the closed, [and] closes the opened.\n(Ovid conflates the June festival of the goddess Carna with the mythology of Cardea; see also Janus and Hinge.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the symbolism of the hinge in ancient Roman religion and myth"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) the symbolism of the hinge in ancient Roman religion and myth"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"a pole"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) a pole"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.doː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪oː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪o]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"la:Roads"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chardon"
},
"expansion": "French: chardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chardon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "cardon"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cardone",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: cardone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: cardone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "cardon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle French: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle French: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cardon"
},
"expansion": "French: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cardoon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cardoon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cardoon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "carduni"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: carduni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: carduni"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "carduus",
"3": "",
"4": "wild thistle, artichoke"
},
"expansion": "carduus (“wild thistle, artichoke”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cardus"
},
"expansion": "cardus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cardunculus"
},
"expansion": "cardunculus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant form of carduus (“wild thistle, artichoke”); see also cardus, cardunculus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cardinēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cardōnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cardō<3>",
"g": "m",
"gen_sg": "cardōnis/cardinis"
},
"expansion": "cardō m (genitive cardōnis or cardinis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((cardō/cardin<3>,cardō/cardōn<3>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"thistle or some similar plant"
],
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) thistle or some similar plant"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.doː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪oː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.do/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪o]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese undefined derivations",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"pt:Thistles"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus"
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin carduus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardos)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cárdeo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thistle (plant)"
],
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʁ.du/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɦ.du]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʁ.du/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɦ.du]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾ.du/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʁ.du/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɻ.do/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾ.du/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɾ.ðu]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables",
"pt:Thistles"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardar"
],
"links": [
[
"cardar",
"cardar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾdo",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾdo/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cardo abadejo"
},
{
"word": "cardo azul"
},
{
"word": "cardo bendito"
},
{
"word": "cardo chuza"
},
{
"word": "cardo gigante"
},
{
"word": "cardo lanudo"
},
{
"word": "cardo mariano"
},
{
"word": "cardo ruso"
},
{
"word": "cardo yesquero"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin carduus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "carduus"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin carduus",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin carduus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cardos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cardo m (plural cardos)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"car‧do"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cardencha"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thistle"
],
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cardoon (plant)"
],
"links": [
[
"cardoon",
"cardoon"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Peninsular Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"prickly customer"
],
"links": [
[
"prickly",
"prickly"
],
[
"customer",
"customer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Spain) prickly customer"
],
"tags": [
"Spain",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Peninsular Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"butt ugly person"
],
"links": [
[
"butt ugly",
"butt ugly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Spain) butt ugly person"
],
"tags": [
"Spain",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾdo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɾ.ð̞o]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾdo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾdo",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾdo/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms",
"es:Thistles",
"es:Vegetables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cardo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"car‧do"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cardar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of cardar"
],
"links": [
[
"cardar",
"cardar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaɾdo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɾ.ð̞o]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾdo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:cardo"
],
"word": "cardo"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.