See callum on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "calleō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "callōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "call",
"3": "cal·lus"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: call, cal·lus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: call, cal·lus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "French: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "calo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: calo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: calo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "callo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: callo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: callo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "calo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: calo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: calo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "caḍḍu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: caḍḍu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: caḍḍu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "callo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: callo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: callo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "calo"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: calo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: calo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "kaalo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cimbrian: kaalo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cimbrian: kaalo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "*kal-",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "калити",
"3": "",
"4": "to harden, cool"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to harden, cool”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaletos",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलिका",
"3": "",
"4": "bud"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कलिका (kalikā, “bud”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, but possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (perhaps via suffixed zero-grade *kl̥H-no-(m)); see also Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to harden, cool”), Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”), Sanskrit कलिका (kalikā, “bud”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "callī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "callum<2>"
},
"expansion": "callum n (genitive callī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "callum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "callōsitās"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 22 10 11 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hard or thick substance."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-pMnTxDBe",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 41 3 4 7 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 22 10 11 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hardened, thick skin upon animal bodies, hide."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-n4veVDz6",
"links": [
[
"hardened",
"hardened"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"bodies",
"body"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "corium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "cutis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "pellis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "scortum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "tergus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 22 10 11 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hard skin or flesh of plants."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-DJZcEMhL",
"links": [
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 22 10 11 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hard covering of soil."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-xOLgpOnt",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 22 10 11 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A callus, induration."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-f7D9Po-n",
"links": [
[
"callus",
"callus"
],
[
"induration",
"induration"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 41 3 4 7 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 22 10 11 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 5 7 8 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 36 4 4 5 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-2uGnFhby",
"links": [
[
"Hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"callousness",
"callousness"
],
[
"insensibility",
"insensibility"
],
[
"stupidity",
"stupidity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkälːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkälːum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "clāvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "callus"
}
],
"word": "callum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calleō"
},
{
"word": "callōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "call",
"3": "cal·lus"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: call, cal·lus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: call, cal·lus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "French: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "calo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: calo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: calo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "callo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: callo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: callo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "calo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: calo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: calo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "caḍḍu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: caḍḍu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: caḍḍu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "callo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: callo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: callo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "calo"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: calo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: calo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "kaalo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cimbrian: kaalo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cimbrian: kaalo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "*kal-",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "калити",
"3": "",
"4": "to harden, cool"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to harden, cool”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaletos",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलिका",
"3": "",
"4": "bud"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कलिका (kalikā, “bud”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, but possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (perhaps via suffixed zero-grade *kl̥H-no-(m)); see also Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to harden, cool”), Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”), Sanskrit कलिका (kalikā, “bud”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "callī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "callum<2>"
},
"expansion": "callum n (genitive callī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "callum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "callōsitās"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hard or thick substance."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hardened, thick skin upon animal bodies, hide."
],
"links": [
[
"hardened",
"hardened"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"bodies",
"body"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hard skin or flesh of plants."
],
"links": [
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hard covering of soil."
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A callus, induration."
],
"links": [
[
"callus",
"callus"
],
[
"induration",
"induration"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity."
],
"links": [
[
"Hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"callousness",
"callousness"
],
[
"insensibility",
"insensibility"
],
[
"stupidity",
"stupidity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkälːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkälːum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "clāvus"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "corium"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "cutis"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "pellis"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "scortum"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "tergus"
},
{
"word": "callus"
}
],
"word": "callum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for callum meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (callus): clāvus desc=callus rest=clāvus cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=True e2=False",
"path": [
"callum"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "callum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.